摘要
以红壤坡地长期定位试验(1998-2011年)为研究对象,研究自然林、草地、农作、油茶林和湿地松5种土地利用方式对坡地径流量和泥沙流失量的影响,以及不同坡地径流量和泥沙流失量的变化趋势。结果表明:观测年限内5种土地利用方式的产流量大小顺序为农作区>油茶林区>湿地松区>草地区>自然林区,年均产流量分别为287.4,124.7,85.7,51.2,21.3m3/hm2。泥沙流失量大小顺序为农作区>湿地松区>油茶林区>草地区>自然林区,年均产沙量分别为117.7,16.7,15.3,6.9,5.4kg/hm2。5种红壤坡地利用方式年际径流量都呈现下降趋势,农作区下降幅度最大(年均33.8m3/hm2),自然林、草地利用方式下降幅度平缓。农作区的泥沙流失量与径流量的规律并不一致,年际间波动较大,自然林、草地、油茶林和湿地松4种方式在试验后期(2001-2011年)年泥沙流失量较小,稳定保持在0～50kg/hm2。从水土保持角度出发,红壤坡地采用油茶林和湿地松利用方式,短期内(5年)水土流失就可降低到较稳定阶段;采用自然植被恢复或者草地利用方式,1～2年内水土流失量就降低到较低水平;农作区径流量虽然随着试验年限的延长呈现显著降低趋势,但是泥沙的流失风险较大(年际波动较大),不适宜在坡地耕作。
Based on long-term observation data from 1998 to 2011 in red soil slope field experiment, surface runoff and soil erosion and their variation trends with five land use patterns（natural recuperation, grassland, farmland, sasanqua plantation, slash pine） were investigated. The results showed that the order of runoff was farmland 〉 sasanqua plantation 〉 slash pine 〉 grassland〉natural recuperation, with a quantity of 287.4, 124.7, 85.7, 51.2, 21.3 m3/hm2, respectively. The order of soil erosion amount was farmland 〉 slash pine ）〉sasanqua plantation 〉grassland 〉natural recuperation, with a quantity of 117.7, 16.7, 15.3, 6.9, 5.4 kg/hm2 , respectively. The surface runoff of all the land uses was trending downward from 1998 to 2011, which decreased quickly by 33.8 m3/hm2 per year in farmland use type, while it decreased lightly in natural recuperation and grassland use patterns. The soil erosion in farmland was highly inter-annual variability while in the other four land uses it remained stable at 0 to 50 kg/hm2 per year since 2001. To take soil and water conservation into consideration, the red soil slope field was unsuitable for farming for it highly inter- annual variation, although the surface runoff and soil erosion remained decreasing trend from 1998--2011. The land use pattern of natural recuperation and grassland were good management strategies in red soil slope field, for their surface runoff and soil erosion decreased sharply and remained stable in a short time（about 2 years）, it took about 5 years for sasanqua plantation and slash pine to reduce surface runoff and soil erosion to a low and stable level, which made both of the patterns appropriate for red soil slope use.
出处
《水土保持学报》
CSCD
北大核心
2013年第1期22-26,共5页
Journal of Soil and Water Conservation
基金
公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201203030)
国家自然科学基金项目(31200339)
关键词
红壤坡地
土地利用方式
坡地径流量
泥沙流失量
年际变化趋势
red soil slope field
land use pattern
surface runoff amount
soil erosion amount
interannual variation trend
