摘要
18世纪的皇家学会被视为不受重视的业余爱好者的科学团体,非科学会员被视为阻碍皇家学会成为一个真正的科学团体的重要因素。然而,这种科学会员与非科学会员的划分带有明显的辉格色彩,并不符合18世纪皇家学会对自身活动的基本定位:以报道和交流经验事实为主。科学会员与非科学会员的划分也不符合当时"科学"的标准,以实验为标志的自然哲学和着重搜集事实的博物学是当时"科学"的基本内容。众多非科学会员自视为科学的庇护者,为皇家学会的活动和发展提供了社会基础和资金支持。18世纪的皇家学会在学会自身发展和科学知识生产方面都有显著增长,是英国科学网络的中心。在班克斯就任皇家学会主席之后,皇家学会与英国政府之间建立了稳定持久的联系:皇家学会利用全球博物学采集网络为帝国扩张和商业利益提供科学服务。
The Royal Society in the 18th century has been regarded as a scientific community consisting of some amateurs not being taken seriously, and the existence of these non-scientific members was considered as the key factor that obstructed the Royal society to become a real scientific community. However, this division of scientific members and non-scientific members has the obvious Whig color, which didn’t meet the basic positioning of the Royal Society in the 18th century for its own activitiesreporting and exchanging the fact of experiences. Natural philosophy marked by experiments and natural history emphasizing on collecting facts have been the basic contents of 'Science' in that time, so this division didn’t accord with the standard of 'Science' as well. Many non-scientific members regarded themselves as the defenders of 'Science', who have provided the social infrastructure and financial support for the activities and development of the Royal Society. The Royal Society in the 18th century has taken a significant growth in its own development and the scientific knowledge production, and became the center of scientific network in Britain. After Banks became President of the Royal Society, a stable lasting contact between the Royal Society and the British Government was established: the Royal Society provided scientific services for the imperial expansion and commercial interests gain using its worldwide natural history acquisition network.
出处
《自然辩证法通讯》
CSSCI
北大核心
2013年第2期40-45,126,共6页
Journal of Dialectics of Nature
关键词
皇家学会
18世纪
博物学
辉格史
Royal Society
The 18th century
Natural history
Whig history
