Herein we report the facial detection of formaldehyde(FA)by using an interesting red acidichromic carbon dots(ACDs)which turns blue when pH gradually decreases.The color change was attributed to the conversion between...Herein we report the facial detection of formaldehyde(FA)by using an interesting red acidichromic carbon dots(ACDs)which turns blue when pH gradually decreases.The color change was attributed to the conversion between the double bonds(C=N)and single bonds(C-N)on the surface of the ACDs.Inspired by the reaction between FA and ammonium chloride that produces H^(+)and methenamine and decrease the pH value of the solution,a fast and simple visual detection method for FA was found with a minimum discriminated concentration of 0.04 mol/L.A fluorescence detection method for FA was also found with LOD of 0.029 mol/L and FA in real sample,e.g.,shredded squid was successfully analyzed.This work provides a new idea of developing fast visual detection method for daily monitor or in-site semiquantitative assessment on FA.展开更多
The energy centers of eukaryotic cells,known as mitochondria,are crucial for human and animal health and physiological functions.Mitochondria exhibit unique characteristics in multiple aspects,as they participate in e...The energy centers of eukaryotic cells,known as mitochondria,are crucial for human and animal health and physiological functions.Mitochondria exhibit unique characteristics in multiple aspects,as they participate in energy production and affect calcium homeostasis,proliferation,and programmed cell death.The mitochondria contain inner DNA that functions with nuclear DNA to influence regulatory processes and division.Moreover,this duality of DNA appears in the progression of mitochondrial disorders.These mitochondrial diseases,inherited or acquired,are a group of bioenergetic illnesses caused by mutations and alterations in crucial energy genes and functions.Many of these genetic changes increase during aging,leading to disorders connected to environmental stress.Mitochondrial diseases are a risk factor for domestic animals and can occur when a disorder develops due to heart,neurological,performance,or infertility problems.This review comprehensively analyzes diseases caused by inherited(primary)or environmental(secondary)damage to mtDNA and mitochondrial functions and their diagnostic possibilities in domestic animals.We will examine how to identify these issues,how they develop,and what we can do to provide our domestic animals with the best diagnostics.展开更多
In designing modern vessels, calculating the propulsion performance of ships in ice is important, including propeller effective thrust, number of revolutions, consumed power, and ship speed. Such calculations allow fo...In designing modern vessels, calculating the propulsion performance of ships in ice is important, including propeller effective thrust, number of revolutions, consumed power, and ship speed. Such calculations allow for more accurate prediction of the ice performance of a designed ship and provide inputs for designers of ship power and automation systems. Preliminary calculations of ship propulsion and thrust characteristics in ice can enable predictions of full-scale ice resistance without measuring the propeller thrust during sea trials. Measuring propeller revolutions,ship speed, and the power delivered to propellers could be sufficient to determine the propeller thrust of the vessel. At present, significant difficulties arise in determining the thrust of icebreakers and ice-class ships in ice conditions. These challenges are related to the fact that the traditional system of propeller/hull interaction coefficients does not function correctly in ice conditions. The wake fraction becomes negative and tends to minus infinity starting from a certain value of the propeller advance coefficient. This issue prevents accurate determination of the performance characteristics, thrust, and rotational speed of the propulsors. In this study, an alternative system of propeller/hull interaction coefficients for ice is proposed. It enables the calculation of all propulsion parameters in ice based on standard hydrodynamic tests with selfpropulsion models. An experimental method is developed to determine alternative propeller/hull interaction coefficients. A prediction method is suggested to determine propulsion performance in ice based on the alternative interaction coefficient system. A case study applying the propulsion prediction method for ice conditions is provided. This study also discusses the following issues of ship operation in ice: the scale effect of icebreaker propellers and the prospects for introducing an ice interaction coefficient.展开更多
Existing icing detection technologies face challenges when applied to small and medium-sized aircraft,especially electric vertical take-off and landing(eVTOL)aircraft that meet the needs of low-altitude economic devel...Existing icing detection technologies face challenges when applied to small and medium-sized aircraft,especially electric vertical take-off and landing(eVTOL)aircraft that meet the needs of low-altitude economic development.This study proposes a data-driven icing detection method based on rotor performance evolution.Through dry-air baseline tests and dynamic icing comparative experiments(wind speed 0—30 m/s,rotational speed 0—3000 r/min,collective pitch 0°—8°)of a 0.6 m rotor in the FL-61 icing wind tunnel,a multi-source heterogeneous dataset containing motion parameters,aerodynamic parameters,and icing state identifiers is constructed.An innovative signal processing architecture combining adaptive Kalman filtering and moving average cascading is adopted.And a comparative study is conducted on the performance of support vector machine(SVM),multilayer perceptron(MLP),and random forest(RF)algorithms,achieving real-time identification of icing states in rotating components.Experimental results demonstrate that the method exhibits a minimum detection latency of 6.9 s and 96%overall accuracy in reserved test cases,featuring low-latency and low false-alarm,providing a sensor-free lightweight solution for light/vertical takeoff and landing aircraft.展开更多
