摘要
背景：肥胖对健康的损害与脂肪分布有关，体质评价不仅要评价全身脂肪的数量，还要重视脂肪的分布。近年来体质量指数和腰臀比的评价在健康和体质研究领域越来越受到重视。目的：根据体质量指数和腰臀比进行体脂分型，观察体脂分布对身体机能和素质的影响。设计、时间及地点：横断面调查，于2005—07／08在福建师范大学体育科学学院及福建省体育科研所完成。对象：按整群随机抽样的原则从福州、厦门、三明3个城市中抽取20～59岁居民7614人，以10岁为1个年龄组。按照国内成年人体质量指数、腰臀比的分类标准分为外周型非超重组、中心型非超重组、外周型超重组及中心型超重组。方法：按照2005年国民体质监测工作手册的要求，对7614名成年人进行调查。项目包括年龄、性别、身高、体质量、腰围、臀围、收缩压、舒张压、肺活量、台阶指数、握力、背力、坐位体前屈、闭眼单脚站立、纵跳、俯卧撑、仰卧起坐和反应时。主要观察指标：观察不同体脂分布类型调查对象的血压变化、高血压患病率及机能、素质指标的总体变化；分析体质量指数、腰臀比与各指标的相关性。结果：①中心型超重组的收缩压、舒张压以及高血压患病率明显高于外周型超重组和外周型非超重组（P〈0．01）。②中心型超重组的台阶指数、坐位体前屈、闭眼单脚站立、纵跳、俯卧撑和仰卧起坐各指标显著低于外周型非超重组（P〈0．01）；中心型超重组的握力、背力显著高于外周型非超重组（P〈0．01）。③体质量指数、腰臀比与收缩压、舒张压和背力呈显著正相关（P〈0．01）：与坐位体前屈、纵跳、俯卧撑、仰卧起坐和单眼闭脚站立呈显著负相关（P〈0．01）。结论：成人体脂分布有性别以及身体机能、素质指标的差异，但总体以中心型超重组对身体机能、素质影响最大；即使是非超重组，中心型分布对机能、素质也产生一定的影响。
BACKGROUND： The obesity harm to health is related to fat distribution, physical fitness evaluation not only evaluates the quantity of total body fat, but also evaluates fat distribution. In recent years, body mass index and waist-hip ratio evaluation attracts more and more attentions in the health and physical fitness field. OBJECTIVE： To do body fat classification based on body mass index and waist-hip ratio and to observe the effects of body fat distribution on physical functions and quality. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： The cross-sectional study was done at the Physical Education Science Institute of Fujian Normal University and Fujian Institute of Sport Scientific Research between July 2005 and August 2005. SUBJECTS： 7 614 persons were randomly selected from inhabitants, 20-59 years, in Fuzhou, Xiamen and Sanming cities, every 10 years as a age group. They were divided into peripheral non-overweight group, central non-overweight group, peripheral overweight group and central overweight group according to the classification criteria of adult body mass index and waist-hip ration in China. METHODS：According to the regulations of National Physical Fitness Monitoring Directory in 2005, a survey was carried out among the adult aged 20-59 years in 3 cities of Fujian. The questionnaire included age, sex, body height, body mass, waist circumference, hip circumference, systolic blood pressure （SBP）, diastolic blood pressure （DBP）, vital lung capacity, steps index, grasp strength, dorsum strength, body anteflexion in sitting position, stand in one leg with eyes closed, vertical jump, push-up, sit-up and reaction time. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： Blood pressure change, overall change of physical function and quality indexes, and morbidity rate of hypertension in subjects with different body fat distribution types; correlation between body mass index, waist-hip ration and each index. RESULTS： Systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and morbidity rate of hypertension were markedly higher in the central overweight group than that in the peripheral overweight group and peripheral non-overweight group （P 〈 0.01）; steps index, body anteflexion in sitting position, stand in one leg with eyes closed, vertical jump, push-up and sit-up were markedly lower in the central overweight group than that in the peripheral non-overweight group （P 〈 0.01）; grasp strength and dorsum strength were markedly higher in the central overweight group than that in the peripheral non-overweight group （P 〈 0.01）; body mass index and waist-hip ration were positively correlated with systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure and dorsum strength （P 〈 0.01）, and were negatively correlated with body anteflexion in sitting position, vertical jump, push-up, sit-up and stand in one leg with eyes closed （P 〈 0.01）. CONCLUSION： Adult body fat distribution has differences in gender and physical function and quality indexes, but totally body fat distribution of subjects in the central overweight group has the maximum effect on the physical function and quality; even in the central non-overweight group, the central distribution of body fat also has certain influence on the physical function and quality.
出处
《中国组织工程研究与临床康复》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2008年第33期6550-6553,共4页
Journal of Clinical Rehabilitative Tissue Engineering Research
基金
“2005年福建省三城市国民体质现状监测及分析”福建省科技厅计划项目(2005D057)~~
