摘要
结合哈尔滨的实际情况,从物种、生境以及景观角度对哈尔滨城市野生动物管理技术和策略进行了探讨,并指出:对一些重要的城市野生动物栖息地,应建立城市保护区,维持野生动物种群数量;利用种群增长曲线,采用隔离、避孕等方法对部分增长过快的物种数量进行控制,以提高群落内部的物种多样性,并按干扰等级进行分级管理,解决城市发展与维持城市野生动物多样性之间的矛盾;选取代理种对群落进行管理,使监测的结果更准确;对于外来种的养殖和贸易应建立许可证制度,根据城市环境质量的改善和栖息地生境质量的提高,还可以进行重引入的尝试,在此过程中应引进更多的三级消费者,以填补生态位中的空缺;结合城市野生动物的特点管理生境,以满足不同时期野生动物的要求,为野生动物提供多种隐蔽资源;加强斑块间的廊道建设,增强城市绿地的连接度,减轻破碎化对生物多样性带来的不利影响,在有限的生境内支持更多的野生动物。
A study was conducted to approach the techniques and strategies for urban wildlife management from three aspects including species, habitat and landscape based on the status of Harbin. It is suggested that some important habitats should be set up as urban reserves to maintain wildlife populations, and population rising curve could be used to control some over-producing populations by separation and contraception. Disturbance is also an important concern in management, which helps to increase the community biodiversity by imposing some necessary disturbance. The management strategy based on disturbance gradients could settle the contradiction between the development of city and the maintenance of biodiversity. The selection of surrogate species is a shortcut for community management, and a group of indicator species could assure to obtain a more accurate monitoring result. A permit mechanism for the feeding and trading of alien species should be established, and the species reintroduction could be made with the improvement of urban environment and the melioration of habitat quality, and the introduction of more third class carnivores could fulfill niche vacancy of urban ecosystem. The management of habitat should take into consideration the characteristics of urban wildlife so as to meet the need of wildlife in different periods and to provide various cover resources. Corridors between patches should be built to minimize the influence of landscape fragment and heighten the landscape connectivity of urban greenbelts, which would be helpful to support more wildlife in the limited habitat area.
出处
《东北林业大学学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2006年第5期89-92,共4页
Journal of Northeast Forestry University
