The global commitment to pivoting to sustainable energy and products calls for technology development to utilize solar energy for hydrogen(H_(2))and value-added chemicals production by biomass photoreforming.Herein,a ...The global commitment to pivoting to sustainable energy and products calls for technology development to utilize solar energy for hydrogen(H_(2))and value-added chemicals production by biomass photoreforming.Herein,a novel dual-functional marigold-like Zn_(x)Cd_(1-x)S homojunction has been the production of lactic acid with high-yield and H_(2)with high-efficiency by selective glucose photoreforming.The optimized Zn_(0.3)Cd_(0.7)S exhibits outstanding H_(2)generation(13.64 mmol h^(-1)g^(-1)),glucose conversion(96.40%),and lactic acid yield(76.80%),over 272.80 and 19.21 times higher than that of bare ZnS(0.05 mmol h^(-1)g^(-1))and CdS(0.71 mmol h^(-1)g^(-1))in H_(2)generation,respectively.The marigold-like morphology provides abundant active sites and sufficient substrates accessibility for the photocatalyst,while the specific role of the homojunction formed by hexagonal wurtzite(WZ)and cubic zinc blende(ZB)in photoreforming biomass has been demonstrated by density functional theory(DFT)calculations.Glucose is converted to lactic acid on the WZ surface of Zn_(0.3)Cd_(0.7)S via the photoactive species·O_(2)^(-),while the H_(2)is evolved from protons(H^(+))in H_(2)O on the ZB surface of Zn_(0.3)Cd_(0.7)S.This work paves a promising road for the production of sustainable energy and products by integrating photocatalysis and biorefine.展开更多
In recent years,researchers have increasingly focused on aqueous rechargeable Zn-ion batteries(AZIBs)as a cost-effective and safe alternative to lithium-ion batteries for energy storage.Nevertheless,the limited revers...In recent years,researchers have increasingly focused on aqueous rechargeable Zn-ion batteries(AZIBs)as a cost-effective and safe alternative to lithium-ion batteries for energy storage.Nevertheless,the limited reversibility of the Zn anode and the low coulombic efficiency of the electroplating process limit the application of AZIBs.In this work,pyrrole is employed as a cost-effective electrolyte additive for stabilizing the Zn anode for the first time.By altering the coordination environment of Zn(H2O)62+,chemical and hydrogen evolution corrosion was reduced,and a molecular interface layer was in-situ constructed on the surface of the metal Zn anode,thus effectively inhibiting the corrosion of Zn anode and the growth of dendrites.In addition,the molecular interface layer based on pyrrole can effectively regulate the uniform deposition of Zn ions and limit the 2D diffusion of Zn ions.Therefore,the electrochemical performance of the metal Zn anode is greatly improved in the pyrrole-based electrolyte.At the current density of 1 mA·cm^(-2),the stable cycle can exceed 1200 h,and the average Coulomb efficiency is as high as 99%.Moreover,the full battery can have more than 400 stable cycles with a reversible capacity 247.9 mAh·g^(-1)at a current density 0.5 A·g^(-1)when assembled with V2O5 cathodes.This work provides a simple and feasible strategy for realizing the high performance of aqueous Zn-ion batteries.展开更多
Non-centrosymmetric(NCS)crystalline structures,critical for second harmonic generation(SHG)in all-solid-state lasers,are far less prevalent than their centrosymmetric(Cs)counterparts.In this study,we report a structur...Non-centrosymmetric(NCS)crystalline structures,critical for second harmonic generation(SHG)in all-solid-state lasers,are far less prevalent than their centrosymmetric(Cs)counterparts.In this study,we report a structural transformation from CS to NCS configuration in benzenesulfonate derivatives via hydroxyl group incorporation,as illustrated by the transition in the newly discovered CN_(3)H_(6)C_(6)H_(5)SO_(3)(CS)and CN_(3)H_(6)C_(6)H_(5)SO_(3)(OH)(NCS).The introduced hydroxyl groups induce hydrogen bond reconstruction,effectively breaking the original centrosymmetry.The resulting NCS compound exhibits remarkable nonlinear optical(NLO)properties,including a strong SHG response(1.6×KDP with the particle sizes of 200250μm),a wide bandgap(UV cutoff at 290 nm,corresponding band gap is 4.37 eV),and a large birefringence(0.21@1064 nm),demonstrating excellent potential as an UV NLO crystal material.展开更多
The electrochemical nitric oxide reduction reaction(NORR)to NH_(3)represents a promising avenue for NO removal and NH_(3)synthesis.It is essential to develop catalysts with superior performance for this process.We sys...The electrochemical nitric oxide reduction reaction(NORR)to NH_(3)represents a promising avenue for NO removal and NH_(3)synthesis.It is essential to develop catalysts with superior performance for this process.We systematically studied a series of single-atom alloy catalysts(SAACs)with Pd single-atom dopants using density functional theory(DFT)calculations and machine learning(ML).Based on the energetic span model,we take G_(max)(η)as a descriptor to evaluate the reaction activity of SAACs.After comprehensively considering the stability,activity,and NH_(3)selectivity of SAACs,Cu and Pd/Cu SAAC are screened out as candidate NORR to NH_(3)catalysts.To predict the G_(max)(η)descriptor,the extreme gradient boosting regression(XGBR)ML algorithm was adopted with geometric/electronic properties of the SAACs as input features.Additionally,we proposed a mathematical formula to correlate the crucial features and the G_(max)(η)descriptor using the sure independence screening and sparsifying operator(SISSO)approach.This work provides an understanding of the complex NORR mechanisms and offers a strategy to rationally design highly efficient SAACs.展开更多
