摘要
本文首先从环境容量利用权产生的社会背景和自然科学基础出发,指出环境容量利用权是一种新型无形财产权,是对环境生态功能的商品化,兼具公权与私权属性。然后,本文深入探讨了环境容量利用权的权利构造,指出环境容量利用权的主体不限于排污者,而是一般主体,但要成为具体的环境容量利用权主体还需受到一定的公法管制;环境容量利用权的客体就是环境容量,通过环境容量所依附的物质载体的空间范围、利用环境容量的期限、所利用的环境容量的数量、所排放污染物的种类等参数可使环境容量具有确定性;环境容量利用权的核心权能是排污和收益,环境容量利用权的功能定位是"利用"而非支配或控制环境容量,一般不具有占有和排他权能,通过排污保证正常的生产活动是间接收益,而通过交易获取经济利益则是直接收益。最后,本文简要分析了环境容量利用权在中国的实现机制。
Based on the social background and natural science foundation, this article defines the right to utilize environmental capacity as a new tpye of intangible property right. To establish such a type of right is conducive to the commercialization of the ecological functions of environmental capacity. This type of right possesses the attributes of both public and private rights. The article further discusses the structure of the right to utilize environmental capacity, points out the subject of this right which contains not only the polluter but also general subjects, and one who holds this right shall be bound by public law. The object of this right is environmental capacity, which can be embodied through space, time, quantity, and category, Emitting pollutants and gaining profits are core functions of this right. The purpose of this right is to utilize but not to dominate or control environmental capacity ; therefore, it does not have the function of possession rights or exclusive rights. To ensure daily production activities through the discharge of pollutants is the indirect benefit of the right to utilize environmental capacity, while its direct yield is to gain economic interests through emissions trading. At the end, the article analyzes the mechanism to realize the right to utilize environmental capacity in China.
出处
《中国人口·资源与环境》
CSSCI
北大核心
2011年第3期30-34,共5页
China Population,Resources and Environment
基金
台达环境教育基金会资助课题
关键词
环境容量
环境容量利用权
主体
客体
权能
environmental capacity
right to utilize environmental capacity
subject
object
function