Rice grain size is a primary characteristic essential for artificial domestication and breeding,governed by grain length,width,and thickness.In this study,we cloned Grain Size 10(GS10),a novel gene via mapbased clonin...Rice grain size is a primary characteristic essential for artificial domestication and breeding,governed by grain length,width,and thickness.In this study,we cloned Grain Size 10(GS10),a novel gene via mapbased cloning.Biochemical,molecular,and genetic studies were performed to elucidate the GS10 involved grain size mechanism in rice.Mutant of GS10 lead to reduced grain size due to alterations in cell expansion.Additionally,GS10 is responsible for the formation of notched-belly grains,especially in smaller grain varieties possessing loss-function mutations.Overexpression of GS10 in Nipponbare results in increasing grain length,grain weight and improve the appearance quality of rice.GS10 encodes conserved protein with uncharacterized function.Furthermore,GS10 regulates the grain size by interacting OsBRICK1,a subunit of the WAVE complex that governs actin nucleation and affects the assembly of microfilaments in rice.Together,our study demonstrates that,GS10 positively regulates the grain length and grain weight,which is beneficial for further improvements in yield characteristics.展开更多
Data-driven deep-learning models have shown outstanding performance in global weather forecasting.Understanding the dynamic response processes within these models is crucial for comprehending the embedded physical pro...Data-driven deep-learning models have shown outstanding performance in global weather forecasting.Understanding the dynamic response processes within these models is crucial for comprehending the embedded physical processes and sources of predictability.By applying the classic tropical steady heating experiment to the Pangu-Weather deep-learning model during the austral winter background state,we observe a classic Matsuno-Gill response in the tropics and planetary Rossby waves propagating to the polar regions.The results of the Pangu-Weather model are consistent with those of traditional physics-based general circulation models(GCMs):convective heating forcing in the tropical Atlantic and western Indian Ocean,and convective cooling forcing in the Maritime Continent all deepen the Amundsen Sea Low(ASL),while convective heating forcing in the western Pacific weakens the ASL.The Pangu-Weather model has learned that these tropical basins jointly and linearly regulate the atmospheric circulation around West Antarctica through Rossby waves.However,the Pangu-Weather model overestimates(underestimates)atmospheric responses of heating in the tropical Pacific(Indian and Atlantic)Ocean compared with traditional GCMs,with a much larger contribution of Pacific heating forcing than other basins in changes of the ASL.The physics learned from reanalysis data may be the source of these deep-learning models’predictability,and the accuracy of extended-range forecasting and the potential of seasonal forecasting using deep-learning models may be influenced by overestimation or underestimation of the role of the tropical Pacific,Indian,and Atlantic Oceans.展开更多
Chronic hepatitis B(CHB)is a global health issue that increases the risk of liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma in infected patients.Metabolic syndrome(Met S)is a disease endemic mostly to the developed count...Chronic hepatitis B(CHB)is a global health issue that increases the risk of liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma in infected patients.Metabolic syndrome(Met S)is a disease endemic mostly to the developed countries.It is associated with high cardiovascular mortality and morbidity,diabetes mellitus as well as cancer.In this manuscript,we systematically review the published data on the relationship between Met S and CHB infection.Multiple studies have described highly variable correlations between CHB on one hand and Met S,non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and dyslipidemia on the other.No association between CHB and diabetes mellitus or atherosclerosis has been described as of now.The presence of Met S in patients infected with hepatitis B virus increases the risk of fibrosis,cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma.Appropriate lifestyle,but also pharmacological interventions are needed to prevent the development of these complications.展开更多
Doping effects of manganese （Mn） on catalytic performance and structure evolution of NiMgO catalysts for synthesis of multi-walled carbon nanotubes （MWCNTs） from methane were investigated for the first time. Addit...Doping effects of manganese （Mn） on catalytic performance and structure evolution of NiMgO catalysts for synthesis of multi-walled carbon nanotubes （MWCNTs） from methane were investigated for the first time. Addition of Mn in NiMgO catalyst can greatly improve the MWCNTs yield. Mno.2NiMgO catalyst among the tested ones gives the highest MWCNTs yield as 2244%, which is two times higher than that of the catalyst without Mn. The structure evolution, reduction behaviors and surface chemical properties of MnNiMgO catalysts with various Mn contents were studied in detail. It was found that the stable solid solution of NiMgO2 formed in NiMgO catalyst was disturbed by the addition of Mn. Instead, another solid solution of MnMg608 is formed. More amount of Ni can be reduced and dispersed on the catalyst surface to be acted as active sites. Importantly, the changes of Ni content on the surface are correlated with the Ni particle size and the outer diameter of MWCNTs, suggesting the controllable synthesis of MWCNTs over MnNiMgO catalysts.展开更多
