摘要
目的 了解山羊颈部动脉的正常解剖关系和组织学结构 ,为开展颈动脉切除重建提供参考。方法 全麻下对 15只普通成年山羊的双侧颈部进行手术解剖 ,测量颈总动脉和颈外静脉的中点外径。切取 1cm长的动、静脉段作HE染色 ,光镜检查。选择 2只动物行颈动脉直接穿刺造影 ,观察颈动脉分支和走行。以激光多普勒血流仪记录正常颈动脉血流信号。结果 颈外静脉的平均外径为左侧 5 .4mm ,右侧 5 .3mm。颈总动脉左侧平均外径为3.8mm ,右侧为 3.6mm。颈总动脉分支位置较高 ,接近第 2颈椎水平。组织学检查发现 ,羊的颈总动脉中膜平滑肌层较厚 ,10～ 15层。颈外静脉壁菲薄 ,含有瓣膜 ,肌层仅 1～ 2层。结论 羊的颈总动脉和颈外静脉较长 ,口径较粗(3～ 5mm ) ,组织学结构类似人的大血管 ,颈总动脉的分支部位较高 ,比较适于颈动脉重建的实验研究。
Objective To investigate the normal anatomic relations and histologic features of the cervical arteries and veins of goat, with the aim of providing a basis for resection and reconstruction of the common carotid artery. Materials and Methods Surgical dissection was performed on 15 healthy adult goats under general anaesthesia. The external diameters of the common carotid artery (CCA) and external jugular vein(EJV) were measured at their midpoints. 1 cm of the CCA and EJV was subject to light microscopic examination . Direct carotid angiography was performed on 2 selected goats to observe the course and branches of the carotid artery and normal blood flow mapping of the CCA was recorded using Laser Doppler Flowmeter. Results The average external diameter of the EJV was 5.4 mm for the left side and 5.3 mm for the right side. The average external diameter of the CCA was 3.8 mm for the left side and 3.6 mm for the right side. Histologic examinations found that the media of the carotid artery had 10～15 layers of smooth muscles. The EJV had valvulae, its wall was thin, only 1～2 layers of smooth muscle were contained in its medium. Conclusion The CCA and EJV of the goat had a longer course in the neck, and a larger diameter (3～5 mm). Their histologic structures were similar to that of the human being, which makes it advantageous to be more often used as an animal model in experimental surgery.
出处
《上海口腔医学》
CAS
CSCD
2000年第1期39-41,共3页
Shanghai Journal of Stomatology
基金
卫生部科学研究基金!(编号 :96-1-3 4 0 )
关键词
颈部解剖
颈部血管
组织学
实验
Goat, Sheep
Cervical Anatomy
Cervical Vessels
Histology
Experimental Study
