摘要
研究了塑料大棚内的光照强度、气温、地温、CO2浓度及氮肥施量5个环境因子5水平的处理组合对春季早熟苋菜栽培营养品质与外观品质的影响。结果表明,苋菜体内硝酸盐含量由低到高的次序为A<B<C<D<E,后4者分别比处理A提高了15.17%,27.16%,35.37%和45.68%,大棚条件下硝酸盐含量与光强呈显著负相关,与氮肥水平呈显著正相关。VC和花青素含量由高到低次序皆为A>B>C>D>E,其中VC含量后4者比处理A分别减少了11.7%,18.4%,31.3%和32.4%,在处理A、B内,随氮肥水平提高VC含量增加,其余处理氮水平间变化不大。花青素含量分别减少了18.6%,23.5%,39.2%和52.9%,在各处理内随氮水平提高而增加,变化幅度较大。不同处理粗纤维和还原糖含量变化呈现相同趋势:B>A>C>D>E,但不同氮水平间变化趋势两者相反。光照强度显著或极显著地影响各品质指标的变化,是春季大棚早熟苋菜栽培能否获得优质的首要因子。综合评判各环境因子组合,B组(0网1膜,平均光强17 800 lx,地温21.2℃,气温23.5℃和CO2浓度1 500μmol/mol)在施氮水平为N5(300 kg/hm2)时,可以实现苋菜的优质栽培。
The experiment was carried out during early spring to study the effect of environmental factors （sunlight intensity, air temperature, soil temperature, carbon dioxide concentration and nitrogen fertilizer amount） on chemical composition and appearance （market quality） of Amaranthus tricolor under high plastic tunnel. Resuits showed a significantly positive correlation of nitrate content with nitrogenous level and negative with sunlight. Comparative analysis of treatments with control A （no net and no film）, it was found that a significant increase in percent nitrate content of 15.17% in treatment B （no net and one layer film） followed by 27.16% in treatment C （one layer net and one film）, 35.37% in treatment D （two layers net and one film） and 45.68% in treatment E （three layers net and one film）. Vitamin C and anthocyanidin content were increased quite significantly with the increased sunlight. When compared with control （treatment A）, a percent decrease was observed in vitamin C content （11.7%, 18.4%, 31.3% and 32.4%） and anthocyanidin （18.6%, 23.5%, 39.2% and 52.9%） in treatment B, C, D and E, respectively. High level of nitrogen in soil markedly increased vitamin C content in treatment A and B, while anthocyanidin increased significantly among different treatments. The maximum amount of crude cellulose and reducing sugar content was found in treatment B followed by treatments A, C, D and E. It was also noted that the crude cellulose increased with high nitrogen level contrary to sugar content which decreased with increased nitrogen level in soil. After analyzing all treatments and their interaction it is concluded that the A. tricolor performs best （growth and quality traits） in treatment B. Sunlight intensity was a main limiting factor for A. tricolor growth and yield quality during early spring under high plastic tunnel. The environmental factors which favors A. tricolor growth and yield quality parameters was sunlight intensity （17 800 lx）, soil temperature （21. 2℃）, air temperature （23. 5℃） and CO2 concentration （1 500 μmol/mol） combined with 300 kg/hm^2 soil nitrogen.
出处
《草业学报》
CSCD
2008年第2期54-60,共7页
Acta Prataculturae Sinica
基金
安徽科技学院稳定人才自然科学基金项目(ZRC200433)资助
关键词
环境因子
苋菜
大棚栽培
品质
environmental factors
Amaranthus tricolor
cultured under high plastic tunnel
quality