AIM: To observe and compare the effects of phytoestrogen genistein, resveratrol and 17β-estradiol on the tonic contraction and the phasic contraction of isolated gallbladder muscle strips and to study the underlying ...AIM: To observe and compare the effects of phytoestrogen genistein, resveratrol and 17β-estradiol on the tonic contraction and the phasic contraction of isolated gallbladder muscle strips and to study the underlying mechanisms. METHODS: Isolated strips of gallbladder muscle from guinea pigs were suspended in organ baths containing Kreb’s solution, and the contractilities of strips were measured before and after incubation with genistein, resveratrol and 17β-estradiol respectively. RESULTS: Similar to 17β-estradiol, genistein and resveratrol could dose-dependently inhibit the phasic contractile activities, they decreased the mean contractile amplitude and the contractile frequencies of gallbladder muscle strips, and also produced a marked reduction in resting tone. The blocker of estrogen receptor ICI 182780 failed to alter the inhibitory effects induced by genistein and resveratrol, but potassium bisperoxo (1, 10 phenanthroline) oxovanadate bpV (phen), a potent protein tyrosine phosphatase inhibitor, markedly attenuated the inhibitory effects induced by genistein and resveratrol. In calcium-free Kreb’ssolution containing 0.01 mmol/L egtazic acid (EGTA), genistein and resveratrol inhibited the first phasic contraction induced by acetylcholine (ACh), but did not affect the second contraction induced by CaCl_2. In addition, genistein, resveratrol and 17β-estradiol also could reduce the contractile responses of ACh and KCl, and shift their cumulative concentration-response curves rightward. CONCLUSION: Phytoestrogen genistein and resveratrol can directly inhibit the contractile activity of isolated gallbladder muscle both at rest and in response to stimulation. The mechanisms responsible for the inhibitory effects probably due mainly to inhibition of tyrosine kinase, Ca^(2+) influx through potential-dependent calcium channels (PDCs) and Ca^(2+) release from sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR), but were not related to the estrogen receptors.展开更多
AIM: To investigate the prevalence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotypes and their association with possible transmission routes in the general population of Lahore, as the data exclusively related to this city is limi...AIM: To investigate the prevalence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotypes and their association with possible transmission routes in the general population of Lahore, as the data exclusively related to this city is limited. METHODS: Complete data regarding patient's history, possible route of infection and biochemical tests was collected from the public hospital for 1364 patients. SPSS version 16 windows software was used for data analysis by univariate and multivariate techniques. RESULTS: Age range ≤ 40 years showed high prevalence of HCV infection. HCV genotype 3a was dominant (55.9%), followed by 1a (23.6%), 4a (12.5%), 3b (3.2%), untypable (2.5%), 4b (1.2%) and mixed type (1.2%). Blood transfusion, dental surgery and barber shops were the main risk factors for HCV transmission. Genotype prevalence was independent of age (P = 0.971) and gender (P = 0.122) while risk factors showed a significant association with age (P = 0.000) and genotypes (P = 0.000). We observed an independent association of risk factors and genotype 3a, while patients with genotype 1 and 4 were mostly infected due to dental surgery blood transfusion and barber shops. Risk factors of intravenous drug use and sexual exposure were exclusively found in ≤ 40 years age group. CONCLUSION: An increase in genotypes 1a and 4a suggest migration of people, possibly from Balochistan and the northern war-zone area. Government should focus on public education regarding infection routes.展开更多
