非常规突发事件下,网络亲社会行为是帮助整合资源、恢复现实世界秩序的重要渠道。研究探究风险情境下风险感知是否会驱动人们更倾向于做出网络亲社会行为及其如何进一步影响非常规突发事件的走向。研究1采用问卷法,结合恐惧管理理论,验...非常规突发事件下,网络亲社会行为是帮助整合资源、恢复现实世界秩序的重要渠道。研究探究风险情境下风险感知是否会驱动人们更倾向于做出网络亲社会行为及其如何进一步影响非常规突发事件的走向。研究1采用问卷法,结合恐惧管理理论,验证了风险感知经由本体安全感对网络亲社会行为的影响以及健康自我效能感的调节作用;研究2采用基于主体的建模技术(agent based model, ABM)建模预测了网络亲社会行为通过调节医疗资源有效分配,有效减少疫情峰值人数、缩短疫情持续时间。研究拓展了对网络亲社会行为动因的理解以及对影响非常规突发事件走向的预测,启示人们通过增进网络亲社会行为对风险事件施加正向的影响。展开更多
Cryotherapy is a treatment modality that uses extreme cold to destroy unwanted tissue through both immediate and delayed cellular injury.This therapy is increasingly being adopted across various medical specialties du...Cryotherapy is a treatment modality that uses extreme cold to destroy unwanted tissue through both immediate and delayed cellular injury.This therapy is increasingly being adopted across various medical specialties due to its minimally invasive nature and technological advancements that have been made.In the esophagus,cryotherapy is particularly utilized for the management of Barrett esophagus.It has been demonstrated to be effective and safe with potential benefits,such as a reduction in pain,over radiofrequency ablation.Additionally,it might offer a valuable alternative for patients unresponsive to radiofrequency ablation.Cryotherapy is applied for other conditions as well,including esophageal squamous cell neoplasia and malignant dysphagia.More research is needed to gain understanding of the utility in these conditions.Interestingly,cryotherapy has shown the ability to enhance the host’s immune response in reaction to antigens left in situ after treatment.While preclinical data have demonstrated promising results,the immune response is often insufficient to induce tumor regression in the clinical setting.Therefore,there is growing interest in the combination of cryotherapy and immunotherapy where ablation creates an antigen depot,and the immune system is subsequently stimulated.This combination holds promise for the future and potentially opens new doors for a breakthrough in cancer treatment.展开更多
The International Commission on Stratigraphy(ICS)has been producing and updating its International Chro-nostratigraphic Chart for several decades.The chart communicates higher-order divisions of geological time and ac...The International Commission on Stratigraphy(ICS)has been producing and updating its International Chro-nostratigraphic Chart for several decades.The chart communicates higher-order divisions of geological time and actual knowledge on the numerical ages of their bound-aries.Distributed via the ICS website www.stratigraphy.org the chart promotes use in graphic,tabulated and further digital forms in multiple languages.This paper is a status update,eleven years since the last such publication,cov-ering activities between 2012 and 2024.Chart updates during the past decade have echoed the ICS’s primary objective of precisely defining a global standard set of time-correlative units(Systems,Series,Stages)for stratigraphic successions worldwide.These units are,in turn,the basis for the Periods,Epochs,and Ages of the Geological Time Scale.Their standardization is fundamental for expressing geological knowledge,in application and education,out-reach and continuing research.The chart offers a frame-work through which regional-scale higher-resolution divisions can be linked,equated and collated.Likewise it offers a framework for digital representation of the Geological Time Scale.Maintenance and distribution of chart versions on the web has been a manual endeavour,a process that ICS is upgrading to serve an increasingly digital world.展开更多
This research investigates the influence of indoor and outdoor factors on photovoltaic(PV)power generation at Utrecht University to accurately predict PV system performance by identifying critical impact factors and i...This research investigates the influence of indoor and outdoor factors on photovoltaic(PV)power generation at Utrecht University to accurately predict PV system performance by identifying critical impact factors and improving renewable energy efficiency.To predict plant efficiency,nineteen variables are analyzed,consisting of nine indoor photovoltaic panel characteristics(Open Circuit Voltage(Voc),Short Circuit Current(Isc),Maximum Power(Pmpp),Maximum Voltage(Umpp),Maximum Current(Impp),Filling Factor(FF),Parallel Resistance(Rp),Series Resistance(Rs),Module Temperature)and ten environmental factors(Air Temperature,Air Humidity,Dew Point,Air Pressure,Irradiation,Irradiation Propagation,Wind Speed,Wind Speed Propagation,Wind Direction,Wind Direction Propagation).This study provides a new perspective not previously addressed in the literature.In this study,different machine learning methods such as Multilayer Perceptron(MLP),Multivariate Adaptive Regression Spline(MARS),Multiple Linear Regression(MLR),and Random Forest(RF)models are used to predict power values using data from installed PVpanels.Panel values obtained under real field conditions were used to train the models,and the results were compared.The Multilayer Perceptron(MLP)model was achieved with the highest classification accuracy of 0.990%.The machine learning models used for solar energy forecasting show high performance and produce results close to actual values.Models like Multi-Layer Perceptron(MLP)and Random Forest(RF)can be used in diverse locations based on load demand.展开更多
