摘要
江西清江的新石器时代遗址调查报告发表以後,随接着便有营盘里遗址的发掘。由於这次发掘的营盘里第一、三土城(遗址12、14)的灰层保存较好,文化遗存也极为丰富,故对瞭解清江遗址的文化内含,获得了地层证据。虽然发掘报告尚未发表,但就我过去在调查中、在整理所采集标本的当时的一些体会,并结合这次参加营盘里发掘从现场观察得来的一些知识,把它们互相参证起来,以对清江遗址的文化作出综合的初步分析。为此,我在这里,首先说明一下清江遗址的基本情况;
Not long after the publication in this journal of the author's report on 'Some Neolithic Sitesat Ch'ing Kiang, Kiangsi Province',* archaeologista began their work at the site of Ying P'anLi in Ch'ing Kiang. Their excavations revealed that it contained three layers of cultural deposits:1) Upper layer with its stamped hard ware; 2) Middle layer with its stamped fine ware; and,3) Lower layer with its yellowish-brown coarse ware. The author took part in these excavations and the present paper is the result of his studiesbased mainly on his own field notes, not to be confused with the full excavation report whichwill be published at a later date. As has been pointed in the author's previous report, the Neolithic sites of Ch'ing Kiangare of two kinds. The first has a very thick ash layer, usually with rich finds of yellowish-brown coarse ware, stamped fine ware and stamped hard ware. And the second has a very thinand often eroded ash layer containing only stamped hard ware. The upper layer at the site ofYing P'an Li is similar to the second type of the Neolithic sites in Ch'ing Kiang while itsmiddle and lower layers bear a close resemblance to the first. An interesting feature of all the yellowish-brown coarse ware from Ch'ing Kiang is theabundance of ting vessels with either flat or T-shaped legs. Most of this ware are withoutslip but some are coated with a yellowish-brown or a jet black slip, both burnished. Themajority of this ware have a plain surface but some are decorated with either trellis pattern, cordimpressions, concentric grooves or some sort of applique. In addition to the cooking utensils, con-tainers of all shapes, net sinkers and spinning whorls are also made of this sandy material. The stamped fine ware excavated from the site of Ying P'an Li was rather low-fired but onthe other hand, they usually have a much finer paste. Most of them are decorated with eithwave design, cord impressions, basket design or a trellis pattern that is slightly larger than usual. Here, the number of ting vessels is greatly reduced and both the flat and T-shaped legs havecompletely disappeared. The stamped hard ware excavated here are either round-bottomed orwith a convex round bottom. Among the stamped fine ware of this site, of particular interestis a very large group of white or greyish-white decorated vessels in the shapes of vase, dcepbowl, p'en, p'an, etc. which are rarely encountered in neighboring provinces. Many of the stone implements unearthed from the Neolithic sites of Ch'ing Kiang are rathercrude and also large in size, having only been chipped or with only their cutting edge polished.However, there are also fine polished stone implements. Except for the stepped adze, no othershouldered or handled stone implements have been found. But toward the end of the stampedhard ware perforated rectangular stone knives and stone arrowheads of all types became verycommon. Obviously, many of these implements were used.in farming as well as in fishing andhunting. On the bails of a comprison of the artifacts unearthed from the Neolithic sites of Ch'ingKiang with those of the middle and lower Yangtze valleys and of the coastal regions of south-east China, the author comes to the conclusion that the Neolithic culture of Ch'ing Kiang belongsto the same group of Neolithic cultures as those of the Yangtze valleys. However, he has notfailed to point out the connection between the former and the black pottery culture of Chekiang.Nor does he lose sight of the close resemblance between the stamped pottery of Ch'ing Kiangand that of Fukien and Kwangtung. Indeed, the result of his research has clearly revealed thecomplexity of the Neolithic sites to the south of the Yangtze besides offering some preliminarygauges for an attempt at dating.
出处
《考古学报》
1959年第3期37-51,共15页
Acta Archaeologica Sinica
