摘要
长江中游地区是我国长江产业带的腹地和承东启西的重要地区。进入20世纪90年代以来,长江中游地区的洪水屡屡成灾,经济损失越来越大。尽管洪涝灾害的发生与气象、地貌等自然条件密不可分,但人类不合理的土地开发利用对洪涝灾害的影响不容忽视。通过定性与定量相结合的方法分析了洪水位、河流湖泊的调蓄能力、洪涝灾害的经济损失等与土地开发利用的关系,论述了长江中游地区土地利用,特别是围湖造田、围垦江洲、分蓄洪区的开发等,与洪涝灾害的关系,指出长江中游地区不合理的土地利用所引起的河湖调蓄能力的下降是加剧中游地区洪涝灾害的重要因素。据此提出了中游地区减轻洪涝灾害的土地利用对策,如编制易灾区土地利用总体规划、实施"退田还湖、移民建镇"战略、发展"避洪农业"、建设分蓄洪区、提高土地利用率等。最后,分析了实施这些措施的可能性及实施过程中有待进一步解决的问题。
The middle reaches of the Yangtze River is the central area of the Yangtze River industrial belts and an important area to form a connecting link between the east and the west of China. However, since 1990's, the frequency of flood disasters and the economic loss caused by floods has increased continuously. Although flood disaster is closely related with physical factors, such as weather, geomorphology etc., unreasonable land use by human has increased the occurring possibility and intensity of flood disaster. By analyzing the relationship between land use and flood water level, the capacity of regulating flood of lake and river, and the economic loss, it is found that the unreasonable land exploitation and utilization of the flood-diversion and flood-storage areas, the building of sluices to reclaim land from lakes, and the exploitation of islets in the river are the key factors of land use in the middle reaches of Yangtze River to aggravate flood disasters. Therefore, some land use policies,such as compiling land use planning in areas fragile to flood disaster, carrying out the policy of 'conversing agricultural polders to lake, emigrants for town construction', developing 'anti-flood agriculture', constructing flood-diversion and flood-storage areas, and improving land use efficiency, etc, are proposed for mitigating flood disasters. Furthermore, the possibility implement these policies and some problems to be resolved in the process of their implementation are analyzed.
出处
《长江流域资源与环境》
CAS
CSSCI
CSCD
北大核心
2004年第6期616-620,共5页
Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin
基金
中国科学院海外杰出学者基金(项目编号:2001 2 12)资助