Ionizing radiation caused by medical treatments,nuclear events or even space flights can irreversibly damage structure and function of brain cells.That can result in serious brain damage,with memory and behavior disor...Ionizing radiation caused by medical treatments,nuclear events or even space flights can irreversibly damage structure and function of brain cells.That can result in serious brain damage,with memory and behavior disorders,or even fatal oncologic or neurodegenerative illnesses.Currently used treatments and drugs are mostly targeting biochemical processes of cell apoptosis,radiation toxicity,neuroinflammation,and conditions such as cognitive-behavioral disturbances or others that result from the radiation insult.With most drugs,the side effects and potential toxicity are also to be considered.Therefore,many agents have not been approved for clinical use yet.In this review,we focus on the latest and most effective agents that have been used in animal and also in the human research,and clinical treatments.They could have the potential therapeutical use in cases of radiation damage of central nervous system,and also in prevention considering their radioprotecting effect of nervous tissue.展开更多
The introduced mathematical model takes into account the role of the kinetic fractionation effect in a supersaturation environment at the ice surface as liquid and solid phases coexist in mixed cloud. Using the model,...The introduced mathematical model takes into account the role of the kinetic fractionation effect in a supersaturation environment at the ice surface as liquid and solid phases coexist in mixed cloud. Using the model, the temperature effect of stable isotopes in precipitation is simulated under different cooling conditions. The rate of change of δ18O against temperature in the process of wet adiabatic cooling is smaller than in the process of isobaric cooling under the same humidity. The increasing supersaturation ratio at the ice surface, Si, leads to the strengthening of the kinetic fractionation effect. The kinetic fractionation function makes the synthesis fractionation factor decreased and the change of δ18O with temperature flatted, compared with that in the equilibrium state. The simulated results show that the slope parameter b and the intercept d of the meteoric water line (MWL), 6D = bδ18O+d, in wet adiabatic cooling are both greater than those in isobaric cooling. The global MWL lies between the two MWLs simulated under wet adiabatic and isobaric cooling processes, respectively. The magnitudes of 6 and d are directly proportional to Si. The greater the Si, the stronger the kinetic fractionation effect, and thus the greater the 6 and d, and vice versa. However, 6 and d have low sensitivity to the liquid-water contents in the cloud. Using the kinetic fractionation model, the variation of stable isotopes in precipitation at Uriimqi is simulated. The simulated stable isotopic ratio vs temperature and the SD vs δ18O curves are very consistent with the actual regressions and MWL at Uriimqi, respectively.展开更多
Nowadays, the material recycling is a growing trend in development of building materials and therefore using of secondary raw materials for production new building materials is in accordance with sustainable developme...Nowadays, the material recycling is a growing trend in development of building materials and therefore using of secondary raw materials for production new building materials is in accordance with sustainable development in civil engineering. Therefore, it is increasingly becoming crucial to accelerate the transition from application of non-renewable sources of raw materials to renewable raw materials. One fast renewable resource is natural plant fibers. The use of the cellulosic fibers as environmentally friendly material in building products contributes to the environmental protection and saves non-renewable resources of raw materials. Wood fibers and recycled cellulose fibers of waste paper appear as suited reinforcing elements for cement-based materials. In this paper, there is used application of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) on cellulose fibers coming from different sources. FTIR spectra of cellulose fiber samples are investigated and compared with reference sample of cellulose.展开更多
基金support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.21804062,52071171,and 52202248)Liaoning BaiQianWan Talents Program(No.LNBQW2018B0048)+8 种基金Shenyang Science and Technology Project(No.21-108-9-04)Key Research Project of Department of Education of Liaoning Province(No.LJKZZ20220015)Australian Research Council(ARC)through Future Fellowship(No.FT210100298)Discovery Project(No.DP220100603)Linkage Project(Nos.LP210200504,LP220100088,and LP230200897)Industrial Transformation Research Hub(No.IH240100009)schemesthe Australian Government through the Cooperative Research Centres Projects(No.CRCPXIII000077)the Australian Renewable Energy Agency(ARENA)as part of ARENA’s Transformative Research Accelerating Commercialisation Program(No.TM021)European Commission’s Australia-Spain Network for Innovation and Research Excellence(AuSpire).
