摘要
2004--2005年汽车排放和油品规格的发展均升级到一个新阶段。美国、欧洲和日本相继在2004--2005年实施新的排放法规，相应的燃料与润滑油均升级。欧、美、日均要求在2004--2005年汽油与柴油中的硫含量不超过50μg／g。同时润滑油规格也上升到一个新阶段。2004年美国出台了OF～4／SM，进一步对磷进行了限制，首次提出了硫含量不超过0．5％。柴油机油方面出台了CI-4^＋。欧洲出台了ACEA-2004新规格，日本在2005年出台了DH-2／DL-1新规格均首次提出了对硫、磷、灰分的限制。它们是今后4～5年间主要使用的规格。它们的出现对基础油添加剂都带来巨大影响，Ⅰ类基础油受到限制，会更多地使用非常规油，ZDDP也将减少，而会大量使用非硫、磷的抗氧剂、抗磨剂而导致油品成本大幅增加。由于对使用后油低温泵送性的限制，半结晶OCP使用将有局限。又由于柴油机使用微粒过滤器而使清净剂要降低灰分并希望不含硫、磷。
During 2004 and 2005, the development of vehicle emission standards and lube oil specifications reached a new stage. US, Europe and Japan implemented new emission legislations during 2004 and 2005 which resulted in the upgrade of corresponding fuels and luhe oils. US, Europe and Japan all required the sulfur content in gasoline and diesel to he no higher than 50μg/g during 2004 and 2005. In the meantime, luhe oil specifications were also upgraded to a new stage. In 2004, the US started GF - 4/SM which further limited the phosphorus content while the sulfur content was first time limited to no higher than 0.5 %. For diesel luhe oils, CI - 4 ＋ was introduced. Europe implemented ACEA- 2004 new specifications. Japan implemented DH - 2/DL - 1 new specifications in 2005, both having limits on sulfur, phosphorus and ash for the first time. These will he the key specifications to he used in the next 4 to 5 years. They will have significant impacts on luhe oils and luhe additives： the usage of Group Ⅰ base oils will he limited, more usage of non- conventional base oils, lexs usage of ZDDP, and increased usage of non- sulfur, non - phosphorus antioxidants and antiwear agent; leading to significantly higher luhe oil costs. Due to the requirement of low temperature pumpahility for the used oils, the usage of semi - crystalline OCP will he limited. Because diesel engines use particulate filters, detergents with lower ash and free of sulfur and phosphorus must he developed.
出处
《润滑油》
CAS
2006年第1期1-8,共8页
Lubricating Oil
关键词
汽车排放
规格
排放法规
添加剂
vehicle emission
specification
emission legislation
additive
