摘要
目的了解分析5种常用避孕方式的避孕失败率和不良反应,为避孕节育方法的选择提供临床依据。方法对采用安全期、避孕套、宫内节育器、口服短效避孕药、口服紧急避孕药等5种常用避孕方式的871例育龄妇女进行调查,其中采用安全期避孕法105例,采用避孕套避孕法300例,采用宫内节育器203例,采用口服短效避孕药212例,采用口服紧急避孕药51例。结果使用安全期、避孕套、宫内节育器、口服短效避孕药、口服紧急避孕药等5种避孕方式的避孕失败率,以安全期避孕为最高(15.2%),口服短效避孕药为最低(2.4%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。不良反应发生率由高到低依次为宫内节育器、口服紧急避孕药、口服短效避孕药、安全套、安全期避孕。宫内节育器不良反应以腰腹酸痛的发生为主,发生率为13.8%;口服紧急避孕药不良反应以不规则阴道流血的发生为主,发生率为7.8%;口服短效避孕药不良反应以胃肠道反应的发生为主,发生率为5.7%;10例采用避孕套避孕妇女曾有过敏情况,发生率为3.3%;安全期避孕法无精液过敏情况出现。结论 5种常用避孕方法中,口服短效避孕药有效性较高、不良反应较低。
Objective To study the contraceptive failure rate and the adverse reaction among of 5 kinds of birth control measures, in order to provide clinical evidence on contraceptive methods selection. Methods A total of 871 cases of reproductive women who adopted five kinds of common contraceptive methods of safe period, condom, intrauterine device, oral short-acting contraceptives, oral emergency contraceptives were surveyed, among whom safe period contraception was adopted by 105 cases, condom contraception was adopted by 300 cases, intrauterine device was adopted by 203 cases, oral short-acting contraceptives was adopted by 212 cases and oral emergency contraceptives was adopted by 51 cases. Results Among safe period, condom, intrauterine device, oral short-acting contraceptives, oral emergency contraceptives five kinds of contraceptive methods, the contraceptive failure rate of safe period contraception was the highest （15.2%）, oral short-act- ing contraceptives was the lowest （2.4%）, the difference was statistically significant （P 〈 0.05）. The incidence of adverse re- action from high to low was intrauterine device, oral emergency contraceptives, oral short-acting contraceptives, condom, safe period contraception. Waist and abdomen pain was the primary adverse reaction of intrauterine device contraception, the incidence was 13.8%. Irregular vaginal bleeding was the primary adverse reaction of oral emergency contraceptives, the incidence was 7.8%. Gastrointestinal reaction was the primary adverse reaction of oral short-acting contraceptives, the incidence was 5.7%. There were anaphylaxis in 10 cases of women who adopted condom contraception, the incidence was 3.3%. There was no semen allergies in safe period contraception women. Conclusion Among five kinds of contraceptive methods, the efficacy of oral short-acting contraceptives is the highest, which also had less adverse reaction.
出处
《中国当代医药》
2012年第22期169-171,共3页
China Modern Medicine
关键词
避孕
知情选择
避孕套
不良反应
Contraception
Informed choice
Condom
Adverse reaction
