摘要
目的分析麻疹流行病学特征,评价麻疹控制效果。方法根据控制策略将凤山县31年来麻疹控制工作划分为4个阶段,对各阶段麻疹流行情况进行描述性流行病学分析。结果各阶段以15岁以下儿童发病最多,其中0~5岁组发病率最高。Ⅰ阶段麻疹平均发病率为197.12/10万,死亡率为1.40/10万,乡镇覆盖率达100%,冬春季为高发,流行峰间隔期为3~4年,峰形陡峭;Ⅱ阶段平均发病率为74.88/10万,死亡率为0.36/10万,流行峰间隔期为5~6年;Ⅲ阶段平均发病率35.53/10万,死亡率为0.29/10万,流行峰间隔期为7~8年,峰形上升迅速下降缓慢;Ⅳ阶段平均发病率为1.38/10万,无死亡病例,乡镇覆盖率下降到72.73%,高发季节向春夏季后移,流行峰间隔期为8~9年,峰形矮小。结论高质量实施麻疹减毒活疫苗预防接种和规范麻疹疫情管理是控制和消除麻疹的良策。
Objective To analyze the epidemiological features of measles,and to evaluate the effectiveness of measles control. Methods The situation of measles control in Fengshan in 31 years was divided into four stages according to the control strategy,and the method of descriptive epidemiology was used to analyze each stage of the measles epidemic. Results Most of the patients at each stage of the measles epidemic were the children aged under 15 years,and the incidence rate of the age group of 0-5 years was the highest.The average incidence rate and the mortality of measles at stage I were 197.12/100,000 and 1.40/100,000,respectively.The coverage rate of townships was 100%.There were morbidity peaks in winter and spring.The interval of prevalence peak was between 3 and 4 years,and the peak profile was steep.The average incidence rate and the mortality of measles at stage II were 74.88/100,000 and 0.36/100,000,respectively.The interval of prevalence peak was between 5 and 6 years.The average incidence rate and the mortality of measles at stage III were 35.53/100,000 and 0.29/100,000,respectively.The interval of prevalence peak was between 7 and 8 years.And the peak profile increased rapidly but decreased slowly.The average incidence rate of measles at stage IV was 1.38/100,000,and no death case occurred.The coverage rate of townships was decreased by 72.73%.There were morbidity peaks in spring and summer.The interval of prevalence peak was between 8 and 9 years.And the peak shape became short. Conclusions High-quality implementation of preventive inoculation of live attenuated measles vaccine and standardized management of measles epidemic are the good strategies for control and elimination of measles.
出处
《实用预防医学》
CAS
2012年第3期390-392,共3页
Practical Preventive Medicine
关键词
麻疹
流行病学
分析
Measles
Epidemiology
Analysis
