摘要
通过4年(1998～2001年)径流场定位观测研究,探明了不同植被垫面雨水产流过程中系统水土流失有显著性差异。水流失量为农作区>常绿灌木区、针叶林区>常绿果园区>退化区、恢复区。坡地不同垫面间雨水地表径流的差异存在,为坡地雨水利用和利用坡地集雨支持农田灌溉提供了依据和可调控性。土壤流失量受人为干预、耕作强度的影响很大,坡地从自然保护到作物栽培,系统的土壤流失量提高20倍。茶果林地的土壤流失低于作物耕种的2～3倍,而高于自然利用和自然保护的6～12倍。养分流失在数量和质量上皆取决于垫面构成。提出了利用坡地集雨优势,构建与单元生态系统水循环平衡相适应的坡地农林复合生态系统,并通过水平衡生态建设来维系生态系统的水分平衡。
A positional observation has been carried out for 4 years (1998~2001) by way of onthespot measurement in the runoff field. The results show that there are significant differences of systematic soil erosion in the course of runoff generated by rainwater among landscapes with different vegetation. The loss of water shows the following order: crop section>evergreen bush section and conifer section>evergreen orchard section>degeneration section and restoration section. The differences of the direct runoff of rainwater among different landscapes of hillside fields provide basis and controllability for the utilization of rainwater on hillside fields and for using hillside fields to collect rainwater to support farmland irrigation. Soil erosion is greatly affected by artificial interference and farming intensity .The amount of soil erosion in hillside field system increases 20 times from natural protection to crop cultivation. Soil erosion of tea and fruit forest is 2~3 times lower than that of crop cultivation, but 6~12 times higher than that of natural use and natural protection. Nutrient loss both in quantity and quality depends on landscape constitution. It suggested that we should use the rainwater collecting superiority on hillside fields to construct agroforest ecosystems on hillside fields suitable to water cycling equilibrium in unit ecosystem and to maintain water equilibrium in ecosystems by ecological construction of water equilibrium.
出处
《水土保持学报》
CSCD
北大核心
2002年第4期37-40,共4页
Journal of Soil and Water Conservation
基金
中国科学院知识创新工程项目资助(KZCX2-407)
关键词
垫面反应
红壤坡地
雨水产流
土壤流失
red soil sloping land
runoff generated by rainwater
soil erosion
landscape
reaction
