摘要
在美国,职业体育受《谢尔曼法》的规制,职业体育联盟主张其性质是单一实体,不是复数主体,不可能形成共谋行为,不受《谢尔曼法》第1条规制。联邦巡回法院在判例中对职业体育联盟性质的认定存在分歧,一般认为职业体育联盟不是单一实体,但联邦第七巡回法院在"公牛案"中认定,美国职业篮球联盟是单一实体,而美国职业足球大联盟在组织结构上就属于单一实体。为解决这一司法上的分歧,联邦最高法院在2010年判决的Am.Needle Inc.v.NFL案中认定:美国国家橄榄球联盟各俱乐部都是独立的实体,它们存在合作,也存在竞争,是知识产权许可市场上的竞争者,其不是单一实体,应受《谢尔曼法》第1条规制。
The Anti-trust law could be applied to the professional sport field in the USA. The professional sports league advocates that it is single entity, but not a multiple entity, which could not have concerted action for the purpose of avoiding the regulation of the Article 1 of Sherman Act. There are disagreements about the nature of the professional sports league among Federal Circuit Courts, some courts believed that the professional sports league is not a single entity, but in the case Chicago Professional Sports Limited Partnership v. NBA, the 7th Federal Circuit Courts found the NBA is a single entity. In order to settle this judicial difference, the U.S Supreme Court found the NFL was not a single entity which should be regulated by the Article 1 of Sherman Act in the case of Am. Needle Inc. v. NFL in 2010. There have collaboration and competition among them. Chinese professional sports league should be joint venture enterprise as its organization.
出处
《天津体育学院学报》
CAS
CSSCI
北大核心
2012年第4期320-324,共5页
Journal of Tianjin University of Sport
基金
国家体育总局哲学社会科学研究项目(项目编号:1612SS12005)
湖南省社会科学研究基地法学研究基地(湘潭大学)开放课题(项目编号:12fx011)
关键词
职业体育联盟
谢尔曼法
单一实体
professional sports league
Sherman Act
single entity
