摘要
在Wickens的人类信息加工模型的基础上,加入注意功能、情景意识、内部和外部操作成形因素,建立了管制员信息处理模型。按照该模型,空中交通管制人为差错可按照认知领域分为感知与警觉性差错、短时记忆差错、长时记忆差错、判断与计划差错、响应选择差错和响应执行差错;影响管制员操作的情境条件可分为外部操作成形因素和内部操作成形因素。对以往空管人为差错的分析表明,在信息加工层面分类的人为差错更宜于确定差错的心理致因。基于该理论模型的差错分类系统可以改进人为差错分析的有效性和一致性,从而提高差错管理的有效性。
An information-processing model for air traffic controllers based on Wickens＇information processing model is proposed by adding attention function, situation awareness, and internal and external performance shaping factors. Based on this model and according to the cognitive domains, Air traffic controller errors can be classified into perception and vigilance errors, shortterm memory errors, long-term memory errors, judging and planning errors, and response selection and execution errors. The contextual conditions that affect controller performance can be classified into internal performance shaping factors and external performance shaping factors. The analysis of historical human errors of air traffic controllers indicates that the classification of human errors at the level of information processing can more easily determine the psychological factors of human errors. This theoretical model-based classification system can improve the effectiveness and consistency of human error analysis.
出处
《中国安全科学学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2009年第8期121-125,共5页
China Safety Science Journal
关键词
空中交通管制(ATC)
人因工程
人为差错分析
人类信息加工
操作模型
操作成形因素
情景意识
air traffic control （ ATC ）
human engineering
human error analysis
human information processing
performance model
performance shaping factors
situation awareness
