摘要
文章首先提出从范式概念对旅游研究进行梳理的必要性,然后对国外有关旅游研究范式的文献进行回顾,以说明实证主义和后实证主义的范式在当前旅游研究中占主导,旅游研究整体上处于社会研究中的前两个阶段,即传统阶段和现代主义阶段。在此基础上,文章对一种新的理论——行动者网络理论加以引介,对其所坚持的本体论、认识论和方法论加以概括,并从行动者网络理论的视角对旅游知识生产及研究对象加以审视,将这一理论在当前旅游研究中的应用情况进行了介绍与评述,并与其他范式的不同之处进行比较。文章指出,行动者网络理论对于研究对象由各种异质性事物组成,旨在发现那些异质性事物之间的联结和过程的研究具有理论优势。这一理论优势与旅游现象快速变化的特点及复杂性等相适应,行动者网络理论对于旅游研究的范式创新具有重要意义。
The paper firstly points out that it is necessary to review tourism research from Kuhn＇s paradigm perspective and it is obvious that there are no community＇s shared beliefs in tourism research. Then the article reviews foreign literature on tourism research paradigm.Riley and Love,and Phillimore and Goodson respectively analyze the articles published in leading tourism academic periodicals with the ＂5 moments＂ model which is in relation to the evolution and development of qualitative research.Phillimore and Goodson introduce the four main paradigms in social research,namely positivism,postpositivism,critical theory and constructivism,into tourism research.They find out that most tourism studies are in the paradigms of positivism and postpositivism.Tourism research as a whole is in the first two moments of social research,i.e.traditional and modern times.This shows that tourism research is not only weak in theory and method but also lags behind other areas of sociology in paradigms adoption. On this basis,the paper introduces an innovative paradigm of actor-network-theory（ANT） and compares ANT with traditional social theory paradigms by generalizing its ontology,epistemology and methodology.In ontology,ANT insists ontologies in practice which is totally different from the traditional sociology seeking help from social elements to explain social problems.In epistemology,ANT regards that social science should carry out three tasks which are deployment,stabilization and composition.And in research practice,ANT names any entity that can make a difference by their activities as an actor,no matter whether it is natural,social or human.It accomplishes the tasks by translation analysis and association analysis of actors.In methodology,ANT emphasizes record and description,that is,to carry out laboratory research of science and society.The principle of general symmetry is the embodiment of the above which strive to treat science and society symmetrically.In this way,ANT insists sociology of associations or sociology of translation differentiates from the traditional sociology,i.e.sociology of the social. In order to state the significance of ANT in tourism research paradigm innovation,the paper conducts a literature review of ANT in tourism.Researchers examine the essence and structure of tourism studies,the culture of researchers and their research practices in the epistemology of ANT and finds that knowledge creation is the process and results of actors association.In the research projects ANT is used in three aspects,which are using the obligatory passage point as a concept,using for reference with the emphasis on non-human actors of ANT,and referring to translation analysis of ANT to study such issues as tourism cooperation and innovation. Literature review of ANT in tourism shows that ANT firstly caused an alteration of epistemology in thinking of the essence of constructivism of tourism knowledge creation and the duality antinomy between nature and society in tourism research.Secondly,by acceptance of the principle of general symmetry and the concept of non-human actors,ANT tourism researchers pay more attention to technology,environment,propagation and even goods,and relationships.It helps explain how multi-factors affect in complicate tourism phenomena.Thirdly,by using the ANT approach,its research progress,and unique concepts,tourism researchers can better describe the evolution,associations and relationships so that explanations of a problem emerge from its description. At last,the paper concludes the theoretical superiority of ANT is to achieve heterogeneous objectives and to find the connections between them.This suits to the fast-changing and complex phenomena of tourism and thus is significant in tourism paradigm innovation.
出处
《旅游学刊》
CSSCI
2012年第11期24-31,共8页
Tourism Tribune
基金
山东大学(威海)商学院青年学术团队资助~~
关键词
范式
行动者网络理论
旅游研究
paradigm
actor-network-theory
tourism research
