摘要
对长江三角洲地区搜集的泥炭、贝壳砂堤、埋藏古树的测年数据 ,新石器时代考古遗址点的测年资料以及海拔高程等的分析表明 :新石器时代人类的生产和生活与生态环境变迁有密切关系 ,表现出人类活动对环境变迁的适应。马家浜时期气候潮湿 ,地面水域扩大 ,房屋大多以干栏式为主 ,而且遗址大多分布在山坡和湖汊岸边稍高的岗地、土墩上 ;崧泽文化期湖泊沼泽比较多 ,遗址多建于河湖间高爽处 ;良渚文化时期泥炭埋藏点的分布较马家浜与崧泽文化时期少 ,而且距离湖泊较远 ,表明当时地理环境有所好转 ,适宜人类生活的空间变得更为宽广 ,遗址的分布开始分散。对古遗址高程以及埋藏古树、泥炭14 C年龄数据统计分析结果表明 ,新石器时代人类居住高程与地面水域扩张和缩小状况相一致。同时 ,研究结果也表明影响人们居住地高低的因素较多 ,先人们的“择高而居”在某种程度上也只是部分地防止海水倒灌及台风和洪水灾害的侵害而采取的一种解决手段 ,而不是全部 。
Collection and analysis were performed on dating data of peat, shells, fossil trees and the dating data and altitude of the Neolithic sites in the Yangtze River delta. The research results indicate that there exists close correlation between human activities and the environmental changes, showing the human adaptation to the climatic changes. Climate during the Majiabang cultural period was humid and warm. The expansion of ground surface water led to the appearance of pole-supported houses. People chose higher positions to live in to avoid negative impacts from excessive precipitation and humid environmental conditions. This also occurred in the Songze cultural periods. The scarce distribution of the peat points during the Songze cultural period indicated a relatively cool and dry climate condition. This was profitable for shrinking of ground surface water area. The large area of exposed land provided enough space for human activities. Analysis performed on altitude of the Neolithic cultural sites and the ()^(14)C data of the buried paleo-trees and peat demonstrated that the height of human living places was in close relation to the expansion and shrinking of the ground surface water area. And at the same time, the driving factors impacting the height of the human living places were numerous and various. The living-high style was just a countermeasure partly for preventing the negative impacts such as typhoon, storm tide and flood disasters. Religious ceremony and superstitious activities and faiths served as part of the human′s living-high during the Neolithic cultural periods.
出处
《海洋地质与第四纪地质》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2004年第4期9-15,共7页
Marine Geology & Quaternary Geology
基金
中国博士后基金
中国科学院王宽诚博士后教育基金
中国科学院知识创新工程重要方向项目 (KZCX3 SW 3 3 1)
中国科学院南京地理与湖泊研究所知识创新工程所长专项基金(SS2 2 0 0 0 7)
