摘要
本研究试图运用社会学的"认受性"概念,建构一个分析类型化的框架,探讨中国体育体制的"认受性"变迁逻辑,探讨可能的体制创新。建国初期,体育体制面临攘外安内的社会环境,军事化色彩的全民体育体制,政治认受性和社会认受性较高;文化大革命时期,尤其是体育脱离世界奥林匹克大家庭,政治认受性削弱,"以劳代体"的群众体育使得体育的社会认受性降低;改革开放初期,在全球化的话语下,体育体制的政治认受性赋予新的意义,竞技体育成为中国登上国际舞台、向世界展示改革开放伟大成就的重要手段,并得到前所未有的强化,整个体育体制倚重竞技体育的"举国体制"。1995年前后,体育执政者还要重建社会认受性,全民健身计划启动,同时,面对追求经济增长的快速发展期,体育产业化势在必行,体育执政者的经济认受性初显;21世纪,单方面追求经济发展的全球危机出现,中国发展模式必须转向以建设"和谐社会"为最终目标的科学发展模式,执政党的认受性追求已经从"经济发展"转向"社会发展",增强人民体质必将成为体育体制的根本目标,扩大体育参与,才能更好地发展竞技体育。因此,如果坚持以单方面追求金牌为目标的竞技体育"举国体制",必然背离中央的"和谐发展"要求,违背增强体质的人民需求,政治认受性和社会认受性出现危机。此外,宏观的经济体制改革环境要求体育行业必须完成从行政指令、行政干预方式的体育经济发展模式,转向现代化的体育运营机制,促进体育资源整合、提高使用效率、拓宽体育投资渠道,如果体育体制坚持财政拨款,政府大把花钱,经济认受性遭到挑战。因此,体育体制改革必须应对政治、经济和社会认受性危机,及时做出适应性转变。
Abstract： This article tries to construct an analysis Framework by ＂Legitimacy＂ the core concept of sociology. It will explore the Legitimacy transformation logistic of Chinese sports system and possible institutional innovation. On the beginning of PRC, sports system were pressed by inter- nal disorder and foreign invasions from all sides, sports for all of military had a political and social Legitimacy. In the Period of Cultural Revolution, Chinese sports go out of world Olympics fami- ly. political Legitimacy decreased and worked in the field instead of sports system had a low social Legitimacy. On the beginning of reform and opening up, sports system had a new political legiti- macy under the pressure of globalization. Competitive Sports as a tool certificated Chinese the successful reform and opening up system to the world. National Sports System was strengthened in an unprecedented attention to China and lasted going on now. On the median nineties twenty century, Chinese government official responsible for the sports reconstructed the social legitimacy through the National Fitness for all program and economic legitimacy appeared under the national economic development background. In the 21 century, The Global Financial Crisis hit every corher in the world. In order to pursuit the legitimacy, Chinese governing party transfer economic development to the harmonious social development. Strengthen the people＇s fitness will be the sports system fundamental goal. Competitive Sports also base on the sports for all. Therefore the National Sports System just focus on the golden medal of Competitive Sports couldn＇t conform to sports harmonious development and betray the goal of strengthening all people＇s fitness. There will be the political and social legitimacy crisis. Besides, sports system must transfer the administrative commanding and intervention to modern sports economic operation style. Integrating sports resources, increasing the utilization rate and widening the financing channel is very important on economic legitimacy. China sports system transformation should be transferred when we are confront of the political, social, and economic legitimacy.
出处
《体育与科学》
CSSCI
北大核心
2010年第1期1-4,共4页
Sports & Science
关键词
体育体制
改革
合法性
逻辑
sports system
transformation
legitimacy
logistic
