摘要
研究了北京褐潮土13年长期定位不同施肥制度夏玉米生物产量和籽粒产量特性,主要结果:(1)长期N、P、K化肥配合(NPK处理)以及N、P、K化肥与有机肥或秸秆配合施用(NPKM与NPKS处理),生物产量和籽粒产量表现稳定且持续高产;(2)长期N、P、K化肥非平衡施肥的处理(NP、N、NK、PK处理)以及不施肥的CK,夏玉米生物产量和籽粒产量连年持续下降,植株矮小、瘦弱,甚至出现发育停滞现象。氮磷钾缺乏其中任何一种元素,都会造成植株和籽粒发育障碍,影响生物和籽粒产量。
In order to analyze the relation of soil nutrition in different fertilization systems and yield of summer maize, chosen summer maize variety of Tangkang 5, the article studied the organism yield and seed yield characters of 13 years＇ different long-term fertilization systems in fluvo-aquic soil of Beijing. The main results are as follows： （1） Organism yield and seed yield of balanced fertilization systems such as NPK, NPKM and NPKS treatments were steady and higher continuously. Seed yield of all treatments was in the descending sequence： NPKM〉NPKS〉NPK〉NP〉PK〉NK〉CK〉N. At the same time, there were significant differences in plant height, yield of dry matter, properties of ear （ear length, bald length, grain numbers per ear, grain weight per 1000 kernel）. （2） Organism yield and seed yield of long-term imbalanced fertilization systems such as NP, N, NK, PK and CK decreased continuously in successive years, and the plant were dwarfism and spareness, so much as the growth of plant stagnated. Absence of anyelements of N, P, K would engender the development hindrance of plant and seed, and affected the yield of organism and seed. It is because the imbalanced fertilization resulted in the lower source capacity and sink size.
出处
《中国农学通报》
CSCD
2007年第2期167-171,共5页
Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin
基金
"十五"国家科技重大攻关项目"无公害优质玉米关键技术集成与产业化示范"(2002BA516A13)
农业科技跨越计划"优质夏玉米生产关键技术试验示范与产业化开发"(农财发[2003]19号)
973前期研究专项"中国农田养分非均衡化与土壤健康功能衰退研究"(2001CCB00800)
国家自然基金"不同施肥制度土壤功能衰退机理与修复原理"(30471012)
中国农科院杰出人才基金资助项"目中国农田土壤质量监测预警研究"
关键词
长期定位施肥
夏玉米
产量特性
Fluvo-aquic soil of Beijing
different fertilization systems
Summer maize
Yield characters
