摘要
一 1948年,甘肃山丹培黎学校在四坝滩农场开水渠时,发现了新石器时代的遗址和墓葬,获得了大批的文化遗物。1953年该校教师艾理(Rewi Alley)曾写信给我所夏鼎副所长,报告遗址的发现情况,要求派人前去调查发掘。当时因为我所其他地区的田野工作较多,就请甘肃省文物管理委员会就近进行调查。
First discovered in 1948 by the students of the former Bailies School of Shan Tan duringa local irrigation work, the present site lies on the eastern bank of the Shi Kou River whichis now a mere river bed, about five kilometers to the south of the city of Shan Tan. At thattime, more than ninty pieces of unbroken pottery vessels and some stone implements were un-earthed by the students. In 1954, however, all the finds were turned over to the Commission forthe Preservation of Ancient Monuments, Kansu Province. The deposits on this site spread over an area of about 42,000 square meters and sometimesattain a thickness of over 50 cms. As related by Rewi Alley, a Newzealander who was presentwhen the discovery was first made in 1948, all the pottery was found along with the skeletonsabout 0.6--0.9 meter under the surface. In some cases, pig's skulls were found near the humanskull. These facts seem to indicate that this was the site of a Neolithic village and its con-temporaneous necropolis. In the summer of 1956 the author visited the site where be collected a few potsherds andtwo crude stone implements. Subsequently, he also made a further study of the whole collectionof specimens unearthed from this site at the Commission for the Preservation of Ancient Monu-ments, Kansu Province. The present article is the result of this preliminary study and consistsof two parts: the first dealing with the specimens which the author collected himself on hisvisit to the site (Plates Ⅰ--Ⅲ) while the second with those collected earlier by the students ofthe former Bailies School in 1948 (Plates Ⅳ--Ⅵ). However, for the purpose of this abstractall the specimens are lumped together and discussed in the following three groups: Group A: With only two vases of the Ma Ch'ang type and a few potsherds of the finered ware, this group probably represents an early stage of the Neolithic culture at this site. Group B: This is the richest group of the finds unearthed at this site and constitutes thebulk of the specimens collected by both the author himself and the students of the Bailies School. The painted pottery of this group are all very coarse, with red or black painting doneon a deep red slip. Their thick paints often take on the appearance of a low relief, a featurethat is rarely encountered elsewhere. Another characteristic that distinguishes the painted potteryof this group from those of other Neolithic sites in Kansu is that the paints on these vesselsoften fade into a greyish-brown or a greyish-white. On the other hand, other types of de-coration such as cord impressions, mat impressions, incised design and applique of circular claybuttons on the handle are also encountered here. The shapes of the pottery are rather simpleand quite similar to those found in the Yangshao culture of Kansu (Pan Shan and Ma Ch'ang)and in the bronze culture of Sha Ching (沙井), Min Ch'in County, Kansu. And the absenceof any traces of the Ch'i Chia culture in the vicinity of this site points up to the possibility ofthe latter's being contemporaneous with the former. In addition to the pottery, the following stone implements are also included in this group:choppers, knives, axes, polished rectangular knives with either two or four perforations, rollingpins and a 'shih tsu' (石祖). Group C: This group contains only a few potsherds with cord impressions similar to thoseof the Sha Ching culture. According to Rewi Alley, originally some fragments of a bronze knifeand a gold earring were found together with the potsherds. This information enables the authorto attribute this group to the bronze culture of Sha Ching. On the basis of the fact that no other remains similar to Group B have ever been discoveredin the valleys of the T'ao River (洮河) in Kansu and of the Huang Shui (湟水) in Ch'inghai,the author suggests that Group B probably represents the remains of a localized Neolithic culturein the Ho Hsi Corridor (河西走廊) of Kansu. Moreover, the above finds also indicate thatthe people who left us with the artifacts of Group B probably led a settled life as farmers.
出处
《考古学报》
1959年第3期7-16,121-126,共16页
Acta Archaeologica Sinica
