摘要
我国杰出的寒区水文学家叶柏生研究员不幸因公殉职.选取了叶柏生研究员若干代表性研究成果,包括与他人的合作研究成果,重点从冰川水文、冻土水文和区域水文变化三方面总结了其对寒区水文学发展所做的创新与贡献.文章列出了每项研究成果的核心内容,并给予了简要评述.所选成果中,冰川水文方面研究涉及冰川对河川径流的调节作用、冰川径流对气候变化的响应机理等;冻土水文研究着重介绍了多年冻土变化对流域径流过程及其变化影响方面的系统性成果;区域水文变化研究方面,选取了降水观测误差修正、气候变化对区域径流的影响等方面的创新成果.这些研究成果极大地提高了我国在世界寒区水文学研究的地位,对认识寒区水文过程及气候变化对水资源的影响具有重要科学意义.
Dr. YE Baisheng,an outstanding cold-region hydrologist,lost his life by a car accident in August 2012 during a field expedition on Tibetan Plateau.To remember his innovative contributions to advancement of cold region hydrology in China,we present in this report some of his original studies,mainly including his achievements in glacial hydrology,permafrost hydrology,and regional-and basin-scale hydrology,and climate change.In glacial hydrology studies,Dr.YE demonstrated that glacier coverage plays a critical role in regulating streamflow regime with a threshold value of 10% glacier coverage within a catchment.He found that runoff coefficients of variation(CV) become relatively independent on glacial coverage when the threshold value is greater than 10% within the catchment.Dr.YE developed a glacial dynamic model to simulate changes in alpine glaciers and their contributions to runoff in response to climate change.Using this dynamic model,Dr.YE found that as climate warms and glaciers retreat,glacier runoff trends firstly to increase and then decrease,with the runoff peak and timing depending not only on glacier sizes but also on the rate of air temperature rise.In permafrost hydrology studies,he and collaborators found a significant positive relationship between monthly mean maximum/minimum discharge ratio and basin permafrost coverage at high latitudes.Their results show that permafrost does not significantly affect streamflow regime in regions with permafrost coverage of <40%,while permafrost has a strongly impact on discharge regime for regions with permafrost coverage of >60%.Dr.YE and his collaborators found that the upper streams of the Lena River in Siberia,without much human impact,experience a runoff increase in winter,spring,and(particularly) summer seasons and a discharge decrease in autumn.This result suggested a hydrologic regime shift toward early snowmelt and higher summer streamflow probably due to regional climate warming and permafrost degradation in the southern Siberia.Dr.YE systematically corrected biases and mis-catchments in precipitation measurements over the past four to five decades for more than 700 precipitation gages/stations in China.Using the corrected precipitation data,he and collaborators found a statistically significant negative correlation of annual discharges between the Xinjiang Regions and the upper reaches of the Yellow River at the decadal scale.They further suggested that the discharge/precipitation variations in the upper reaches of the Yellow River are dominated by the East Asian summer monsoon,while their variations in Xinjiang are affected by both the west wind and East Asian summer monsoon.This finding highlighted the need to re-examine the causes of significant river flow decrease of the Yellow River.Dr.YE's scientific achievements and contributions have significantly improved our knowledge in the cold region hydrologic processes and enhanced our capability in predicting streamflow regime changes in response to climate change over the cold regions.
出处
《冰川冻土》
CSCD
北大核心
2012年第5期1009-1022,共14页
Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(41130638)资助
关键词
冰川水文
冻土水文
区域水文变化
气候变化
创新与贡献
叶柏生研究员
glacial hydrology
permafrost hydrology
regional-and basin-scale hydrology
climate change
scientific achievements and innovative contributions
Dr.YE Baisheng
