摘要
全球化浪潮下,地区主义伴随区域一体化得到迅速发展。在西欧一体化过程中,西欧国家通过重视合法协定、强调功能整合以及超国家机构的建设形成了结构性地区主义;而在东亚一体化发展中,东亚国家则强调不干涉原则,突出国家主权至上,抵制和质疑超国家机构,从而形成了"弱机制化"的开放性地区主义。两种性质的地区主义的成因主要在于:西欧和东亚的历史发展体系不同,导致其各自成员国之间的经济政治制度同质性程度不同,成员国之间的集体认同以及对民族国家主权的价值观存在差异。就发展趋向而言,自金融危机后,欧洲债务危机频现,暴露了规范严谨的结构性地区主义的僵化弊病,而东亚一体化过程中,东盟、"10+1"、"10+3"、东亚峰会等对话形式层出不穷,则表明了缺乏规范机制下的地区合作效率的不足。
As the process of globalization continues, regionalism has developed rapidly along with regional integration. In their process of integration, Western European states have focused on legal agreements, on the integration of functions, and on the development of supranational institutions. The European experience might be categorized as one of constructivist regionalism. In East Asia, integration has emphasized the principle of non-intervention, emphasized the supremacy of state sovereignty, and resisted the development of supranational institutions, opting for a liberal regionalism characterized by weak institutions. The different characteristics of the two regionalisms were shaped by unique historical developments in Western Europe and East Asia, which resulted in different types of economic and political institutions, different understandings of collectivism and different values with respect to the sovereignty of the nation state among member states of each respective region. Since the financial crisis, the European debt crisis has exposed the structural ills of the rigidity of constructivist regionalism, while in East Asia the process of integration has seen the creation of an array of frameworks for dialogue at different levels, including ASEAN, the 10 ＋ 1 framework, the 10 ＋ 3 framework, and the East Asia Summit. However this also illustrates the low level of efficiency characteristic in a region which lacks institutional norms.
出处
《当代亚太》
CSSCI
北大核心
2011年第2期52-67,52,共16页
Journal of Contemporary Asia-Pacific Studies
