摘要
从事故原因、应急处理措施、处理结果等几方面总结了国内外发生的主要石油类突发水污染事故,综述了机械回收、原地焚烧、投加消油剂、生物修复等应对石油类水污染事故的主要应急处理技术。通过对比分析,得出它们的优缺点和适用场景。其中,机械回收中围栏法和吸附法应用研究较多;原地焚烧具有简单、快速与高效等特点;喷洒消油剂适应恶劣天气与大面积处理;而生物修复则具有成本低,无二次污染等优势。分析认为,复杂多变的事故场景决定了应急技术应是一个综合技术系统,通过构建油类突发水污染事故模拟平台,验证深化现有技术,强化现有单项技术的集成是未来的发展方向和重点。
With the ever-growing oil consumption, water pollution accidents caused by the oil refining and transportation have been moreand more serious petroleum accidental happened frequently, lifts paper just intends to analyze the cause of such accidents, the emergency control measures and the results of treatment by quoting examples in this way from aboard and home. For this purpose, we have to first of all make a comprehensive review over the research advances in major emergency control technologies against such kind of water pollution, such as mechanical recycling, in-situ burning, adding oil spill dis- persant and bioremediation. The above-mentioned technologies are fa- mous for their being promptness, high efficiency and excellent effec- tiveness. A careful comparative analysis helps to show both their ad- vantages and disadvantages and the degree of their applicability. Though mmechanical recycling proves efficient in absorbing and cap- turing oil-like greasy substances through physical measures, the most widely used methods seem to be the enclosure and adsorption in me- chanical recycling. Burning in-situ is used as a kind of oil spill re- spense technique that involves the controlled ignition and burning of the oil at or near the spill site on the surface of the water. Though it enjoys the features of simplicity, quickness and high efficiency, it al- so involves heavy environmental pollution and hazardous accidents. As to dispersant processing method, it is mainly composed of using the surface active agent, solvent and some kinds of additives （wetting agent and stabilizer and so on） and chiefly suitable for inclement weather and large-scaled spraying oil spill treatment. The last but not the least useful method in this way is bbioremediatian by utilizing mi- crobial metabolism to reduce and eliminate the environmental pollu- tion, which goes rather slowly. Though the method enjoys the advan- tage of low cost and free from secondary pollution, the process of pol- lution-removing proves very slow. Based on the study of the above methods, we can find that the emergency control technologies belong to a composite technological system, which should be taken as the orientation conducing to the future successful development of water pollution treating and prevention approaches and means and the inte- gration of the multiplicity and diversity of present tcchnolngies.
出处
《安全与环境学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2011年第5期240-244,共5页
Journal of Safety and Environment
基金
中国科学院知识创新工程重要方向项目(KSCX2-YW-G-055)
国家"863"重大项目课题(2008AA06A409)
关键词
环境科学技术其他学科
应急处理技术
石油泄漏
机械回收
消油剂
原地焚烧
生物修复
other disciplines of environmental science and technology
emergency control technology
petroleum leak
mechanical recycle
oil spill dispersant
in-situ buring
bioremediation