文摘Herein we report the facial detection of formaldehyde(FA)by using an interesting red acidichromic carbon dots(ACDs)which turns blue when pH gradually decreases.The color change was attributed to the conversion between the double bonds(C=N)and single bonds(C-N)on the surface of the ACDs.Inspired by the reaction between FA and ammonium chloride that produces H^(+)and methenamine and decrease the pH value of the solution,a fast and simple visual detection method for FA was found with a minimum discriminated concentration of 0.04 mol/L.A fluorescence detection method for FA was also found with LOD of 0.029 mol/L and FA in real sample,e.g.,shredded squid was successfully analyzed.This work provides a new idea of developing fast visual detection method for daily monitor or in-site semiquantitative assessment on FA.
基金funded by the Hungarian National Recovery Fu nd budget estimate,RRF-2.3.1-21 funding schemethe support provided by the Recovery and Resilience Facility (RRF),under the RRF-2.3.1-21-2022-00001Project Grant
文摘The energy centers of eukaryotic cells,known as mitochondria,are crucial for human and animal health and physiological functions.Mitochondria exhibit unique characteristics in multiple aspects,as they participate in energy production and affect calcium homeostasis,proliferation,and programmed cell death.The mitochondria contain inner DNA that functions with nuclear DNA to influence regulatory processes and division.Moreover,this duality of DNA appears in the progression of mitochondrial disorders.These mitochondrial diseases,inherited or acquired,are a group of bioenergetic illnesses caused by mutations and alterations in crucial energy genes and functions.Many of these genetic changes increase during aging,leading to disorders connected to environmental stress.Mitochondrial diseases are a risk factor for domestic animals and can occur when a disorder develops due to heart,neurological,performance,or infertility problems.This review comprehensively analyzes diseases caused by inherited(primary)or environmental(secondary)damage to mtDNA and mitochondrial functions and their diagnostic possibilities in domestic animals.We will examine how to identify these issues,how they develop,and what we can do to provide our domestic animals with the best diagnostics.
基金supported by a grant No. 23-19-00039 of Russian Research Fund “Theoretical basis and application tools for developing a system of intellectual fleet planning and support of decisions on Arctic navigation”。
文摘In designing modern vessels, calculating the propulsion performance of ships in ice is important, including propeller effective thrust, number of revolutions, consumed power, and ship speed. Such calculations allow for more accurate prediction of the ice performance of a designed ship and provide inputs for designers of ship power and automation systems. Preliminary calculations of ship propulsion and thrust characteristics in ice can enable predictions of full-scale ice resistance without measuring the propeller thrust during sea trials. Measuring propeller revolutions,ship speed, and the power delivered to propellers could be sufficient to determine the propeller thrust of the vessel. At present, significant difficulties arise in determining the thrust of icebreakers and ice-class ships in ice conditions. These challenges are related to the fact that the traditional system of propeller/hull interaction coefficients does not function correctly in ice conditions. The wake fraction becomes negative and tends to minus infinity starting from a certain value of the propeller advance coefficient. This issue prevents accurate determination of the performance characteristics, thrust, and rotational speed of the propulsors. In this study, an alternative system of propeller/hull interaction coefficients for ice is proposed. It enables the calculation of all propulsion parameters in ice based on standard hydrodynamic tests with selfpropulsion models. An experimental method is developed to determine alternative propeller/hull interaction coefficients. A prediction method is suggested to determine propulsion performance in ice based on the alternative interaction coefficient system. A case study applying the propulsion prediction method for ice conditions is provided. This study also discusses the following issues of ship operation in ice: the scale effect of icebreaker propellers and the prospects for introducing an ice interaction coefficient.