AIM:To investigate the prevalence of chronic dyspnea and its relationship to respiratory muscle function in end-stage liver disease.METHODS:Sixty-eight consecutive,ambulatory,Caucasian patients with end-stage liver di...AIM:To investigate the prevalence of chronic dyspnea and its relationship to respiratory muscle function in end-stage liver disease.METHODS:Sixty-eight consecutive,ambulatory,Caucasian patients with end-stage liver disease,candidates for liver transplantation,were referred for preoperative respiratory function assessment.Forty of these(29 men) were included in this preliminary study after applying strict inclusion and exclusion criteria.Seventeen of 40 patients(42%) had ascites,but none of them was cachectic.Fifteen of 40 patients(38%)had a history of hepatic encephalopathy,though none of them was symptomatic at study time.All patients with a known history and/or presence of co-morbidities were excluded.Chronic dyspnea was rated according to the modified medical research council(mMRC) 6-point scale.Liver disease severity was assessed according to the Model for end-stage liver disease(MELD).Routine lung function tests,maximum static expiratory(Pemax) and inspiratory(Pimax) mouth pressures were measured.Respiratory muscle strength(RMS) was calculated from Pimax and Pemax values.In addition,arterial blood gases and pattern of breathing(VE:minute ventilation;VT:tidal volume;VT/TI:mean inspiratory flow;TI:duration of inspiration) were measured.RESULTS:Thirty-five(88%) of 40 patients aged(mean ± SD) 52 ± 10 years reported various degrees of chronic dyspnea(mMRC),ranging from 0 to 4,with a mean value of 2.0 ± 1.2.MELD score was 14 ± 6.Pemax,percent of predicted(%pred) was 105 ± 35,Pimax,%pred was 90 ± 29,and RMS,%pred was 97 ± 30.These pressures were below the normal limits in 12(30%),15(38%),and 14(35%) patients,respectively.Furthermore,comparing the subgroups of ascites to non-ascites patients,all respiratory muscle indices measured were found significantly decreased in ascites patients.Patients with ascites also had a significantly worse MELD score compared to non-ascites ones(P = 0.006).Significant correlations were found between chronic dyspnea and respiratory muscle function indices in all patients.Specifically,mMRC score was significantly correlated with Pemax,Pimax,and RMS(r =-0.53,P < 0.001;r =-0.42,P < 0.01;r =-0.51,P < 0.001,respectively).These correlations were substantially closer in the non-ascites subgroup(r =-0.82,P < 0.0001;r =-0.61,P < 0.01;r =-0.79,P < 0.0001,respectively) compared to all patients.Similar results were found for the relationship between mMRC vs MELD score,and MELD score vs respiratory muscle strength indices.In all patients the sole predictor of mMRC score was RMS(r =-0.51,P < 0.001).In the subgroup of patients without ascites this relationship becomes closer(r =-0.79,P < 0.001),whilst this relationship breaks down in the subgroup of patients with ascites.The disappearance of such a correlation may be due to the fact that ascites acts as a "confounding" factor.PaCO2(4.4 ± 0.5 kPa) was increased,whereas pH(7.49 ± 0.04) was decreased in 26(65%) and 34(85%) patients,respectively.PaO2(12.3 ± 0.04 kPa) was within normal limits.VE(11.5 ± 3.5 L/min),VT(0.735 ± 0.287 L),and VT/TI(0.449±0.129 L/s) were increased signifying hyperventilation in both subgroups of patients.VT/TI was significantly higher in patients with ascites than without ascites.Significant correlations,albeit weak,were found for PaCO2 with VE and VT/TI(r =-0.44,P < 0.01;r =-0.41,P < 0.01,respectively).CONCLUSION:The prevalence of chronic dyspnea is 88% in end-stage liver disease.The mMRC score closely correlates with respiratory muscle strength.展开更多
Objective The aim of this study was to compare the long-term local control, overall survival, and late toxicities of positron emission tomography/computed tomography （PET/CT）-guided dose escalation radio- therapy ve...Objective The aim of this study was to compare the long-term local control, overall survival, and late toxicities of positron emission tomography/computed tomography （PET/CT）-guided dose escalation radio- therapy versus conventional radiotherapy in the concurrent chemoradiotherapy treatment of locally ad- vanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma （NPC）. Methods Atotal of 48 patients with stage IIl-IVa NPC were recruited and randomly administered PET/CT- guided dose escalation chemoradiotherapy （group A） or conventional chemoradiotherapy （group B）. The dose-escalation radiotherapy was performed using the simultaneous modulated accelerated radiotherapy technique at prescribed doses of 77 gray （Gy） in 32 fractions （f） to the gross target volume （GTV）： planning target volume （PTV） 1 received 64 Gy/32 f, while PTV2 received 54.4 Gy/32 f. Patients in group B received uniform-dose intensity-modulated radiotherapy, PTV1 received 70 Gy/35 f and PTV2 received 58 Gy/29 f. Concurrent chemotherapy consisted of cisplatin [20 mg/m2 intravenous （IV） on days 1-4] and docetaxel （75 mg/m2 IV on days 1 and 8） administered during treatment weeks 1 and 4. All patients received 2-4 cycles of adjuvant chemotherapy of the same dose and drug regimen. Results The use of fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose （18F-FDG） PET/CT significantly reduced the treat- ment volume delineation of the GTV in 83.3% （20/24） of patients. The 5-year local recurrence-free survival rates of the two groups were 100% and 79.2%, respectively （P = 0.019）. The 5-year disease free survival （DFS） rates were 95.8% and 75.0%, respectively （P = 0.018）. The 5-year local progression-free survival and DFS rates were significantly different. The 5-year overall survival （OS） rates were 95.8% and 79.2%, re- spectively. Differences in OS improvement were insignificant （P = 0.079）. Late toxicities were similar in the two groups. The most common late toxicities of the two arms were grade 1-2 skin dystrophy, xerostomia, subcutaneous fibrosis, and hearing loss. There were no cases of grade 4 late toxicity. Conclusion The use of 18F-FDG PET/CT-guided dose escalation radiotherapy is well tolerated and can reduce local recurrence rates for patients with locally advanced NPC compared to conventional chemora- diotherapy.展开更多
