摘要
对48个白皮小麦种质及2个红皮小麦种质连续3年测定结果,品种间收获前穗发芽率、籽粒发芽率及收获后种子休眠特性差异显著。穗发芽敏感性因年份和种子发育时期而异,开花后35～40天较敏感,品种间差异大。休眠期长短与穗发芽率间呈极显著负相关(平均r^2=0.6170)。收获后的种子α-淀粉酶活性、降落值,与穗发芽率间分别呈极显著正相关(r^2=0.4609)和极显著负相关(r^2=0.3014)。种子吸水率与穗发芽率间相关显著,但程度较低。颖壳浸提液对种子发芽有明显抑制作用,以浸种24小时较显著且品种间差异大。相对而言,抗穗发芽品种的抑制作用多大于敏感品种,但有的抗性品种没有明显的颖壳抑制作用。表明,白皮小麦抗穗发芽性是复杂的,休眠特性是其主要机制,α淀粉酶活性、降落值及颖壳内含物亦有一定作用,不同品种其抗性机制有所不同。
Fourty-eight white and 2 red wheat genotypes were evaluated for pre-harvest
sprouting on spikes and its resistance characteristics of cultivars in three crop seasons. Sprouting
percentage on spikes (SPS) and germination percentage of threshed grains (GPG) were mea
sured before harvesting, and seed dormancy period, alpha-amylase activity, falling number and
water uptake rate, and inhibition percentage of glume-extracts on seed germination were deter
mined after harvesting. There were significant varietal differences in SPS, GPG and dormancy
period. The sprouting susceptibility varied with years and stages of seed development. The
sprouting on spikes and its genotypic differences appeared to be more obvious at 35~40 days af
ter anthesis. Seed dormancy was closely associated with sprouting resistance, and the average of
correlation coefficients was -0.7855**. The correlation coefficients between sprouting percent
age and seed alpha-amylase activity, falling number and water uptake rate at 4 and 8 hours were
0. 6789**,-0. 5490**, 0. 3574* and 0. 4413*, respectively. The inhibition effect of glume-
extracts on seed germination was found, and its genotypic differences were especially clear at 24
hours after seed-soaking. Such effect in most resistant cultivars was greater than that in suscepti
ble cultivars, but it was not important for sprouting resistance in some resistant cultivars. It is in
dicated that sprouting resistance in white wheats is a complex character. Seed dormancy plays a
major role, and alpha-amylase activity, falling number and glume substances also have consider
able effects on the resistance expression. The resistance mechanism in different cultivars might be
not the same.
出处
《作物学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
1998年第6期793-798,共6页
Acta Agronomica Sinica
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(批准号39200069)
关键词
小麦
白皮种质
穗发芽
抗性机制
Wheat
White germplasm
Pre-harvest sprouting
Resistance mechanism
Correlation