Background The potential of exercise as a concurrent therapy for actively treated primary tumors has been suggested by emerging preclinical and observational studies.However,clinical trials regarding this question are...Background The potential of exercise as a concurrent therapy for actively treated primary tumors has been suggested by emerging preclinical and observational studies.However,clinical trials regarding this question are scarce.Therefore,we conducted a randomized controlled trial investigating the effects of aerobic or resistance exercise concomitant to neoadjuvant chemotherapy(NACT)on tumor size.Methods In the BENEFIT study(German title:Bewegung bei neoadjuvanter chemotherapie zur verbesserung der fitness),patients with breast cancer scheduled for NACT were randomly assigned to supervised resistance training(RT,n=60)or aerobic training(AT,n=60)twice weekly during NACT or to a waitlist control group(WCG,n=60).The primary outcome,“change in tumor size”,as well as the secondary clinical outcomes pathologic complete response(pCR),type of surgery(breast conserving/mastectomy),axillary lymph node dissection(ALND,yes/no),premature discontinuation of chemotherapy(yes/no),and relative dose intensity(RDI)were derived from clinical records.Due to the highly skewed distribution,the primary outcome was categorized.Multiple(ordinal)logistic regression analyses were performed.Results Overall,there was no significant difference in post-intervention tumor size between RT or AT and WCG.However,there was a significant effect modification by hormone receptor(HR)status(P_(interaction)=0.030).Among patients with HR+tumors,results suggest a beneficial effect of AT on tumor shrinkage(odds ratio(OR)=2.37,95%confidence interval(95%CI):0.97‒5.78),on pCR(OR=3.21,95%CI:0.97‒10.61);and on ALND(OR=3.76,95%CI:0.78‒18.06)compared to WCG.The effects of RT were slightly less pronounced.For HR−subtypes,beneficial effects on RDI were found for AT(OR=3.71,95%CI:1.20‒11.50)and similarly for RT(OR=2.58,95%CI:0.88‒7.59).Both AT and RT had favorable effects on premature discontinuation of chemotherapy(OR(no vs.yes)=2.34,95%CI:1.10‒5.06),irrespective of tumor receptor status.Conclusion While there was no significant effect on the primary outcome in the overall group,aerobic and resistance exercise concomitant to NACT seem to beneficially affect tumor shrinkage and pCR,reduce the need for ALND among patients with HR+breast cancers,and prevent low RDI among patients with HR–breast cancers.These results warrant confirmation in further trials.展开更多
The impact of different global and local variables in urban development processes requires a systematic study to fully comprehend the underlying complexities in them.The interplay between such variables is crucial for...The impact of different global and local variables in urban development processes requires a systematic study to fully comprehend the underlying complexities in them.The interplay between such variables is crucial for modelling urban growth to closely reflects reality.Despite extensive research,ambiguity remains about how variations in these input variables influence urban densification.In this study,we conduct a global sensitivity analysis(SA)using a multinomial logistic regression(MNL)model to assess the model’s explanatory and predictive power.We examine the influence of global variables,including spatial resolution,neighborhood size,and density classes,under different input combinations at a provincial scale to understand their impact on densification.Additionally,we perform a stepwise regression to identify the significant explanatory variables that are important for understanding densification in the Brussels Metropolitan Area(BMA).Our results indicate that a finer spatial resolution of 50 m and 100 m,smaller neighborhood size of 5×5 and 3×3,and specific density classes—namely 3(non-built-up,low and high built-up)and 4(non-built-up,low,medium and high built-up)—optimally explain and predict urban densification.In line with the same,the stepwise regression reveals that models with a coarser resolution of 300 m lack significant variables,reflecting a lower explanatory power for densification.This approach aids in identifying optimal and significant global variables with higher explanatory power for understanding and predicting urban densification.Furthermore,these findings are reproducible in a global urban context,offering valuable insights for planners,modelers and geographers in managing future urban growth and minimizing modelling.展开更多
Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria(PGPR)have been widely used for the promotion of plant performance.Predatory protists can influence the taxonomic and functional composition of rhizosphere bacteria.However,research...Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria(PGPR)have been widely used for the promotion of plant performance.Predatory protists can influence the taxonomic and functional composition of rhizosphere bacteria.However,research on the impact of the interaction between protist and PGPR on plant performance remains at a very early stage.Here,we examined the impacts of individual inoculation of protist(Colpoda inflata,Dimastigella trypaniformis,or Vermamoeba vermiformis)or the PGPR strain Bacillus velezensis SQR9 as well as the co-inoculation of the protist C.inflata and B.velezensis SQR9 on the growth of tomato plants.We found that all individual protists and Bacillus could promote plant growth compared to the control with no microbe inoculation,with the co-inoculation of C.inflata and B.velezensis SQR9 achieving the greatest performance,including plant height,fresh weight,and dry weight.Different protists harbored distinct rhizosphere bacterial communities,with the co-inoculation of protist and Bacillus resulting in the lowest bacterial diversity and driving significant changes in community structure and composition,particularly by increasing the relative abundance of Proteobacteria.Random forest model highlighted Cellvibrio as the most important bacterial predictor of plant growth,which was enriched after protist inoculation,especially after the mixed inoculation of protist and Bacillus.We further found that bacterial functional genes of nitrogen metabolism were the key determinants of plant growth.These results indicate that the interaction between protists and Bacillus can support plant growth by reshaping rhizosphere bacterial community composition and function.Understanding the interaction mechanisms between protist and PGPR is crucial for their effective utilization in sustainable agriculture.展开更多