The 〈 110 〉 -oriented TTb0.3Dy0.7Fe1.95 polycrystalline alloy was magnetically annealed, and its influence on jump effect of magnetostriction was investigated. In the vacuum superconductive high magnetic field equip...The 〈 110 〉 -oriented TTb0.3Dy0.7Fe1.95 polycrystalline alloy was magnetically annealed, and its influence on jump effect of magnetostriction was investigated. In the vacuum superconductive high magnetic field equipment, 〈 110 〉 -oriented Tb0.3Dy0.7Fe1.95 polycrystalline alloy of the directional solidification was annealed at 623 and 723 K for 5 min under the magnetic field vertical to specimen axis. It is found that magnetic annealing can enhance the jump effect under compressive stress, and increase the saturated magnetostriction coefficient λs, the λs of the magnetic annealing specimens at 623 K under 8.1 MPa is attained to 1950 × 10^-6, Magnetic annealing increases the maximum of dynamic magnetostriction coefficient, d33^max, as well as the magnetic field for d33^max under 8.1 MPa.展开更多
It is challenging to cooperatively improve the nonlinear optical(NLO)efficiency and the laser-induced damage threshold(LIDT).This work reports a novel IR NLO materials CsInP_(2)S_(7)(CIPS)designed by combination the s...It is challenging to cooperatively improve the nonlinear optical(NLO)efficiency and the laser-induced damage threshold(LIDT).This work reports a novel IR NLO materials CsInP_(2)S_(7)(CIPS)designed by combination the strategies of alkali metals substitution and microscopic NLO units PS4 introduction based on AgGaS_(2).CIPS was composed of strongly distorted[InS_(6)]^(9-)octahedra and[P_(2)S_(7)]4-dimers constructed by corner-sharing[PS_(4)]^(3-),which increase the NLO efficiency and decrease thermal expansion anisotropy simultaneously.Compared with AgGaS_(2),CIPS exhibited strong phase matchable NLO response ca.1.1×AGS@2.1μm,high LIDT ca.20.8×AgGaS_(2),and IR transparency up to 15.3μm.Structural analysis and theoretical investigation confirmed that large SHG effect and ultrahigh LIDT of CIPS originated from the synergistic contribution of[InS_(6)]^(9-)octahedra and[P_(2)S_(7)]4-dimers.These results indicate that CIPS is a promising NLO candidate in the mid-IR region,and this study provides a new approach for developing potential NLO-LIDT compatible materials.展开更多
Aqueous zinc-ion batteries(AZIBs)are regarded as one of the most promising rivals in the upcoming high-energy secondary battery market because of their safety and non-toxicity.However,the zinc dendrites growth and hyd...Aqueous zinc-ion batteries(AZIBs)are regarded as one of the most promising rivals in the upcoming high-energy secondary battery market because of their safety and non-toxicity.However,the zinc dendrites growth and hydrogen evolution corrosion of the Zn anode have seriously restricted the application of AZIBs.Herein,to overcome these constraints,a three-dimensional(3D)porous PFA-COOH-CNT artificial solid electrolyte interface(SEl)film with high hydrophobic and zincophilic properties was constructed on Zn anode surface by in-situ polymerization of furfuryl alcohol(FA)and carboxyl carbon nanotubes(COOH-CNT).A series of in-situ,ex-situ characterizations as well as the density functional theory(DFT)calculations reveal that the formed PFA-COOH-CNT SEI film with an abundant oxygen-containing group can provide abundant zincophilic sites and induce homogeneous deposition of Zn^(2+),as well as the hydrophobic alkyl and carbon skeleton in PFA-COOH-CNT SEI film can isolate the direct contact of H_(2)O with Zn anode,and inhibit the occurrence of hydrogen evolution reaction(HER).Accordingly,the Zn anode with PFA-COOH-CNT layer can attain an ultra-long cycle life of 2200 h at 1 mA·cm^(-2),1 mAh·cm^(-2).Simultaneously,the assembled PFA-COOH-CNT@ZnllV2Os full cell can also achieve a high reversible capacity of up to 150.2 mAh•g^(-1) at 1 A·g^(-1) after 400 cycles,with a high average coulombic efficiency(CE)of 98.8%.The designed PFA-COOH-CNT artificial SEI film provides a broad prospect for highly stable zinc anode,and can also be extended to other energy storage systems based on metal anodes.展开更多
Pesticide exposure has been associated with various health conditions like asthma,Parkinson’s disease,Alzheimer’s disease,genetic disorders,epigenetic changes,oxidative stress,and hormonal disruption.Recent evidence...Pesticide exposure has been associated with various health conditions like asthma,Parkinson’s disease,Alzheimer’s disease,genetic disorders,epigenetic changes,oxidative stress,and hormonal disruption.Recent evidence suggests that infants are more vulnerable to pesticides(such as rotenone)than adults.Although the disease has already been clinically characterized,no treatment has yet been developed to improve pathology or prevent developmental toxicity.Therefore,the purpose of this study was to investigate whether thymoquinone(TQ)from Nigella sativa seeds could ameliorate rotenone(ROT)-induced developmental