摘要
文化心理学研究愈加关注具有文化独特性的情绪体验,而委屈作为中国社会中一种富有本土文化色彩的常见情绪,其在心理学实证研究领域中仍处起步阶段,定义尚不明晰。四项研究采用原型分析的方法,通过自下而上的方式收集大众对委屈的看法,进而揭示委屈情绪的原型。研究1通过开放式问答收集大众用以描述委屈的词语,并将其编码为34个特征。研究2进一步区分了委屈的中心特征和边缘特征。后续研究表明,中心特征(相比边缘特征)描述的经历被认为委屈程度更高(研究3)、与被试自身的委屈(相比愤怒/中性)经历更为贴合(研究4)。研究结果揭示了委屈的原型结构,丰富了对委屈特征的理解,为委屈情绪在心理学研究中的概念化提供了重要的理论基础和实证支撑。
In recent cultural psychology research,there has been an increased emphasis on culturally specific emotions.Weiqu,a common emotional experience in the daily lives of Chinese people,is considered to be culturally specific.In Chinese culture,relational harmony and endurance are highly valued virtues.Consequently,individuals often choose to endure interpersonal conflicts,rather than express themselves straightforward.This tendency creates a cultural context conducive to the emergence of weiqu.Although weiqu has received increasing attention in Chinese counseling practice in recent years,empirical studies on its psychological underpinnings are still in the early stages.A comprehensive and empirically derived definition of weiqu is lacking,leading to difficulties in operationalizing and measuring this emotion.In the present research,we aimed to conduct a prototype analysis to explore the lay conception of weiqu.Prototype analysis has been proposed as a bottom-up approach that has been widely used to conceptualize emotion-related constructs(e.g.,nostalgia,disillusionment,hope).It enables us to investigate the lay conception of weiqu by having laypeople generate features of weiqu and then assessing the centrality of each feature.In Study 1(N=341),Chinese participants(171 college students and 170 participants recruited through an online platform called Credamo)were instructed to list as many characteristics that could describe weiqu as they could think of in an open-ended response format.Two coders then grouped these characteristics into higher-order exemplars.These exemplars were further categorized into a list of 34 distinct prototypical features of weiqu.Following the standard procedure of prototype analysis,Study 2(N=150)aimed to quantify the centrality of these prototypical features.Participants rated how closely each feature was related to weiqu.Ratings for each feature were averaged across participants,and the features were then rankordered accordingly,yielding 17 central features(e.g.,being wronged,being misunderstood,speechlessness,unfairness)and 17 peripheral features(e.g.,disheartened,repression,venting,disappointment).Studies 3 and 4 tested the ecological validity,criterion validity,and discriminant validity of the prototype of weiqu.In Study 3(N=100),participants read nine short vignettes,each describing one target character’s autobiographical event that happened in the workplace.Specifically,three vignettes depicted events that were embedded with only central features,three highlighted peripheral features,and the rest included no prototypical features of weiqu.In addition,we randomized the gender of the characters across participants to control for any effect it might have.Participants rated the extent to which they thought the characters felt the emotion of weiqu.Results showed that even when the word weiqu was never used,target characters were perceived as having a stronger feeling of weiqu when vignettes were embedded with prototypical features(vs.no features).More importantly,participants rated target characters in vignettes embedded with central features,compared to peripheral features,to experience higher level of weiqu.No effect of the target character’s gender was found.Study 4(N=180)extended the ecological validity of the prototypic structure of weiqu in a more naturalistic context.Participants were first instructed to recall target emotional events(weiqu vs.anger vs.control)and then to rate how well each of the prototypical features relate to the events.Results indicated that participants’own experiences of weiqu(vs.anger/ordinary events)were better characterized by central(vs.peripheral)features.Participants rated significantly higher levels of central features for weiqu recalls compared to anger and control events.Peripheral features were also scored higher in the weiqu condition compared to the control condition,while there were no differences in the ratings of peripheral features between weiqu and anger conditions.In conclusion,four studies were conducted to identify the prototypic structure of the emotion of weiqu.Based on our findings,we present an evidence-based definition of weiqu as a negative emotion induced by unfair and undeserving events in which one lack in power and have no choice but to endure.Our research takes an important step into the scientific conceptualization of weiqu.Meanwhile,future research could benefit from scrutinizing the prototype of weiqu,which would provide initial insights into its consequences and associations with other related constructs.
作者
马雨田
王浩宇
杨蕾
尉兆梁
Ma Yutian;Wang Haoyu;Yang Lei;Yu Zhaoliang(Department of Psychology,Wuhan University,Wuhan,430072;Department of Social,Health and Organisational Psychology,Utrecht University,Utrecht,The Netherlands,3584 CS;Department of Psychology,Fuzhou University,Fuzhou,350108)
出处
《心理科学》
北大核心
2025年第3期686-697,共12页
Journal of Psychological Science
关键词
委屈
原型分析
情绪
本土心理学
文化
weiqu
prototype analysis
emotion
indigenous psychology
culture