BACKGROUND Partial hepatectomy continues to be the primary treatment approach for liver tumors,and post-hepatectomy liver failure(PHLF)remains the most critical lifethreatening complication following surgery.AIM To co...BACKGROUND Partial hepatectomy continues to be the primary treatment approach for liver tumors,and post-hepatectomy liver failure(PHLF)remains the most critical lifethreatening complication following surgery.AIM To comprehensively review the PHLF prognostic models developed in recent years and objectively assess the risk of bias in these models.METHODS This review followed the Checklist for Critical Appraisal and Data Extraction for Systematic Reviews of Prediction Modelling Studies and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guideline.Three databases were searched from November 2019 to December 2022,and references as well as cited literature in all included studies were manually screened in March 2023.Based on the defined inclusion criteria,articles on PHLF prognostic models were selected,and data from all included articles were extracted by two independent reviewers.The PROBAST was used to evaluate the quality of each included article.RESULTS A total of thirty-four studies met the eligibility criteria and were included in the analysis.Nearly all of the models(32/34,94.1%)were developed and validated exclusively using private data sources.Predictive variables were categorized into five distinct types,with the majority of studies(32/34,94.1%)utilizing multiple types of data.The area under the curve for the training models included ranged from 0.697 to 0.956.Analytical issues resulted in a high risk of bias across all studies included.CONCLUSION The validation performance of the existing models was substantially lower compared to the development models.All included studies were evaluated as having a high risk of bias,primarily due to issues within the analytical domain.The progression of modeling technology,particularly in artificial intelligence modeling,necessitates the use of suitable quality assessment tools.展开更多
The Middle to Late Jurassic,high-pressure metamorphic ophiolites of Inzecca Unit are well exposed in the Noceta-Vezzani area of Alpine Corsica.These metaophiolites were studied by using a multidisciplinary approach to...The Middle to Late Jurassic,high-pressure metamorphic ophiolites of Inzecca Unit are well exposed in the Noceta-Vezzani area of Alpine Corsica.These metaophiolites were studied by using a multidisciplinary approach to reconstruct the architecture of the oceanic sector from which they derived.The collected data indicate that this oceanic crust consists of a mantle metaperidotites and metaophicalcites,both covered by massive or pillow metabasalts with or without a layer of ophiolite-bearing metabreccias.展开更多
The use ofrenewable energyisan important way toachieve sustainable agriculturalandeconomic development.However,there are differences in accessto renewable energy between the Global North and Global South.This study ut...The use ofrenewable energyisan important way toachieve sustainable agriculturalandeconomic development.However,there are differences in accessto renewable energy between the Global North and Global South.This study utilisedan autoregressive distributed lag-error correctionmodel and thedata spanning from 1991to 2021 to comparatively analyse the dynamic relationship amongrenewable energy consumption,the value of agricultural production,gross domestic product(GDP),economic diversificationindex,urban population,the total water extraction for agricultural withdrawal,and trade balancein the Netherlands and South Africa.In the shortrun,renewable energy consumption was increased by the value of agricultural productionbut decreased by GDPin South Africa.In the longrun,renewable energy consumption and GDP increased the value of agricultural production,while the value of agricultural production also increased GDP in South Africa.However,in the Netherlands,there was no short-and long-run relationship betweenrenewable energy consumption and agricultural and economic development.The results revealedthat there was a short-and long-run relationship in South Africa.Moreover,in the Netherlands,the adjustment speed was-1.46 forrenewable energy consumption with an error correction of 0.68 a(8.22 months).In South Africa,the adjustment speedwas-1.28 forrenewable energy consumption with an error correction of 0.78 a(9.38 months).Therefore,compared to South Africa,renewable energy consumptionin the Netherlands takes less time to return to balance after a shock.Thesefindings signify different trajectories on sectoral and economic transition initiatives spurred usingrenewable energy between the Netherlands and South Africa.Policy relating to initiatives such as“agro-energy communities”in Global South countries such as South Africa should be emphasised to promote the use of renewable energy in the agricultural sector.展开更多