damage in both Drosophila melanogaster ovary and third instar larvae.Female adult wild-type flies and third instar larvae(72±2 h after egg laying)were exposed to ROT and/or TQ through food for 48 and 24 h respectively.Results indicate that coexposure of TQ inhibits ROT-induced increased oxidative stress and alleviates abnormal antioxidant enzyme activities.Further,TQ alters developmental gene expression(Bacoid,Oscar,Nanos,and Gurken),impedes mitochondrial dysfunction,and reduces apoptosis in ROT induced ovary.In addition,TQ changes ROT induced abnormal crawling behaviour,cholinergic dysfunction,and dopamine depletion to normal levels in third instar larvae.Also,TQ reduces pupation and emergence time in ROT induced third instar larvae.The above findings demonstrate that ROT exposure during early developmental stages is inevitable,and TQ supplementation prevents developmental toxicity in the Drosophila ovary and third instar larvae.A diet enriched TQ provides a ray of hope in preventing ROT induced developmental toxicity.展开更多
Emamectin benzoate(EMZ)is widely used in agriculture;however,its potential non-target neurotoxic effects remain underexplored.This study investigates the protective role of lutein(LUT),a dietary carotenoid,against EMZ...Emamectin benzoate(EMZ)is widely used in agriculture;however,its potential non-target neurotoxic effects remain underexplored.This study investigates the protective role of lutein(LUT),a dietary carotenoid,against EMZ-induced neurotoxicity in Drosophila melanogaster.Adult male flies exposed to EMZ(1 ng/mL)for 7 days exhibited significant behavioral impairments and elevated oxidative stress,leading to increased mortality.Co-administration of LUT with EMZ significantly enhanced locomotor function(24-71%)and survival rate(9 days).Biochemical assays showed that LUT co-treatment attenuated EMZ-induced toxicity in both the head and body regions of flies by restoring antioxidant activity,including catalase(CAT),superoxide dismutase(SOD),and glutathione-S-transferase(GST)levels.Furthermore,LUT significantly improved the activities of membrane-bound enzymes,including succinate dehydrogenase and NADH-cytochrome c reductase.Notably,LUT amelio-rated cholinergic dysfunction and dopamine depletion associated with EMZ exposure,thereby preserving normal brain histoarchitecture.Gene expression studies revealed that EMZ exposure upregulated calmodulin and downregulated calreticulin,calx,regucalcin,and SERCA mRNA expression,resulting in disrupted calcium(Ca^(2+))homeostasis and potential cellular dysfunction.These alterations were effectively normalized by LUT coadministration in a concentration-dependent manner.In addition,a docking study indicated that LUT exhibi-ted good binding affinity,ranging from-1.635 to-12.095 kcal/mol,toward proteins involved in Ca^(2+)ho-meostasis.Collectively,these findings suggest that LUT exerts a neuroprotective effect against EMZ-induced toxicity by mitigating oxidative stress,maintaining Ca^(2+)signaling balance,and improving neuronal function in Drosophila melanogaster.展开更多
The authors regret the following clerical and typographical errors in the published version.The errors and the corrections are shown below.These corrections do not change the presented results,their inter-pretation an...The authors regret the following clerical and typographical errors in the published version.The errors and the corrections are shown below.These corrections do not change the presented results,their inter-pretation and the conclusions of the article.The authors would like to apologise for their oversight,which inadvertently allowed these clerical and typing errors to appear in the published version.Any inconvenience caused is regretted.展开更多
The authors regret the following clerical and typographical errors in the published version.The errors and the corrections are shown below.These corrections do not change the presented results,their inter-pretation an...The authors regret the following clerical and typographical errors in the published version.The errors and the corrections are shown below.These corrections do not change the presented results,their inter-pretation and the conclusions of the article.The authors would like to apologise for their oversight,which inadvertently allowed these clerical and typing errors to appear in the published version.Any inconvenience caused is regretted.展开更多
Ultraviolet(UV)nonlinear optical(NLO)materials are critical for laser frequency conversion to extend wavelength ranges.Sulfates have emerged as a promising family of UV NLO materials,yet their NLO performance is const...Ultraviolet(UV)nonlinear optical(NLO)materials are critical for laser frequency conversion to extend wavelength ranges.Sulfates have emerged as a promising family of UV NLO materials,yet their NLO performance is constrained by the low optical anisotropy of the constituent[SO_(4)]^(2-)groups.In this study,we investigate the[C_(6)H_(5)SO_(3)]^(-)group,formed by substituting a ligand of the non-π-conjugated[SO_(4)]^(2-)unit with a π-conjugated benzene ring,and demonstrate that this group has a strong second harmonic generation(SHG)response and large birefringence.Leveraging this optimized structural unit,we successfully synthesize the first UV NLO benzenesulfonate,Y(C_(6)H_(5)SO_(3))_(3)·9H_(2)O.This compound exhibits enhanced UV optical properties,including a short cutoff edge of 280 nm,a relatively large SHG efficiency(0.8×KDP),and a large birefringence of 0.16 at 1064 nm.This work not only presents Y(C_(6)H_(5)SO_(3))_(3)·9H_(2)O as a competitive UV NLO material,but also highlights the[C_(6)H_(5)SO_(3)]^(-)group as a highly effective structural motif for the future development of advanced UV NLO materials.展开更多