基金supported in part by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2022YFE0203700)the Aeronautical Science Foundation of China(No.2023Z010027001)。
文摘Existing icing detection technologies face challenges when applied to small and medium-sized aircraft,especially electric vertical take-off and landing(eVTOL)aircraft that meet the needs of low-altitude economic development.This study proposes a data-driven icing detection method based on rotor performance evolution.Through dry-air baseline tests and dynamic icing comparative experiments(wind speed 0—30 m/s,rotational speed 0—3000 r/min,collective pitch 0°—8°)of a 0.6 m rotor in the FL-61 icing wind tunnel,a multi-source heterogeneous dataset containing motion parameters,aerodynamic parameters,and icing state identifiers is constructed.An innovative signal processing architecture combining adaptive Kalman filtering and moving average cascading is adopted.And a comparative study is conducted on the performance of support vector machine(SVM),multilayer perceptron(MLP),and random forest(RF)algorithms,achieving real-time identification of icing states in rotating components.Experimental results demonstrate that the method exhibits a minimum detection latency of 6.9 s and 96%overall accuracy in reserved test cases,featuring low-latency and low false-alarm,providing a sensor-free lightweight solution for light/vertical takeoff and landing aircraft.
基金supported by Projects of International Cooperation NSFC(31961143016,31101203)Guizhou Provincial Science and Technology Projects(QKHJC-ZK[2022]YB537)+4 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds of Central Public Welfare Research Institutions(CPSIBRF-CNRRI-202102,Y2020YJ17)Independent Project of State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology(2020Z2KT10201)High-quality and Resistant Hybrid Rice Germplasm Creation and New Varieties Development with International Competitiveness(2022KJCX45,YBXM2437)Zhejiang Provincial Science and Technology Projects(2022R51009)Inner Mongolia Breeding Joint Research Project(YZ2023004).
文摘Rice grain size is a primary characteristic essential for artificial domestication and breeding,governed by grain length,width,and thickness.In this study,we cloned Grain Size 10(GS10),a novel gene via mapbased cloning.Biochemical,molecular,and genetic studies were performed to elucidate the GS10 involved grain size mechanism in rice.Mutant of GS10 lead to reduced grain size due to alterations in cell expansion.Additionally,GS10 is responsible for the formation of notched-belly grains,especially in smaller grain varieties possessing loss-function mutations.Overexpression of GS10 in Nipponbare results in increasing grain length,grain weight and improve the appearance quality of rice.GS10 encodes conserved protein with uncharacterized function.Furthermore,GS10 regulates the grain size by interacting OsBRICK1,a subunit of the WAVE complex that governs actin nucleation and affects the assembly of microfilaments in rice.Together,our study demonstrates that,GS10 positively regulates the grain length and grain weight,which is beneficial for further improvements in yield characteristics.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos.42288101 and 42175025)the National Key Research and Devel-opment Program of China (Grant No. 2023YFF0806700)
文摘Data-driven deep-learning models have shown outstanding performance in global weather forecasting.Understanding the dynamic response processes within these models is crucial for comprehending the embedded physical processes and sources of predictability.By applying the classic tropical steady heating experiment to the Pangu-Weather deep-learning model during the austral winter background state,we observe a classic Matsuno-Gill response in the tropics and planetary Rossby waves propagating to the polar regions.The results of the Pangu-Weather model are consistent with those of traditional physics-based general circulation models(GCMs):convective heating forcing in the tropical Atlantic and western Indian Ocean,and convective cooling forcing in the Maritime Continent all deepen the Amundsen Sea Low(ASL),while convective heating forcing in the western Pacific weakens the ASL.The Pangu-Weather model has learned that these tropical basins jointly and linearly regulate the atmospheric circulation around West Antarctica through Rossby waves.However,the Pangu-Weather model overestimates(underestimates)atmospheric responses of heating in the tropical Pacific(Indian and Atlantic)Ocean compared with traditional GCMs,with a much larger contribution of Pacific heating forcing than other basins in changes of the ASL.The physics learned from reanalysis data may be the source of these deep-learning models’predictability,and the accuracy of extended-range forecasting and the potential of seasonal forecasting using deep-learning models may be influenced by overestimation or underestimation of the role of the tropical Pacific,Indian,and Atlantic Oceans.
