摘要
本文通过对上海市气象台(位于市区龙华)近数十年气候资料前后时期的历史分析,并与同时期郊县气候记录对比,滤去区域气候因素的影响,结合上海城市发展的特征,发现由于城市人口密度、建筑物密度和能源消耗量等的快速增长,导致上海城市气候发生一定程度的变化.其最突出的表现是:城市热岛效应效著,城乡气温差别逐渐增大;城区风速和湿度渐次减小;雾日数和晴天日数减少,低云量和阴天日数增多;太阳直接辐射和总辐射减少,散射辐射和混浊因子加大.观测实践证明:上海“城市发展”这个人为因素对当地气候确实具有明显的影响.
Making use of the meteorological data obtained by Shanghai Central bservatory (located at urban area)covering a period about one hundred years and the data furnished by its near-by ten rural stations covering more than twenty years the author discusses the influences of Shanghai urban development on climate in recent decades.The obvious effects are found as following aspects: 1.The urban heat island effect is very remarkable and enhanced with years.Both the differences of annual mean temperature and the annual mean minimum temperature between Shanghai urban and rural areas gradually increased during the last 25 years (1960 ～1984).It is more obvious on annual mean minimum temperature than the annual mean temperature. 2.In Shanghai urban area the climatic trends are toward to lower wind velocity, lower humidity (including vapour pressure and relative humidity), fewer fog days and fine days but more cloudiness (especially low cloud amount) and overcast days (low cloud amount>8) during recent decades.At the same period the variation of these climatic elements over the rural stations exhibited different kinds of trends. 3.The evolution of annual solar radiation in Shabghai city during the last 28 years (1958～1985) shows that there is an acceleration in the decrease of direct solar radiation (S) but in the increase of diffuse radiation (D) and turbidity factor (D/S).The speed of increase of air turbidity factor is particularly significant.
出处
《华东师范大学学报（自然科学版）》
CAS
CSCD
1990年第4期64-73,共10页
Journal of East China Normal University(Natural Science)
基金
国家自然科学基金
关键词
城市热岛
城市发展
气候
上海
urban heat island vapour pressure relative humidity solar radiation turbidity factor