The high-fat diet(HFD)causes cardiac and hepatic injury by inducing metabolic disturbances like oxidative stress,dyslipidemia,steatosis,endothelial dysfunction,angiogenesis,altered organ function parameters,inflammato...The high-fat diet(HFD)causes cardiac and hepatic injury by inducing metabolic disturbances like oxidative stress,dyslipidemia,steatosis,endothelial dysfunction,angiogenesis,altered organ function parameters,inflammatory mediators,and apoptosis.The present study evaluated bioactive compounds rich biomass of microalga Nannochloropsis sp.for its possible protective effect and associated mechanisms against HFD induced hepatic and cardiac metabolic disturbances in a mice model.Supplementation of HFD with 15%of Nannochloropsis sp.biomass significantly alleviated the cardiac and hepatic metabolic disturbances.Supplementation countered the body weight gain,modulated oxidative stress and dyslipidemia,improved cardiovascular risk indices,and attenuated the organ/tissue injury markers AST,ALT,CKMB,and LDH.Histology studies showed that supplementation effectively reduced the HFD induced steatosis,hypertrophy,fibrosis,and necrosis in the liver and heart tissues.Supplementation significantly suppressed the elevated mRNA expression levels of PPAR-γand CD36,thereby protecting the organs against steatosis.Furthermore,the supplementation significantly alleviated the HFD induced perturbations in inflammation and apoptosis by suppressing the elevated caspase-3 and caspase-9 activity and protein expression of NF-κB,TNF-α,COX-2,and iNOS while upregulating the IL-10 protein expression.Supplementation also significantly attenuated the endothelial dysfunction and angiogenesis-associated organ remodelling by downregulating the increased mRNA expression levels of ICAM-1,VCAM-1,and VEGF-A.The study suggests the potential of Nannochloropsis sp.biomass as a functional dietary supplement for the alleviation of HFD induced cardiac and hepatic metabolic disturbances.展开更多
Tetrahedral groups can possess a wide bandgap and large second harmonic generation(SHG)response in nonlinear optical(NLO)materials;however,they usually exhibit a small optical birefringence owing to the low structural...Tetrahedral groups can possess a wide bandgap and large second harmonic generation(SHG)response in nonlinear optical(NLO)materials;however,they usually exhibit a small optical birefringence owing to the low structural anisotropy,which would deteriorate the NLO performance.Herein,the[VO_(x)S_(4−x)](x=0–4)tetrahedra that combine the V5+cation with oxygen–sulfur hybrid anions are highlighted as a type of good structural group to overcome the above problem.Using theoretical calculations,we systematically investigate the optical and NLO properties of all reported V^(5+)-based thiovanadates.The calculated results reveal the largest birefringence(∼0.37 in Ba_(5)V_(2)O_(4)S_(8))among the pure tetrahedron-based compounds and indicate the potential of[VO_(x)S_(4−x)]units in enhancing the birefringence and well-balanced NLO performance suitable for the mid-infrared(mid-IR)region.Furthermore,Na_(3)VOS_(3)in this family is selected for experimental synthesis and measurements to verify our strategy and calculations.This work demonstrates that the[VO_(x)S_(4−x)](x=0–4)tetrahedral groups,which had been overlooked for a long time,are a good type of birefringent and NLO unit for the exploration of mid-IR NLO materials.展开更多
A defect diamond-like mid-IR NLO material,AgIn_(5)Se_(8),is synthesized and its NLO performance has been systematically studied for the first time.This compound exhibits a large SHG response about 0.7 times that of co...A defect diamond-like mid-IR NLO material,AgIn_(5)Se_(8),is synthesized and its NLO performance has been systematically studied for the first time.This compound exhibits a large SHG response about 0.7 times that of commercial AgGaS_(2).First-principles calculations reveal that the non-bonding electrons near the Se atoms make the dominant contribution to the SHG response.Furthermore,in order to improve the optical transparency range on a short-wave edge in AgIn_(5)Se_(8),material design is carried out to enlarge the band gap while keeping the strong SHG response.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.32071713)the Outstanding Youth Foundation Project of Heilongjiang Province of China(JQ2019C001)。
