摘要
目的探讨我国儿童自我调控能力的发展特点。方法以18—36个月和3～6岁儿童为研究对象，采用儿童早期行为问卷（ECBQ）和儿童行为问卷（CBQ）分别评价不同年龄儿童的注意集中、努力控制和冲动性。Achenbach儿童行为量表评价儿童的总体的行为问题。结果18～36个月儿童114人，3～6岁儿童413人纳入统计。（1）18～36个月和3～6岁儿童，努力控制中的注意集中的内部一致性Alpha值分别为0．89和0．75，抑制性控制的Alpha值分别为0．74和0．78，自我调控发展的Alpha值分别为0．84和0．94。（2）18—36个月儿童的努力控制和自我调控发展的性别差异无统计学意义；3～6岁儿童，女孩努力控制的得分高于男孩，女孩自我调控发展除调控动机各因子和总分均高于男孩，差异有统计学意义。（3）3～6岁儿童的自我调控能力随年龄增长而增强，差异有统计学意义。（4）注意集中和抑制性控制与自我调控发展水平呈显著正相关，偏相关系数分别为0．52和0．64（P〈0．001）。（5）3—6岁儿童冲动性、行为问题得分与注意集中、抑制性控制及自我调控发展总分呈较低水平的负相关。结论自我调控能力有性别差异，但在3岁以前差异无统计学意义，除调控动机外，女孩的自我调控能力高于男孩。儿童自我调控能力随年龄而增加。自我调控能力越低，冲动和行为问题越高，但为低水平相关。
Objective To study the development of self-regulation competence and its relationship with behavioral problems in Chinese children with the method of questionnaire assessment. Methods The subjects of the study consisted of 18 to 36 months old toddlers and 3 to 6 years old children. Self-regulation competence in this study included effortful control and self-regulation development. Effortful control is the concept described in Rothbart theory. Attentional focus and inhibitory control were two components in effortful control, which mainly reflect the positive control of emotion and behavior. The Early Childhood Behavior Questionnaire （ECBQ） and Children＇s Behavior Questionnaire （CBQ） were adopted to assess the attentional focus and inhibitory control of effortful control and impulsivity in children at different ages. Achenbach＇s Children Behavioral Checklist was used to measure behavioral problems in three to five years old children. Results Totally 114 18 to 36 months old toddlers and 443 3 to 6 years old children were enrolled in data analysis. （ 1 ） The internal consistency of attentional focus in ECBQ and CBQ, alpha （Cronbach） value was respectively 0. 89 and 0. 75. The internal consistency of inhibitory control, alpha value was respectively 0. 84 and 0. 78. The alpha value of self-regulation development was respectively 0. 84 and 0. 94. （2） In 18 to 36 months old toddlers, there was no significant difference between genders in effortful control and self-regulation development. In 3 to 6 years old children, the score of girls＇ efforfful control was higher than the score of boys＇ efforfful control, the scores of girls＇ self-regulation development factor except regulation motion were significantly higher than boys （ t = 4. 27and 11.14, P 〈 0. 05 or P 〈 0. 01 ）. （3） The self-regulation competence including attentional focus, inhibitory control and all the factors in self-regulation development was significantly higher with age in three to six years old children（ F =2. 9 - 10. 16,P 〈0. 05 or P 〈0. 01 ）. Children in this period already had some regulation skills. The development of regulation competence and regulation skill was not on the same step. Some were fast and some were slow. （4） The scores of attention focus and inhibitory control had significantly positive correlation with the general score of self-regulation development, the coefficient of partial correlation analysis was 0.52 and 0. 64, respectively （P 〈 0. 001 ）. （5） The impulsivity had no significant correlation with self-regulation competence in 18 to 36 months old toddlers. The scores of impulsivity and behavioral problems scores had significantly negative correlation with attentional focus, inhibitory control and self-regulation development in 3-to-6 years old children. The coefficients were at low level, none was beyond - 0. 30 （ P 〈 0. 001 ）. Conclusions Effortful control or self-regulation had sex differences, girls had higher competence than boys, except motivation of self-regulation. But such sex differences did not show significant difference in children younger than three years of age in this study. This phenomenon is consistent with the development of self-regulation reported by Kopp. Child self-regulation competence increases with age. Generally speaking, the lower self- regulation competent, the higher impulsivity and behavioral problems, but the correlation was at a low level. For assessment and prediction of occurrence of behavioral problems, self-regulation competence should be combined with the other influential factors.
出处
《中华儿科杂志》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2006年第1期31-36,共6页
Chinese Journal of Pediatrics
基金
上海市重点学科建设资助项目(TO204)
上海交通大学医学院自然科学研究基金项目(04XJ21026)
关键词
儿童行为
注意力
冲动行为
自我心理学
问卷
Child behavior
Attention
Impulsive behavior
Self psychology
Questionnaires