Regolith,widely distributed on the Earth’s surface,constitutes a significant compartment of the Critical Zone,resulting from intricate interactions among the atmosphere,lithosphere,hydrosphere,and biosphere.Regolith ...Regolith,widely distributed on the Earth’s surface,constitutes a significant compartment of the Critical Zone,resulting from intricate interactions among the atmosphere,lithosphere,hydrosphere,and biosphere.Regolith formation critically influences nutrient release,soil production,and long-term climate regulation.Regolith development is governed by two primary processes:production and denudation.An urgent need exists to comprehensively understand these processes to refine our understanding of Critical Zone functions.This study investigates an in-situ regolith profile developed on granitic bedrock from a tropical region(Sanya,China).We conducted geochemical analyses,encompassing major,trace elements and mineralogical compositions as well as U-series isotopes,and applied the U-series disequilibrium method to investigate the formation history of this profile.Alternatively,dividing the regolith profile into sub-weathering zones provides a better explanation for the geochemical results,and a multi-stage model based on this subdivision effectively interprets the evolution of deep regolith.Utilizing this multi-stage model,regolith production rates is derived from the“gain and loss”model,ranging from 1.27±0.03 to 42.42±24.24 m/Ma.The production rates first increase from surface until a maximum rate is reached at the depth of∼160 cm and then decrease at further deeper horizons along the depth profile,and the variation of production rates follows a so-called“humped function”.This pioneering investigation into regolith production rates in the Chinese tropical region indicates that(1)the studied profile deviates from a steady state compared to the denudation rate derived from cosmogenic nuclides(^(10)Be_in-situ);(2)subdividing the deep profile based on geochemical data and U-series isotopic activity ratios is imperative for accurately determining regolith production rates;and(3)the combination of U-series disequilibrium and cosmogenic nuclides robustly evaluates the quantitative evolution state of regolith over long time scales.展开更多
Background:Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related mortality,and while low-dose computed tomography screening may reduce mortality,emerging prognostic models show superior discriminative efficacy compared t...Background:Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related mortality,and while low-dose computed tomography screening may reduce mortality,emerging prognostic models show superior discriminative efficacy compared to age-and smoking history-based screening.However,further research is needed to assess their reliability in predicting lung cancer risk in high-risk patients.Methods:This study evaluated the predictive performance and quality of existing lung cancer prognostic models through a systematic review and meta-analysis.A comprehensive search was conducted in PubMed,Cochrane,Web of Science,CNKI,and Wanfang for articles published between January 1,2000,and February 13,2025,identifying population-basedmodels incorporating all available modeling data.Results:Among 72 analyzed studies,models were developed from Asian(28 studies,including 23 Chinese cohorts)and European/American(48 studies)populations,with only 6 focusing on nonsmokers.Twenty-one models included genetic markers,15 used clinical factors,and 40 integrated epidemiological predictors.Although 37 models underwent external validation,only 4 demonstrated minimal bias and clinical applicability.A meta-analysis of 11 repeatedly validated models revealed calibration and discrimination,though some lacked calibration data.Conclusions:Few lung cancer prognostic models exist for nonsmokers.Most models exhibit poor predictive performance in external validations,with significant bias and limited application scope.Widespread external validation,standardized model development,and reporting techniques are needed to accurately identify high-risk individuals and ensure applicability across diverse populations.展开更多
Fibroblast growth factor(FGF)signaling encompasses a multitude of functions,including regulation of cell proliferation,differentiation,morphogenesis,and patterning.FGFs and their receptors(FGFR)are crucial for adult t...Fibroblast growth factor(FGF)signaling encompasses a multitude of functions,including regulation of cell proliferation,differentiation,morphogenesis,and patterning.FGFs and their receptors(FGFR)are crucial for adult tissue repair processes.Aberrant FGF signal transduction is associated with various pathological conditions such as cartilage damage,bone loss,muscle reduction,and other core pathological changes observed in orthopedic degenerative diseases like osteoarthritis(OA),intervertebral disc degeneration(IVDD),osteoporosis(OP),and sarcopenia.In OA and IVDD pathologies specifically,FGF1,FGF2,FGF8,FGF9,FGF18,FGF21,and FGF23 regulate the synthesis,catabolism,and ossification of cartilage tissue.Additionally,the dysregulation of FGFR expression(FGFR1 and FGFR3)promotes the pathological process of cartilage degradation.In OP and sarcopenia,endocrine-derived FGFs(FGF19,FGF21,and FGF23)modulate bone mineral synthesis and decomposition as well as muscle tissues.FGF2 and other FGFs also exert regulatory roles.A growing body of research has focused on understanding the implications of FGF signaling in orthopedic degeneration.Moreover,an increasing number of potential targets within the FGF signaling have been identified,such as FGF9,FGF18,and FGF23.However,it should be noted that most of these discoveries are still in the experimental stage,and further studies are needed before clinical application can be considered.Presently,this review aims to document the association between the FGF signaling pathway and the development and progression of orthopedic diseases.Besides,current therapeutic strategies targeting the FGF signaling pathway to prevent and treat orthopedic degeneration will be evaluated.展开更多