文摘The global commitment to pivoting to sustainable energy and products calls for technology development to utilize solar energy for hydrogen(H_(2))and value-added chemicals production by biomass photoreforming.Herein,a novel dual-functional marigold-like Zn_(x)Cd_(1-x)S homojunction has been the production of lactic acid with high-yield and H_(2)with high-efficiency by selective glucose photoreforming.The optimized Zn_(0.3)Cd_(0.7)S exhibits outstanding H_(2)generation(13.64 mmol h^(-1)g^(-1)),glucose conversion(96.40%),and lactic acid yield(76.80%),over 272.80 and 19.21 times higher than that of bare ZnS(0.05 mmol h^(-1)g^(-1))and CdS(0.71 mmol h^(-1)g^(-1))in H_(2)generation,respectively.The marigold-like morphology provides abundant active sites and sufficient substrates accessibility for the photocatalyst,while the specific role of the homojunction formed by hexagonal wurtzite(WZ)and cubic zinc blende(ZB)in photoreforming biomass has been demonstrated by density functional theory(DFT)calculations.Glucose is converted to lactic acid on the WZ surface of Zn_(0.3)Cd_(0.7)S via the photoactive species·O_(2)^(-),while the H_(2)is evolved from protons(H^(+))in H_(2)O on the ZB surface of Zn_(0.3)Cd_(0.7)S.This work paves a promising road for the production of sustainable energy and products by integrating photocatalysis and biorefine.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51902036)the Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing Science&Technology Commission(No.CSTB2022NSCQ-MSX0828)+2 种基金the Venture&Innovation Support Program for Chongqing Overseas Returnees(No.CX2021046)the Science and Technology Research Program of Chongqing Municipal Education Commission(No.KJZD-K202300802)the Research Project of Innovative Talent Training Engineering Program of Chongqing Primary and Secondary School(No.CY230801).
文摘In recent years,researchers have increasingly focused on aqueous rechargeable Zn-ion batteries(AZIBs)as a cost-effective and safe alternative to lithium-ion batteries for energy storage.Nevertheless,the limited reversibility of the Zn anode and the low coulombic efficiency of the electroplating process limit the application of AZIBs.In this work,pyrrole is employed as a cost-effective electrolyte additive for stabilizing the Zn anode for the first time.By altering the coordination environment of Zn(H2O)62+,chemical and hydrogen evolution corrosion was reduced,and a molecular interface layer was in-situ constructed on the surface of the metal Zn anode,thus effectively inhibiting the corrosion of Zn anode and the growth of dendrites.In addition,the molecular interface layer based on pyrrole can effectively regulate the uniform deposition of Zn ions and limit the 2D diffusion of Zn ions.Therefore,the electrochemical performance of the metal Zn anode is greatly improved in the pyrrole-based electrolyte.At the current density of 1 mA·cm^(-2),the stable cycle can exceed 1200 h,and the average Coulomb efficiency is as high as 99%.Moreover,the full battery can have more than 400 stable cycles with a reversible capacity 247.9 mAh·g^(-1)at a current density 0.5 A·g^(-1)when assembled with V2O5 cathodes.This work provides a simple and feasible strategy for realizing the high performance of aqueous Zn-ion batteries.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22275201 , 22133004)the Youth Innovation Promotion Association CAS.
文摘Non-centrosymmetric(NCS)crystalline structures,critical for second harmonic generation(SHG)in all-solid-state lasers,are far less prevalent than their centrosymmetric(Cs)counterparts.In this study,we report a structural transformation from CS to NCS configuration in benzenesulfonate derivatives via hydroxyl group incorporation,as illustrated by the transition in the newly discovered CN_(3)H_(6)C_(6)H_(5)SO_(3)(CS)and CN_(3)H_(6)C_(6)H_(5)SO_(3)(OH)(NCS).The introduced hydroxyl groups induce hydrogen bond reconstruction,effectively breaking the original centrosymmetry.The resulting NCS compound exhibits remarkable nonlinear optical(NLO)properties,including a strong SHG response(1.6×KDP with the particle sizes of 200250μm),a wide bandgap(UV cutoff at 290 nm,corresponding band gap is 4.37 eV),and a large birefringence(0.21@1064 nm),demonstrating excellent potential as an UV NLO crystal material.
基金support from the He Bei Natural Science Foundation(Nos.B2022205029 and B2022205013)。
文摘The electrochemical nitric oxide reduction reaction(NORR)to NH_(3)represents a promising avenue for NO removal and NH_(3)synthesis.It is essential to develop catalysts with superior performance for this process.We systematically studied a series of single-atom alloy catalysts(SAACs)with Pd single-atom dopants using density functional theory(DFT)calculations and machine learning(ML).Based on the energetic span model,we take G_(max)(η)as a descriptor to evaluate the reaction activity of SAACs.After comprehensively considering the stability,activity,and NH_(3)selectivity of SAACs,Cu and Pd/Cu SAAC are screened out as candidate NORR to NH_(3)catalysts.To predict the G_(max)(η)descriptor,the extreme gradient boosting regression(XGBR)ML algorithm was adopted with geometric/electronic properties of the SAACs as input features.Additionally,we proposed a mathematical formula to correlate the crucial features and the G_(max)(η)descriptor using the sure independence screening and sparsifying operator(SISSO)approach.This work provides an understanding of the complex NORR mechanisms and offers a strategy to rationally design highly efficient SAACs.
