摘要
以英国皇家学会为载体,考察博物学在近代地位的起伏变化。学会成立初期,会员受到培根理论的影响,特别重视博物学,并将它视作通向新形式自然哲学的基石;随着自然哲学地位的提升和数学、实验研究方法逐渐得到认可,博物学传统不断受到贬损;从18世纪中叶起,由于雷和林奈等分类体系的出现与传播,博物学重新得以繁荣。学会内部,博物学家与自然哲学家两大派别冲突不断。
In the modern Western world, mathematical and experimental sciences are the mainstream of the intellectual progress, while the importance of natural history in the research has been neglected. But it is not true that from the birth of modern science mathematical and experimental science overwhelmed natural history completely. Take the Royal Society of London, for example, the initial members regarded natural history as the indispensable foundation of natural philosophy. With the success of modern science, mathematical and experimental methods have been accepted by more and more British scholars. However, natural history has not been completely beaten. After gathering materials for several centuries, the naturalists began to focus on the classification, nomenclature, and other inductive and analytic methods which made British natural history prosper again. There were many conflicts in the Royal Society between the naturalists and the natural philosophers in the eighteenth century.
出处
《自然辩证法通讯》
CSSCI
北大核心
2013年第2期46-50,126,共5页
Journal of Dialectics of Nature
关键词
博物学
皇家学会
自然哲学
Natural history
The Royal Society
Natural philosophy