Background Conditional relative survival(CRS),the probability of survival given that an individual has already survived a certain period post-diagnosis,is a more clinically relevant measure for long-term survival than...Background Conditional relative survival(CRS),the probability of survival given that an individual has already survived a certain period post-diagnosis,is a more clinically relevant measure for long-term survival than standard relative survival(RS).This study aims to evaluate the 5-year CRS among adolescent and young adult(AYA)breast cancer patients by age,tumor stage,and receptor subtype to guide disclosure periods for insurance.Methods Data of all females aged 18–39 years and diagnosed with invasive breast cancer between 2003 and 2021(n=13,075)were obtained from The Netherlands Cancer Registry(NCR).The five-year CRS was calculated annually up to 10 years post-diagnosis using a hybrid analysis approach.Results For the total AYA breast cancer study population the 5-year CRS exceeded 90%from diagnosis and increased beyond 95%7 years post-diagnosis.Patients aged 18–24 reached 95%9 years post-diagnosis,those aged 25–29 after 5 years,and those aged 30–34 and 35–39 after 8 years.For stage I,the 5-year CRS reached 95%from diagnosis,for stage II after 6 years,while the 5-year CRS for stages III and IV did not reach the 95%threshold during the 10-year follow-up.Triple-negative tumors exceeded 95%after 4 years,human epidermal growth factor receptor 2(HER2)positive tumors after 6 years,while hormone receptor(HR)positive tumors did not reach 95%.Conclusion Excess mortality among AYA breast cancer patients tends to be little(CRS 90%–95%)from diagnosis and becomes minimal(CRS>95%)over time compared to the general population.These results can enhance expectation management and inform policymakers,suggesting a shorter disclosure period.展开更多
文摘非常规突发事件下,网络亲社会行为是帮助整合资源、恢复现实世界秩序的重要渠道。研究探究风险情境下风险感知是否会驱动人们更倾向于做出网络亲社会行为及其如何进一步影响非常规突发事件的走向。研究1采用问卷法,结合恐惧管理理论,验证了风险感知经由本体安全感对网络亲社会行为的影响以及健康自我效能感的调节作用;研究2采用基于主体的建模技术(agent based model, ABM)建模预测了网络亲社会行为通过调节医疗资源有效分配,有效减少疫情峰值人数、缩短疫情持续时间。研究拓展了对网络亲社会行为动因的理解以及对影响非常规突发事件走向的预测,启示人们通过增进网络亲社会行为对风险事件施加正向的影响。
文摘Cryotherapy is a treatment modality that uses extreme cold to destroy unwanted tissue through both immediate and delayed cellular injury.This therapy is increasingly being adopted across various medical specialties due to its minimally invasive nature and technological advancements that have been made.In the esophagus,cryotherapy is particularly utilized for the management of Barrett esophagus.It has been demonstrated to be effective and safe with potential benefits,such as a reduction in pain,over radiofrequency ablation.Additionally,it might offer a valuable alternative for patients unresponsive to radiofrequency ablation.Cryotherapy is applied for other conditions as well,including esophageal squamous cell neoplasia and malignant dysphagia.More research is needed to gain understanding of the utility in these conditions.Interestingly,cryotherapy has shown the ability to enhance the host’s immune response in reaction to antigens left in situ after treatment.While preclinical data have demonstrated promising results,the immune response is often insufficient to induce tumor regression in the clinical setting.Therefore,there is growing interest in the combination of cryotherapy and immunotherapy where ablation creates an antigen depot,and the immune system is subsequently stimulated.This combination holds promise for the future and potentially opens new doors for a breakthrough in cancer treatment.
文摘The International Commission on Stratigraphy(ICS)has been producing and updating its International Chro-nostratigraphic Chart for several decades.The chart communicates higher-order divisions of geological time and actual knowledge on the numerical ages of their bound-aries.Distributed via the ICS website www.stratigraphy.org the chart promotes use in graphic,tabulated and further digital forms in multiple languages.This paper is a status update,eleven years since the last such publication,cov-ering activities between 2012 and 2024.Chart updates during the past decade have echoed the ICS’s primary objective of precisely defining a global standard set of time-correlative units(Systems,Series,Stages)for stratigraphic successions worldwide.These units are,in turn,the basis for the Periods,Epochs,and Ages of the Geological Time Scale.Their standardization is fundamental for expressing geological knowledge,in application and education,out-reach and continuing research.The chart offers a frame-work through which regional-scale higher-resolution divisions can be linked,equated and collated.Likewise it offers a framework for digital representation of the Geological Time Scale.Maintenance and distribution of chart versions on the web has been a manual endeavour,a process that ICS is upgrading to serve an increasingly digital world.
文摘This research investigates the influence of indoor and outdoor factors on photovoltaic(PV)power generation at Utrecht University to accurately predict PV system performance by identifying critical impact factors and improving renewable energy efficiency.To predict plant efficiency,nineteen variables are analyzed,consisting of nine indoor photovoltaic panel characteristics(Open Circuit Voltage(Voc),Short Circuit Current(Isc),Maximum Power(Pmpp),Maximum Voltage(Umpp),Maximum Current(Impp),Filling Factor(FF),Parallel Resistance(Rp),Series Resistance(Rs),Module Temperature)and ten environmental factors(Air Temperature,Air Humidity,Dew Point,Air Pressure,Irradiation,Irradiation Propagation,Wind Speed,Wind Speed Propagation,Wind Direction,Wind Direction Propagation).This study provides a new perspective not previously addressed in the literature.In this study,different machine learning methods such as Multilayer Perceptron(MLP),Multivariate Adaptive Regression Spline(MARS),Multiple Linear Regression(MLR),and Random Forest(RF)models are used to predict power values using data from installed PVpanels.Panel values obtained under real field conditions were used to train the models,and the results were compared.The Multilayer Perceptron(MLP)model was achieved with the highest classification accuracy of 0.990%.The machine learning models used for solar energy forecasting show high performance and produce results close to actual values.Models like Multi-Layer Perceptron(MLP)and Random Forest(RF)can be used in diverse locations based on load demand.
基金supported by an intramural proof of concept grant of the NCT Heidelberg.
