摘要
依据时间管理的相关理论,参照国内外已有的相关问卷和量表,提出大学生时间管理问卷的结构。对872份有效数据进行探索性和验证性因素分析,同时考察了时间管理与文化取向的关系。研究结果表明:(1)大学生时间管理倾向问卷包括6个因子:即规划性、拖延性、时间透视性、自觉控制性、混乱倾向性和抗压性;(2)问卷的内部一致性信度、分半信度和重测信度均较高,问卷具有良好的信效度;(3)文化取向中的垂直个人主义对时间管理倾向中的计划性、自觉控制性和混乱倾向性有显著预测作用;文化取向中的垂直集体主义对时间透视和抗压性有显著的正向预测作用。
How are the cultural norms reflected in the subjective experience of time and how can the value predict the subjective time patterns？ The measurement of time management tendency, an important topic, is affected by culture. Time perspective refers to the subjective time representation, which relates the present behavior to future goals. Individualism-collectivism is the core of value. Two dimensions of cultural diversity have been found to be correlated with differences in the use of time： individualism-collectivism and power distance. Individualistic cultures foster the needs, wishes, and desires of individuals. As such they encourage autonomy and separateness, and appreciate orientation in tasks higher than orientation in persons. Collectivist cultures foster the needs, wishes, and desires in groups over individuals; and work gets done through webs of relationships. These cultures encourage values such as social harmony, cohesion, cooperation, and conformity. Cultures with high power distance （＂vertical＂ cultures） stress status differences and work-place hierarchies, whereas cultures with low power distance （＂horizontal＂ cultures） take hierarchies less seriously. The aim of the study was to investigate the structure of time management and its relationship with culture orientation. Thus, the study included the psychological as well as the economic perspectives. According to the time management theory, and the relevant questionnaire or scale, we put forward the theoretical structure of a time management questionnaire. We randomly selected 872 college students （484 females and 388 males） from four universities in Dalian. The participants filled two validated questionnaires in class, including the measurement of time management tendency, and Individualism-collectivism. It took about 30 minutes to complete the questionnaires. The correlations between factors were calculated by SPSS and the structure models were analyzed by AMOS. In the analysis of the structural equation modeling, the structure of the questionnaire about the measurement of time management tendency was constructed. The preliminary inquiry theory structure was analyzed by exploratory factors and confirmation factors. The results showed that （1） The Time Management Questionnaire included six factors： planning, delay time perspective, controlling, confusion tendency and resistance; （2） We also tested the reliability and validity d the questionnaire; the study indicatesd that the homogeneity reliability, split-half reliability and test-retest reliability were all very high, and concurrent validity was obvious; （3） Vertical Individualism can forecast the planning, controlling, confusion tendency. Vertical collectivism has significant positive effects on time perspective and stress. In this study, these findings demonstrated that the time management tendency about college students has 6 factors and is affected by culture orientation. From the culture psychology perspective, culture orientation is the effective predictor which guides how to use time and how to bring about achievement. These findings suggest that in order to improve the use of time in college students, it is crucial to establish the proper value. The results not only strongly reveal the characteristics of time management for contemporary college students but also largely support a chronic model of the structure of time management.
出处
《心理科学》
CSSCI
CSCD
北大核心
2011年第4期894-898,共5页
Journal of Psychological Science
基金
德国The Chemnitz University of Technology"中德成人时间管理倾向"项目的资助
关键词
大学生
时间管理倾向
文化取向
college students, time management tendency, culture orientation
