摘要
立足于中国农村经营制度变迁过程,以家庭经营的“规模有效性”和“有限理性、追求效用最大化”为前提,对目前盛行的“龙头企业+农户”的组织模式给予效率比较,以“声誉机制”或专用性投资来产生商品契约的稳定性,会导致龙头企业对农民的强力支配和非合作状态,抢夺“合作剩余”,剥夺农户利益。对此,农户迫切需要成立自己的经济利益体———合作社,以寻求市场力量均衡,改变弱势地位,实现和保障自己的利益。在肯定强制性变迁的同时,应强调农民“自己作主”,而“农业合作社+农户”会提高群体的社会谈判能力,解决农村制度创新的瓶颈。
After a period of rapid development, the rural society has become complex. The farmers＇ needs of public goods, such as social security, education, infrastructures, are increasingly emerging. Rural social security system is distempered. The numbers of no-land-farmers and surplus labor force are increasing. How can farmers vindicate their benefit as ebbcolony？ A cooperative group is an autonomous league with people coming together out of their own will, satisfying their collective economic and social demands by having and managing their own corporations. It is a cooperative economic organization built-up by farmers for their own benefit. It is different from general organizations that are in pursuit of profit only. Cooperative groups return all incomes to the members. The chief purpose is to supply special assistance to the members. This paper looks back on the development of cooperative theories. It focuses on the Chinese rural institutional change. （1） It discusses the usefulness of family scale management, and emphasizes that it is necessary to keep family work independent. Scale management is not helpful in improving agricultural productivity, as agriculture is not a scale benefit industry. （2） In the incomplete market, we can only analyze farmer＇s behavior by hypothesis of avail maximization and exact risk minimization. This hypothesis finds a new explanation to solve problems that puzzle cooperation theories, such as ＂pick-up＂, ＂lack of encouragement＂. The paper compares the pattern of firms combined with farmers with the pattern of cooperative groups combined with farmers. It analyzes the non-cooperation caused by the pattern of firms combined with farmers. Farmers, for the sake of balance in the market, equal political and economic benefits, and changes in their positions, demand cooperative groups urgently. This emphasizes the need to let the farmers ＂make their own decisions＂ and establish community cooperative groups that may enhance their social consciousness and political abilities. Cooperative groups as a social economic organization based on unconstraint and mutual benefit are intended for farmers to improve their living and working conditions. Self-defense, self-help, interdependence are its functions. Besides the economic function, cooperative groups also have social and cultural functions. The process of Chinese rural institutional innovation needs some groups to represent the farmer＇s interests, to express the farmer＇s wishes.
出处
《浙江大学学报（人文社会科学版）》
CSSCI
2006年第4期98-107,共10页
Journal of Zhejiang University:Humanities and Social Sciences
关键词
合作社
农户
龙头企业
农村制度变迁
组织模式抉择
Cooperative groups
Farmers
Leading firm
The country institutional change
The choice of organization mode