文摘Background The potential of exercise as a concurrent therapy for actively treated primary tumors has been suggested by emerging preclinical and observational studies.However,clinical trials regarding this question are scarce.Therefore,we conducted a randomized controlled trial investigating the effects of aerobic or resistance exercise concomitant to neoadjuvant chemotherapy(NACT)on tumor size.Methods In the BENEFIT study(German title:Bewegung bei neoadjuvanter chemotherapie zur verbesserung der fitness),patients with breast cancer scheduled for NACT were randomly assigned to supervised resistance training(RT,n=60)or aerobic training(AT,n=60)twice weekly during NACT or to a waitlist control group(WCG,n=60).The primary outcome,“change in tumor size”,as well as the secondary clinical outcomes pathologic complete response(pCR),type of surgery(breast conserving/mastectomy),axillary lymph node dissection(ALND,yes/no),premature discontinuation of chemotherapy(yes/no),and relative dose intensity(RDI)were derived from clinical records.Due to the highly skewed distribution,the primary outcome was categorized.Multiple(ordinal)logistic regression analyses were performed.Results Overall,there was no significant difference in post-intervention tumor size between RT or AT and WCG.However,there was a significant effect modification by hormone receptor(HR)status(P_(interaction)=0.030).Among patients with HR+tumors,results suggest a beneficial effect of AT on tumor shrinkage(odds ratio(OR)=2.37,95%confidence interval(95%CI):0.97‒5.78),on pCR(OR=3.21,95%CI:0.97‒10.61);and on ALND(OR=3.76,95%CI:0.78‒18.06)compared to WCG.The effects of RT were slightly less pronounced.For HR−subtypes,beneficial effects on RDI were found for AT(OR=3.71,95%CI:1.20‒11.50)and similarly for RT(OR=2.58,95%CI:0.88‒7.59).Both AT and RT had favorable effects on premature discontinuation of chemotherapy(OR(no vs.yes)=2.34,95%CI:1.10‒5.06),irrespective of tumor receptor status.Conclusion While there was no significant effect on the primary outcome in the overall group,aerobic and resistance exercise concomitant to NACT seem to beneficially affect tumor shrinkage and pCR,reduce the need for ALND among patients with HR+breast cancers,and prevent low RDI among patients with HR–breast cancers.These results warrant confirmation in further trials.
基金funded by the INTER program and cofunded by the Fond National de la Recherche,Luxembourg(FNR)and the Fund for Scientific Research-FNRS,Belgium(F.R.S-FNRS),T.0233.20-‘Sustainable Residential Densification’project(SusDens,2020–2024).
文摘The impact of different global and local variables in urban development processes requires a systematic study to fully comprehend the underlying complexities in them.The interplay between such variables is crucial for modelling urban growth to closely reflects reality.Despite extensive research,ambiguity remains about how variations in these input variables influence urban densification.In this study,we conduct a global sensitivity analysis(SA)using a multinomial logistic regression(MNL)model to assess the model’s explanatory and predictive power.We examine the influence of global variables,including spatial resolution,neighborhood size,and density classes,under different input combinations at a provincial scale to understand their impact on densification.Additionally,we perform a stepwise regression to identify the significant explanatory variables that are important for understanding densification in the Brussels Metropolitan Area(BMA).Our results indicate that a finer spatial resolution of 50 m and 100 m,smaller neighborhood size of 5×5 and 3×3,and specific density classes—namely 3(non-built-up,low and high built-up)and 4(non-built-up,low,medium and high built-up)—optimally explain and predict urban densification.In line with the same,the stepwise regression reveals that models with a coarser resolution of 300 m lack significant variables,reflecting a lower explanatory power for densification.This approach aids in identifying optimal and significant global variables with higher explanatory power for understanding and predicting urban densification.Furthermore,these findings are reproducible in a global urban context,offering valuable insights for planners,modelers and geographers in managing future urban growth and minimizing modelling.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.42377296 and 42107141)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Nos.2023YFD1901402 and 2023YFD1901105)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China(No.YDZX2025046).
文摘Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria(PGPR)have been widely used for the promotion of plant performance.Predatory protists can influence the taxonomic and functional composition of rhizosphere bacteria.However,research on the impact of the interaction between protist and PGPR on plant performance remains at a very early stage.Here,we examined the impacts of individual inoculation of protist(Colpoda inflata,Dimastigella trypaniformis,or Vermamoeba vermiformis)or the PGPR strain Bacillus velezensis SQR9 as well as the co-inoculation of the protist C.inflata and B.velezensis SQR9 on the growth of tomato plants.We found that all individual protists and Bacillus could promote plant growth compared to the control with no microbe inoculation,with the co-inoculation of C.inflata and B.velezensis SQR9 achieving the greatest performance,including plant height,fresh weight,and dry weight.Different protists harbored distinct rhizosphere bacterial communities,with the co-inoculation of protist and Bacillus resulting in the lowest bacterial diversity and driving significant changes in community structure and composition,particularly by increasing the relative abundance of Proteobacteria.Random forest model highlighted Cellvibrio as the most important bacterial predictor of plant growth,which was enriched after protist inoculation,especially after the mixed inoculation of protist and Bacillus.We further found that bacterial functional genes of nitrogen metabolism were the key determinants of plant growth.These results indicate that the interaction between protists and Bacillus can support plant growth by reshaping rhizosphere bacterial community composition and function.Understanding the interaction mechanisms between protist and PGPR is crucial for their effective utilization in sustainable agriculture.
