摘要
为研究茶蚜蜜露的分泌节律及对蚜茧蜂、中华草蛉、大草蛉、门氏食蚜蝇、七星瓢虫、异色瓢虫二斑变型、显现变种、显明变种和十九斑变种的引诱效应,在21℃、85%RH、3500lx光照和12L∶12D光周期下,把1头无翅胎生雌成蚜在1h内产出的45头无翅胎生雌若蚜分别引至小茶苗上,观测发育,收集蜜露。发现若蚜和成蚜历期为32.4d±5.8d,分泌蜜露325.6滴±35.8滴,体积为41.98μl±6.14μl,质量为45.34mg±8.76mg。1～4龄期间的蜜露量与天数呈Logistic关系。其中1～2龄期分泌的蜜露量较小。成蚜历期22.0d±0.0d,分泌蜜露176.31滴±22.38滴,体积30.38μl±5.32μl,连续分泌5～8h之后间歇2～5h。另取一头雌成蚜在1h内产出的、已发育为成蚜的45头雌成蚜,在13～21℃、85%RH、3500lx光照和12L∶12D光周期下观测,发现室温的升降明显影响蜜露分泌量。蜜露显著延长9种(亚种)天敌昆虫搜寻时间;随着蜜露剂量的增大,搜寻时间显著地延长。蚜茧蜂搜寻时间最长,门氏食蚜蝇最短,异色瓢虫4变种(型)中,显明变种搜寻时间最长。茶蚜蜜露是重要的引诱多种天敌的接触性利它素。
The rhythm of honeydew excretion by the tea aphid [ （ Toxoptara aurantii （Boyer） ] and its attraction to following nine species （or subspecies） of beneficial insects, Aphidius sp., Chrysopa sinica Tjeder, Chrysopa septempunctata Wesmael, Sphaerophoria menthastri L., Coccinella septempunctata L., Leis axyridis （Pallas） ab. bimaculata Hemmelmann, L. axyridis （Pallas） ab. conspicua Faldermaenn, L. axyridis （Pallas） var. spectabilis Faldermaenn, and L. axyridis （Pallas） var. novemdecimpunctata Faldermaenn, were investigated. Forty-five wingless virginoparae nymphs, reproduced by the same wingless virginogenia adult within 1 h, were introduced onto tea seedlings with one aphid per seedling. The honeydews excreted from different instars of nymphs and adults were collected under 21℃, 85% RH, 3500 lux and 12 L： 12 D photoperiod. It took 32.4 d ± 5.8 d for the tested tea aphids to complete the development of their nymph and adult stages, during which 325.6 ± 35.8 droplets （ ca. 41.98 μl ± 6.14 ±l and 45.34 mg ± 8.76 mg） of honeydews were secreted. During 1 st and 4th instars, there was a logistic regression relationship between the amount of honeydews excreted and the time （days）. The honeydew secretion during the first two instars was less than that from the later instars. Adult aphids survived for 22.0 d ± 0.0 d, and excreted 176.31 ± 22.38 droplets （ ca. 30.38 μl ± 5.32 μl） of honeydews in a rate of 1 drop per ca. 30 -- 50 min for 5 -- 8 h and with a pause for 2 -- 5 h before next secretion series. A batch of forty-five virginoparae female adults, reproduced by the same virginoparae female adult within 1 h, were introduced onto the tea seedlings （one aphid/seedling） under 13 --21℃, 85% RH, 3500 lx and 12 L： 12 D photoperiod. Temperature showed a significant effect on the amounts of honeydews excreted within the range of 13 --21℃. Honeydews excreted by the aphids significantly increased searching time of the tested nine species of natural enemies in a positive dose-response fashion. The searching times of Aphidius sp. and S. menthastri were the longest and the shortest, respectively, among all the nine species, while the searching time of L. axyridis （Pallas） var. spectabilis was the longest among the four varieties of L. axyridis. Tea aphid honeydew is considered as an important contact kairomone for the tested natural enemies.
出处
《生态学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2007年第9期3637-3643,共7页
Acta Ecologica Sinica
基金
中国农业科学研究院杰出人才科研基金资助项目(2002-382)
浙江省重点资助项目(2004C22040)~~
关键词
茶蚜蜜露
蚜茧蜂
草蛉
食蚜蝇
瓢虫
利它素
Tea aphid honeydew
Aphidius sp.
lacewing
syrphid
ladybeetle
kairomone
