摘要
光纤加速度传感器与传统加速度传感器相比，不但能抗电磁干扰，而且体小、质轻、动态范围宽、精度高、能在恶劣环境下工作，因此受到各先进国家军事与商业领域的极大重视，各种实用的光纤加速度传感器不断涌现。主要有光强调制型和相位调制型两大类。光强调制式有反射式、透射式和偏振式等等。相位调制式有Ｍａｃｈ－Ｚｅｎｄｅｒ干涉仪、Ｍｉｃｈｅｌｓｏｎ干涉仪和Ｆａｂｒｙ－Ｐｅｒｏｔ干涉仪。有一维的，也有二维的；有与水听器组合在一起的，也有与光纤陀螺仪组合的光纤加速度传感器。最小的已经做到２．５ｃｍ长，直径仅０．２５ｍｍ；测量精度已能达到１μｇ；共振频率可达到１０ｋＨｚ。为了克服温度不稳定性对测量精度的影响，人们采用了３×３耦合器解调法，双光路法，由单臂式改成推挽式等。一旦关键技术得以克服，光纤加速度传感器将会在惯性导航和其它领域发挥更重要的作用。本文将分别介绍目前各种类型光纤加速度传感器的结构、特点、走向实用化存在的问题。
Fiber Optic Accelerometer(FOA) offer a series of advantages, including small size and weight; immunity to electromagnetic interference; large dynamic range; high resolution and environmental ruggedness, in comparison with conventional accelerometers. So the interest on FOA has increased considerably in military and commercial fields in advanced countries. Recently many practical FOA have been researched. We divide FOA into general categories:intensity modulation, including reflection, transmission and polarization, and phase modulation, including Mach Zender Michelson and Fabry Perot. There are variable accelerometers, for example, one dimensional, two dimensional, combining with hydrophone or gyroscope. The smallest FOA is 2.5cm long and 0.25mm in diameter, the highest resolution is 10 -6 g and the largest resonance frequency is 10kHz. In order to overcome the effect by temperature instability, demodulation by 3×3 coupler, dual optical path, push pull sensor and etc are used. There is no doubt that FOA will play an important role in navigation and other fields, once the key technology is mastered. This paper is intended to give a systematic overview of the structures features of FOA, which has been mad in recent years.
出处
《光学技术》
CAS
CSCD
1997年第5期15-20,共6页
Optical Technique
关键词
光纤传感器
加速度计
相位调制
光强调制
Accelerometer, Fiber optic sensor, Intensity modulation, Phase modulation.