基金Supported by The Science and Technology Innovation 2030-Major Project,No.2021ZD0140406.
文摘BACKGROUND Partial hepatectomy continues to be the primary treatment approach for liver tumors,and post-hepatectomy liver failure(PHLF)remains the most critical lifethreatening complication following surgery.AIM To comprehensively review the PHLF prognostic models developed in recent years and objectively assess the risk of bias in these models.METHODS This review followed the Checklist for Critical Appraisal and Data Extraction for Systematic Reviews of Prediction Modelling Studies and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guideline.Three databases were searched from November 2019 to December 2022,and references as well as cited literature in all included studies were manually screened in March 2023.Based on the defined inclusion criteria,articles on PHLF prognostic models were selected,and data from all included articles were extracted by two independent reviewers.The PROBAST was used to evaluate the quality of each included article.RESULTS A total of thirty-four studies met the eligibility criteria and were included in the analysis.Nearly all of the models(32/34,94.1%)were developed and validated exclusively using private data sources.Predictive variables were categorized into five distinct types,with the majority of studies(32/34,94.1%)utilizing multiple types of data.The area under the curve for the training models included ranged from 0.697 to 0.956.Analytical issues resulted in a high risk of bias across all studies included.CONCLUSION The validation performance of the existing models was substantially lower compared to the development models.All included studies were evaluated as having a high risk of bias,primarily due to issues within the analytical domain.The progression of modeling technology,particularly in artificial intelligence modeling,necessitates the use of suitable quality assessment tools.
基金supported by PRIN 2020 project(Resp.Michele Marroni)Claudia D’Oriano(INGV)Matteo Masotta and Danis Filimon(Earth Science Dept)are also thanked for analytical support in the laboratoriesThis work benefited from the PRA 2022 project handled by Francesca Meneghini.
文摘The Middle to Late Jurassic,high-pressure metamorphic ophiolites of Inzecca Unit are well exposed in the Noceta-Vezzani area of Alpine Corsica.These metaophiolites were studied by using a multidisciplinary approach to reconstruct the architecture of the oceanic sector from which they derived.The collected data indicate that this oceanic crust consists of a mantle metaperidotites and metaophicalcites,both covered by massive or pillow metabasalts with or without a layer of ophiolite-bearing metabreccias.
基金research supported wholly by the National Research Foundation (NRF) of South Africathe Dutch Research Council (NWO) Project (UID 129352)
文摘The use ofrenewable energyisan important way toachieve sustainable agriculturalandeconomic development.However,there are differences in accessto renewable energy between the Global North and Global South.This study utilisedan autoregressive distributed lag-error correctionmodel and thedata spanning from 1991to 2021 to comparatively analyse the dynamic relationship amongrenewable energy consumption,the value of agricultural production,gross domestic product(GDP),economic diversificationindex,urban population,the total water extraction for agricultural withdrawal,and trade balancein the Netherlands and South Africa.In the shortrun,renewable energy consumption was increased by the value of agricultural productionbut decreased by GDPin South Africa.In the longrun,renewable energy consumption and GDP increased the value of agricultural production,while the value of agricultural production also increased GDP in South Africa.However,in the Netherlands,there was no short-and long-run relationship betweenrenewable energy consumption and agricultural and economic development.The results revealedthat there was a short-and long-run relationship in South Africa.Moreover,in the Netherlands,the adjustment speed was-1.46 forrenewable energy consumption with an error correction of 0.68 a(8.22 months).In South Africa,the adjustment speedwas-1.28 forrenewable energy consumption with an error correction of 0.78 a(9.38 months).Therefore,compared to South Africa,renewable energy consumptionin the Netherlands takes less time to return to balance after a shock.Thesefindings signify different trajectories on sectoral and economic transition initiatives spurred usingrenewable energy between the Netherlands and South Africa.Policy relating to initiatives such as“agro-energy communities”in Global South countries such as South Africa should be emphasised to promote the use of renewable energy in the agricultural sector.
基金supported by The National Natural Science Foundation of China(42303060)The China Scholarship Council(CSC,201906250131).
文摘Regolith,widely distributed on the Earth’s surface,constitutes a significant compartment of the Critical Zone,resulting from intricate interactions among the atmosphere,lithosphere,hydrosphere,and biosphere.Regolith formation critically influences nutrient release,soil production,and long-term climate regulation.Regolith development is governed by two primary processes:production and denudation.An urgent need exists to comprehensively understand these processes to refine our understanding of Critical Zone functions.This study investigates an in-situ regolith profile developed on granitic bedrock from a tropical region(Sanya,China).We conducted geochemical analyses,encompassing major,trace elements and mineralogical compositions as well as U-series isotopes,and applied the U-series disequilibrium method to investigate the formation history of this profile.Alternatively,dividing the regolith profile into sub-weathering zones provides a better explanation for the geochemical results,and a multi-stage model based on this subdivision effectively interprets the evolution of deep regolith.Utilizing this multi-stage model,regolith production rates is derived from the“gain and loss”model,ranging from 1.27±0.03 to 42.42±24.24 m/Ma.The production rates first increase from surface until a maximum rate is reached at the depth of∼160 cm and then decrease at further deeper horizons along the depth profile,and the variation of production rates follows a so-called“humped function”.This pioneering investigation into regolith production rates in the Chinese tropical region indicates that(1)the studied profile deviates from a steady state compared to the denudation rate derived from cosmogenic nuclides(^(10)Be_in-situ);(2)subdividing the deep profile based on geochemical data and U-series isotopic activity ratios is imperative for accurately determining regolith production rates;and(3)the combination of U-series disequilibrium and cosmogenic nuclides robustly evaluates the quantitative evolution state of regolith over long time scales.
