摘要
目的了解大中专学生儿童期被教师体罚经历,探讨教师体罚学生的影响因素及儿童期教师体罚经历与青少年心理问题的关联。方法对河北1所大学和1所中专的528名在校学生就有关儿童期虐待经历进行回顾性不记名自填式问卷调查。结果57.6%(304/528)的学生报告16岁前受到至少1次下列5项中的1项来自学校教师的体罚:非身体接触体罚53.4%(282/528)、徒手打16.1%(85/528)、用物品打10.2%(54/528)、限制活动0.2%(1/528),没有学生报告教师曾使其窒息/烧烫/刺伤。与没有教师体罚经历的学生相比,儿童期有2项或2项以上教师体罚经历的学生其SCL-90量表中躯体症状、强迫症状、人际关系敏感、抑郁、焦虑、敌对、偏执、精神病性症状等因子均分和总均分均明显偏高;在过去1年里出现严重忧郁情绪、饮酒醉过、参与或卷入打架斗殴的比例以及目前吸烟等的发生率偏高。结论儿童被教师体罚现象较普遍。儿童期教师体罚经历与青少年心理问题显著相关。急需提高公众对儿童权利的意识,学校要为儿童营造一个友好的学习环境。
Objective To ascertain the prevalence of childhood corporal punishment by teachers in students, to explore the influencing factors and associations between childhood corporal punishment and psychological problems. Methods Five hundred and twenty-eight students from a college and a technical secondary school in Hebei province were surveyed by self-administered questionnaire anonymously in Dec. 2004. The questionnaire used for this survey mainly included （ 1 ） general demographic information; （2） 5 forms of childhood corporal punishments, in this study, cases of teachers＇ corporal punishments were defined as those who answered positively one or more of the 5 questions relating to childhood corporal punishment by school teachers occurring before the age of 16 years; （3） Symptom Checklist-90 （SCL-90） ; （4） Youth Risk Behaviours. Results Overall, 57.6% of students reported having been corporally punished at least one time, one of four forms of corporal punishment by teachers before age of 16 years, the four forms corporal punishment were non-contact corporal punishment, e. g , running for punishment, repeatdoing homework many times for punishment, standing for punishment, kneel down for punishment, not allowing to eat, sending outside in winter, etc. （53.4%）, hitting/kicking/pushing very hard with open hands/fist/feet/other part of body （ 16. 1% ）, beating with an object （ 10. 2% ）, and locking in a small compartment/tying with rope （0. 2% ）. No students reported having been choked, or burned/scalded, or stabbed with a sharp object by the teachers. Males had a significantly higher overall prevalence rate than females （66. 4%vs. 46. 6%, X^2 = 21.01, P = 0. 000）. There was no statistically significant association between a history of childhood corporal punishment and the three other demographic indicators, which included residence region （rural and non-rural area） prior to 16 years of age, parental education level, and whether the respondent lived in a single or multiple children family. Compared with their peers who had not experienced childhood corporal punishment by teachers, the students with two or more forms of corporal punishments by teachers showed significantly higher scores （punished group vs. unpunished group） of psychological symptoms of somatization （0. 78 vs. O. 42）, obsessiveness （ 1.22 vs. 0. 98 ）, interpersonal sensitivity （1.24 vs. 0.89）, depression （1.06 vs. 0.76）, anxiety （0.90 vs. 0.64）, hostility （1.11 vs. 0. 68） ,paranoid ideation （1.11 vs. 0. 71 ） and psychoticism （0. 84 vs. 0. 56）, and showed significantly higher rates in sadness （54. 7% vs. 26. 3% ）,drunk （37. 2% vs. 20. 1% ）, involving in physical fighting （ 15.1% vs. 3.6% ） in the past year and current smoking （ 36.0% vs. 14. 5% ）. Conclusions The problem of corporal punishment by teachers is common in schools, and the problem has a significant correlation with youth mental health problems. The results highlighted urgent needs to increase public awareness on children rights, creating learning-friendly environment in school.
出处
《中华儿科杂志》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2006年第1期26-30,共5页
Chinese Journal of Pediatrics
关键词
学生
犯罪受害者
惩罚
精神卫生
回顾性研究
Students
Crime victims
Punishment
Mental health
Retrospective studies
