摘要
化疗护士在护理行为中,与化疗药物接触机会甚多,化疗药物有可能经过皮肤接触、呼吸道吸入和经口吞食等途径侵入机体。轻者引起皮肤黏膜反应,重者引起畸胎、异位妊娠和流产,甚至若干年后有可能发生癌症。从事化疗的护理人员,发生职业危险的原因：①医院管理模式滞后,防护设施匮乏;②护士自我防护意识较差,缺乏行之有效的防护管理制度;③护士专业技术水平偏低,对化疗药危害性认识不足;④长期繁重的工作,重复性夜班,加之肿瘤科这个特殊的工作环境,容易造成护理人员机体抵抗力下降;⑤对抗肿瘤药物的废弃物的管理存在问题,可能出现药液对环境的污染。为有效地避免或减少职业危险,从事化疗的医疗单位,应有严格、有效的防护措施及管理制度：①建立完善化疗管理体系,提供有利于健康工作环境;②强化安全质量教育,提高护理安全防护意识;③提供化疗服务时,认真进行环境因素和作业风险评估;④加强发生职业暴露后的支持系统建设。
During the chemotherapy nursing, the nurses had a lot of possibilities to contact with chemotherapy drugs, which could invade bodies through skin, respiration tract and oral ingestion, causing skin and mucosa reactions, serious teratogenie, ectopic pregnancy and abortion, and even cancer possibly a few years later. The reasons that chemotherapy nurses had occupational hazards were ： ①Protection instruments were not enough and management was out - of - day ; ② The sense of self- protection of nurses and effective protection and management in hospital were lacked ; ③Nurses were short of professional knowledge to handle with different chemoth erapeutic agents ;④The longtime of hard work and night shift as well as the special work environment in the tumor department easily reduced nurses resistant ability; ⑤The problems in the management of the waste antineoplastic drugs may cause environmental pollution. To effectively prevent or reduce occupational hazards. The medical department engaged in chemotherapy should have strict protective measures and effective management system ： ①establishment and improvement of chemotherapy management system and the healthy work environment; ②Enhancing professional safety education and improvement the sense of self-protection in nurses; ③Making environmental factors and operational risk assessment during chemotherapy; ④Enhancing the support system for occupational exposure to hazard.
出处
《国际护理学杂志》
2007年第7期704-706,共3页
international journal of nursing
关键词
药物化疗
职业危险
管理对策
Chemotherapy
Occupational hazard
Management
