摘要
浙江余姚河姆渡出土干栏式建筑木构件,在采用聚乙二醇(PEG)置换填充后存在着微生物侵害问题,为避免采用合成抗菌防霉防腐剂带来的环境污染问题,采用壳寡糖、儿茶素和纳米氧化锌对古木构件进行抗菌试验。采用经典方法对侵蚀微生物进行分离、鉴定,并对壳寡糖、儿茶素和纳米氧化锌的有效抑菌浓度进行研究。侵蚀软性材的细菌主要有铜绿假单孢菌、摩根摩根氏菌和气味黄杆菌,霉菌主要有木素木霉、土曲霉、灰绿曲霉、产黄青霉和无孢目丝核菌;侵蚀硬质材的细菌主要有鲁氏不动杆菌,霉菌主要有康宁木霉、烂木瓶孢霉、产黄青霉、展青霉、考氏头孢霉、细交链孢霉和无孢目丝核菌等。壳寡糖、儿茶素与纳米氧化锌的有效抑菌浓度分别为2.5%、10.0%和5.0%。10%儿茶素对4种主要细菌的抑菌能力大于2.5%壳寡糖和5.0%纳米氧化锌;2.5%壳寡糖对8种丝状真菌的抑菌能力大于10%儿茶素和5.0%纳米氧化锌。鉴于壳寡糖、儿茶素、纳米氧化锌对古木材微生物的选择性作用,考虑到危害河姆渡木材的微生物主要是霉菌,因此将2.5%壳寡糖作为首选的环保型生物抗菌剂。
An architectural wooden bar unearthed in Hemudu ,Yuyao,Zhejiang Province has suffered from disintegration caused by micro - organisms after earlier replacement and filling with polyethylene glycol （PEG）. The antimierobial effects of ehitooligo saecharide, cateehin and zinc oxide nanoparticles on those ancient wooden structures were tested,with the aim of avoiding the environmental issue resulting from synthetic preservatives. The classical method of separation and identification of destructive microbes was used,and the effective antimicrobial concentrations of chitooligo saccharide,catechin,and zinc oxide nanoparticles were investigated. The bacteria which damage ancient soft timber include Pseudomonas aeruginosa ,Morganella morganii and Flavabacterium oboratum. Fungi include mainly Trichoderma lignorum ,Aspergillus terreus ,Aspergillus glaucus , Penicillium chrysogenum and Rhizoctonia solani ; The primary bacterium that damage ancient hard timber is Presumptive Acinetibacter lwoffii,fungi include Trichoderma koningii ,Phialophora richardsial, Penicillium chrysogenum,Penicillum patulum, Cephalosporium costantinii ,Alternaria tenuis and Rhizoctonia solani. The respective effective antimicrobial concentrations of chitooligo saccharide, catechin, and zinc oxide nanoparticles are 2.5%, 10.0% and 5.0%. The effectiveness of 10% catechin＇s against the four main types of destructive bacteria is greater than that of 2.5% chitooligo saccharide and 5.0% zinc oxide nanoparticles ;the inhibitory effect of 2.5% chitooligo saccharide toward eight kinds of filamentous fungi is greater than that of 10.0% catechin and 5.0% zinc oxide nanoparticles. Since chitooligo saccharide,catechin and zinc oxide nanoparticles show selective inhibitory effects against ancient timber microbes,and taking into account that the main harmful microbes to timber is fungi,2.5% ehitooligo saccharide is the preferred environment- friendly bio- antibacterial agent.
出处
《文物保护与考古科学》
2010年第1期60-64,共5页
Sciences of Conservation and Archaeology
关键词
河姆渡木材
微生物鉴定
壳寡糖
儿茶素
纳米氧化锌
环保抗菌
抑菌效果
Hemudu - timber
Microbes identification
Catechine
Chitooligo saccharide
Zinc oxide nanoparticles
Environment - friendly antimicrobial
Antimicrobial effectivenes
