摘要
１９９０年～１９９５年在河南省沙区进行多点肥料田间试验，采用正交旋转设计和单形重心设计，探讨冬小麦的氮肥效益与降水量、土壤有机质含量、有机肥和磷肥施用量的关系以及氮肥的施肥期结构。研究表明，冬小麦对氮肥的边际效益随施肥量增加而减小，在其它因子为中等条件时，最高产量和最大肥料经济效益的施氮量分别为２６８ｋｇ／ｈｍ２和２１３ｋｇ／ｈｍ２，相应产量分别为４５７５ｋｇ／ｈｍ和４５５６ｋｇ／ｈｍ２。氮肥的边际效益随着降水量和土壤有机质含量的增加而减少，氮肥投入应向降雨量少、土壤肥力瘠薄的地区倾钭；氮肥的边际效益随着磷肥和有机肥投入量增加而增大，表明氮磷配合以及有机肥和无机肥配合是实现沙区小麦增产的关键。研究结果还表明，在有机肥和磷肥作底肥的基础上，不同生育期氮肥的优化分配比例应为越冬肥和拔节肥（或孕穗肥）各占１／２或底肥、越冬肥和拔节肥（或孕穗肥）各占１／３，其产量可达４９３２ｋｇ／ｈｍ２～５５３０ｋｇ／ｈｍ２。
The dispersal field fertilizer experiments, adopted orthogonal design and simplex barycentric design,were conducted in 7 counties in sandy region of Henan Province during 1990～1995 to investigate the relationship between nitrogen fertilizer efficiency of winter wheat and precipitation,organic matter content of soil, and the rate of manure and phosphate fertilizer applied and nitrogen fertilizer distribution among growth stages of winter wheat. The results showed that marginal efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer on winter wheat decreased with the increase of N application rate. When other factors were at medium rate,the application rates of nitrogen fertilizer for the maximum yield and the maximum commercial efficiency of fertilizer were 268 kgN/hm 2 and 213 kg N/hm 2 respectively, correspondingly the yields were 4 575 kg/hm 2 and 4 556 kg/hm 2 respectively. The marginal efficiency of fertilizer decreased with the increase of soil organic matter content and precipitation and yet increased with the dose of phosphate fertilizer and manure applied, so application of nitrogen fertilizer favoured more remarkably the region with low precipitation and poor soil, meanwhile it was the key to impliment the fertilization of combining nitrogen fertilizer with phosphate fertilizer and organic fertilizer with inorganic fertilizer. The results also showed that the optimum distribution of nitrogen fertilizer, on the basis of manure and phosphate fertilizer applied as initial dressing, among different stages should be 1/2 each between overwintering and jointing or booting stage or 1/3 each among basic dressing, overwintering and jointing or booting stage,and the yield could achieve 4932 kghm -2 ～5530 kghm -2 .
出处
《干旱地区农业研究》
CSCD
北大核心
1999年第1期29-34,共6页
Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas
基金
国家"八五"重点科技攻关项目
关键词
氮肥
冬小麦
经济效益
施肥期结构
河南
nitrogen
winter wheat
commercial efficiency
fertilizer distribution
sandy region