文摘Chronic hepatitis B(CHB)is a global health issue that increases the risk of liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma in infected patients.Metabolic syndrome(Met S)is a disease endemic mostly to the developed countries.It is associated with high cardiovascular mortality and morbidity,diabetes mellitus as well as cancer.In this manuscript,we systematically review the published data on the relationship between Met S and CHB infection.Multiple studies have described highly variable correlations between CHB on one hand and Met S,non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and dyslipidemia on the other.No association between CHB and diabetes mellitus or atherosclerosis has been described as of now.The presence of Met S in patients infected with hepatitis B virus increases the risk of fibrosis,cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma.Appropriate lifestyle,but also pharmacological interventions are needed to prevent the development of these complications.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(20776089)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2014NZYQN20)
文摘Doping effects of manganese （Mn） on catalytic performance and structure evolution of NiMgO catalysts for synthesis of multi-walled carbon nanotubes （MWCNTs） from methane were investigated for the first time. Addition of Mn in NiMgO catalyst can greatly improve the MWCNTs yield. Mno.2NiMgO catalyst among the tested ones gives the highest MWCNTs yield as 2244%, which is two times higher than that of the catalyst without Mn. The structure evolution, reduction behaviors and surface chemical properties of MnNiMgO catalysts with various Mn contents were studied in detail. It was found that the stable solid solution of NiMgO2 formed in NiMgO catalyst was disturbed by the addition of Mn. Instead, another solid solution of MnMg608 is formed. More amount of Ni can be reduced and dispersed on the catalyst surface to be acted as active sites. Importantly, the changes of Ni content on the surface are correlated with the Ni particle size and the outer diameter of MWCNTs, suggesting the controllable synthesis of MWCNTs over MnNiMgO catalysts.
文摘Ionizing radiation caused by medical treatments,nuclear events or even space flights can irreversibly damage structure and function of brain cells.That can result in serious brain damage,with memory and behavior disorders,or even fatal oncologic or neurodegenerative illnesses.Currently used treatments and drugs are mostly targeting biochemical processes of cell apoptosis,radiation toxicity,neuroinflammation,and conditions such as cognitive-behavioral disturbances or others that result from the radiation insult.With most drugs,the side effects and potential toxicity are also to be considered.Therefore,many agents have not been approved for clinical use yet.In this review,we focus on the latest and most effective agents that have been used in animal and also in the human research,and clinical treatments.They could have the potential therapeutical use in cases of radiation damage of central nervous system,and also in prevention considering their radioprotecting effect of nervous tissue.
基金This work was supported by the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (863 Program, Grant No. 2002AA135360), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 40271025), the National Key Research Project (Grant No.
文摘The introduced mathematical model takes into account the role of the kinetic fractionation effect in a supersaturation environment at the ice surface as liquid and solid phases coexist in mixed cloud. Using the model, the temperature effect of stable isotopes in precipitation is simulated under different cooling conditions. The rate of change of δ18O against temperature in the process of wet adiabatic cooling is smaller than in the process of isobaric cooling under the same humidity. The increasing supersaturation ratio at the ice surface, Si, leads to the strengthening of the kinetic fractionation effect. The kinetic fractionation function makes the synthesis fractionation factor decreased and the change of δ18O with temperature flatted, compared with that in the equilibrium state. The simulated results show that the slope parameter b and the intercept d of the meteoric water line (MWL), 6D = bδ18O+d, in wet adiabatic cooling are both greater than those in isobaric cooling. The global MWL lies between the two MWLs simulated under wet adiabatic and isobaric cooling processes, respectively. The magnitudes of 6 and d are directly proportional to Si. The greater the Si, the stronger the kinetic fractionation effect, and thus the greater the 6 and d, and vice versa. However, 6 and d have low sensitivity to the liquid-water contents in the cloud. Using the kinetic fractionation model, the variation of stable isotopes in precipitation at Uriimqi is simulated. The simulated stable isotopic ratio vs temperature and the SD vs δ18O curves are very consistent with the actual regressions and MWL at Uriimqi, respectively.
文摘Nowadays, the material recycling is a growing trend in development of building materials and therefore using of secondary raw materials for production new building materials is in accordance with sustainable development in civil engineering. Therefore, it is increasingly becoming crucial to accelerate the transition from application of non-renewable sources of raw materials to renewable raw materials. One fast renewable resource is natural plant fibers. The use of the cellulosic fibers as environmentally friendly material in building products contributes to the environmental protection and saves non-renewable resources of raw materials. Wood fibers and recycled cellulose fibers of waste paper appear as suited reinforcing elements for cement-based materials. In this paper, there is used application of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) on cellulose fibers coming from different sources. FTIR spectra of cellulose fiber samples are investigated and compared with reference sample of cellulose.
