摘要
中国的决策体制是中国政治体制的中枢系统,也是决定中国发展的关键因素。以中国共产党为领导核心的决策体制是在中国共产党领导革命、创建新中国的长期历史中形成的,具有其历史合理性。决策体制从建立到改革开放前呈现集中化的趋势。决策权力日趋集中的体制,存在着决策结构专业化分工程度不高、制度化程度低、偏重经验决策、决策过程封闭和缺乏自我修正与调节机制等弊端。改革开放后,决策体制改革的重点,是在决策结构、决策方式和决策机制三个主要方面推进决策的民主化、科学化和法治化建设。决策体制改革的实践证明,以决策民主化、科学化和法治化为导向的决策体制改革,成功地应对了中国由经济和社会迅速变迁所带来的各种挑战。从政治发展的角度看,决策体制的改革呈现出的基本趋势是:从个人决策向民主决策、从经验决策向科学决策、从决策组织高度集中向决策组织结构分化、从封闭式决策向开放式决策、从被动参与决策向自主参与决策、从决策非制度化向决策制度化的转变。一个中国共产党主导、多方参与、科学论证、过程开放、依法运行的决策模式在决策体制改革的实践中初步形成。
The policy-making system is the backbone of China's political system and a crucial factor determining its development.The policy-making system with the CPC lying at the core results from the CPC's long history of leading China's revolution and establishing the People's Republic of China;therefore it has historical rationality.Policy-making was centralized over the period from the foundation of the PRC to reform and opening up.This centralized policy-making system had faults such as a low level of specialized division of labor,low institutionalization,an undue emphasis on experiences,a closed policy-making process and the absence of any self-correcting and adjustment mechanisms.The reform of China's policy-making system in the post-reform period has attached much importance to promoting democratic,scientific and law-based policy-making with regard to policy-making structures,modes and mechanisms.Practice proves that this reform has successfully met the challenges arising from rapid social and economic transition.Viewed from the perspective of political development,it involves an evolution from personal to democratic,from experience-based to scientific,from centralized to decentralized,from closed to open,from passive to active participation and from non-institutionalized to institutionalized policy-making.A policy-making model has gradually taken shape that is characterized by CPC domination,involvement of multiple subjects,scientific proof,open process,and law-based operation.
出处
《中国社会科学》
CSSCI
北大核心
2011年第3期101-120,222,共20页
Social Sciences in China
基金
“中美政治学者高级对话项目”,该项目由香港中美交流基金会资助,中方负责人俞可平教授,美方负责人李侃如教授
国家社科基金重大项目“促进社会公平正义与政府治理研究”(10zd&040)