基金funded by theGuangzhou Municipal Science and Tech-nology Bureau(No.2023A03J0507).
文摘Background:Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related mortality,and while low-dose computed tomography screening may reduce mortality,emerging prognostic models show superior discriminative efficacy compared to age-and smoking history-based screening.However,further research is needed to assess their reliability in predicting lung cancer risk in high-risk patients.Methods:This study evaluated the predictive performance and quality of existing lung cancer prognostic models through a systematic review and meta-analysis.A comprehensive search was conducted in PubMed,Cochrane,Web of Science,CNKI,and Wanfang for articles published between January 1,2000,and February 13,2025,identifying population-basedmodels incorporating all available modeling data.Results:Among 72 analyzed studies,models were developed from Asian(28 studies,including 23 Chinese cohorts)and European/American(48 studies)populations,with only 6 focusing on nonsmokers.Twenty-one models included genetic markers,15 used clinical factors,and 40 integrated epidemiological predictors.Although 37 models underwent external validation,only 4 demonstrated minimal bias and clinical applicability.A meta-analysis of 11 repeatedly validated models revealed calibration and discrimination,though some lacked calibration data.Conclusions:Few lung cancer prognostic models exist for nonsmokers.Most models exhibit poor predictive performance in external validations,with significant bias and limited application scope.Widespread external validation,standardized model development,and reporting techniques are needed to accurately identify high-risk individuals and ensure applicability across diverse populations.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2023YFC3603400)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82072506,92268115)+2 种基金the Hunan Provincial Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars(2024JJ2089)the Science and Technology Innovation Program of Hunan Province(2021RC3025)the National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders(Xiangya Hospital,2021KF02).
文摘Fibroblast growth factor(FGF)signaling encompasses a multitude of functions,including regulation of cell proliferation,differentiation,morphogenesis,and patterning.FGFs and their receptors(FGFR)are crucial for adult tissue repair processes.Aberrant FGF signal transduction is associated with various pathological conditions such as cartilage damage,bone loss,muscle reduction,and other core pathological changes observed in orthopedic degenerative diseases like osteoarthritis(OA),intervertebral disc degeneration(IVDD),osteoporosis(OP),and sarcopenia.In OA and IVDD pathologies specifically,FGF1,FGF2,FGF8,FGF9,FGF18,FGF21,and FGF23 regulate the synthesis,catabolism,and ossification of cartilage tissue.Additionally,the dysregulation of FGFR expression(FGFR1 and FGFR3)promotes the pathological process of cartilage degradation.In OP and sarcopenia,endocrine-derived FGFs(FGF19,FGF21,and FGF23)modulate bone mineral synthesis and decomposition as well as muscle tissues.FGF2 and other FGFs also exert regulatory roles.A growing body of research has focused on understanding the implications of FGF signaling in orthopedic degeneration.Moreover,an increasing number of potential targets within the FGF signaling have been identified,such as FGF9,FGF18,and FGF23.However,it should be noted that most of these discoveries are still in the experimental stage,and further studies are needed before clinical application can be considered.Presently,this review aims to document the association between the FGF signaling pathway and the development and progression of orthopedic diseases.Besides,current therapeutic strategies targeting the FGF signaling pathway to prevent and treat orthopedic degeneration will be evaluated.
基金supported by The Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research VIDI(grant number:198.007).
文摘Background Conditional relative survival(CRS),the probability of survival given that an individual has already survived a certain period post-diagnosis,is a more clinically relevant measure for long-term survival than standard relative survival(RS).This study aims to evaluate the 5-year CRS among adolescent and young adult(AYA)breast cancer patients by age,tumor stage,and receptor subtype to guide disclosure periods for insurance.Methods Data of all females aged 18–39 years and diagnosed with invasive breast cancer between 2003 and 2021(n=13,075)were obtained from The Netherlands Cancer Registry(NCR).The five-year CRS was calculated annually up to 10 years post-diagnosis using a hybrid analysis approach.Results For the total AYA breast cancer study population the 5-year CRS exceeded 90%from diagnosis and increased beyond 95%7 years post-diagnosis.Patients aged 18–24 reached 95%9 years post-diagnosis,those aged 25–29 after 5 years,and those aged 30–34 and 35–39 after 8 years.For stage I,the 5-year CRS reached 95%from diagnosis,for stage II after 6 years,while the 5-year CRS for stages III and IV did not reach the 95%threshold during the 10-year follow-up.Triple-negative tumors exceeded 95%after 4 years,human epidermal growth factor receptor 2(HER2)positive tumors after 6 years,while hormone receptor(HR)positive tumors did not reach 95%.Conclusion Excess mortality among AYA breast cancer patients tends to be little(CRS 90%–95%)from diagnosis and becomes minimal(CRS>95%)over time compared to the general population.These results can enhance expectation management and inform policymakers,suggesting a shorter disclosure period.