基金The Medical Subject Fund of Lanzhou University, No. LZUYX200611the Post-doctoral Science Foundation of China, No. 2003034442
文摘AIM: To observe and compare the effects of phytoestrogen genistein, resveratrol and 17β-estradiol on the tonic contraction and the phasic contraction of isolated gallbladder muscle strips and to study the underlying mechanisms. METHODS: Isolated strips of gallbladder muscle from guinea pigs were suspended in organ baths containing Kreb’s solution, and the contractilities of strips were measured before and after incubation with genistein, resveratrol and 17β-estradiol respectively. RESULTS: Similar to 17β-estradiol, genistein and resveratrol could dose-dependently inhibit the phasic contractile activities, they decreased the mean contractile amplitude and the contractile frequencies of gallbladder muscle strips, and also produced a marked reduction in resting tone. The blocker of estrogen receptor ICI 182780 failed to alter the inhibitory effects induced by genistein and resveratrol, but potassium bisperoxo (1, 10 phenanthroline) oxovanadate bpV (phen), a potent protein tyrosine phosphatase inhibitor, markedly attenuated the inhibitory effects induced by genistein and resveratrol. In calcium-free Kreb’ssolution containing 0.01 mmol/L egtazic acid (EGTA), genistein and resveratrol inhibited the first phasic contraction induced by acetylcholine (ACh), but did not affect the second contraction induced by CaCl_2. In addition, genistein, resveratrol and 17β-estradiol also could reduce the contractile responses of ACh and KCl, and shift their cumulative concentration-response curves rightward. CONCLUSION: Phytoestrogen genistein and resveratrol can directly inhibit the contractile activity of isolated gallbladder muscle both at rest and in response to stimulation. The mechanisms responsible for the inhibitory effects probably due mainly to inhibition of tyrosine kinase, Ca^(2+) influx through potential-dependent calcium channels (PDCs) and Ca^(2+) release from sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR), but were not related to the estrogen receptors.
基金Supported by Grants from the Administration of Lanzhou Scientific Technology,No.2010-1-88Gansu Natural Science Fund in China,No.1010RJZA111Natural Science Foundation of China,No.21272103 and No.81360540
文摘AIM: To investigate the effects and underlying mechanisms of resveratrol and genistein on contractile responses of rat gastrointestinal smooth muscle.
基金Supported by Prime Minister Program for Prevention and Control of Hepatitis in Pakistan (2005-2010)Grant # 863 by Higher Education Commission
文摘AIM: To investigate the prevalence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotypes and their association with possible transmission routes in the general population of Lahore, as the data exclusively related to this city is limited. METHODS: Complete data regarding patient's history, possible route of infection and biochemical tests was collected from the public hospital for 1364 patients. SPSS version 16 windows software was used for data analysis by univariate and multivariate techniques. RESULTS: Age range ≤ 40 years showed high prevalence of HCV infection. HCV genotype 3a was dominant (55.9%), followed by 1a (23.6%), 4a (12.5%), 3b (3.2%), untypable (2.5%), 4b (1.2%) and mixed type (1.2%). Blood transfusion, dental surgery and barber shops were the main risk factors for HCV transmission. Genotype prevalence was independent of age (P = 0.971) and gender (P = 0.122) while risk factors showed a significant association with age (P = 0.000) and genotypes (P = 0.000). We observed an independent association of risk factors and genotype 3a, while patients with genotype 1 and 4 were mostly infected due to dental surgery blood transfusion and barber shops. Risk factors of intravenous drug use and sexual exposure were exclusively found in ≤ 40 years age group. CONCLUSION: An increase in genotypes 1a and 4a suggest migration of people, possibly from Balochistan and the northern war-zone area. Government should focus on public education regarding infection routes.
文摘AIM:To investigate the prevalence of chronic dyspnea and its relationship to respiratory muscle function in end-stage liver disease.METHODS:Sixty-eight consecutive,ambulatory,Caucasian patients with end-stage liver disease,candidates for liver transplantation,were referred for preoperative respiratory function assessment.Forty of these(29 men) were included in this preliminary study after applying strict inclusion and exclusion criteria.Seventeen of 40 patients(42%) had ascites,but none of them was cachectic.Fifteen of 40 patients(38%)had a history of hepatic encephalopathy,though none of them was symptomatic at study time.All patients with a known history and/or presence of co-morbidities were excluded.Chronic dyspnea was rated according to the modified medical research council(mMRC) 6-point scale.Liver disease severity was assessed according to the Model for end-stage liver disease(MELD).Routine lung function tests,maximum static expiratory(Pemax) and inspiratory(Pimax) mouth pressures were measured.Respiratory muscle strength(RMS) was calculated from Pimax and Pemax values.In addition,arterial blood gases and pattern of breathing(VE:minute ventilation;VT:tidal volume;VT/TI:mean inspiratory flow;TI:duration of inspiration) were measured.RESULTS:Thirty-five(88%) of 40 patients aged(mean ± SD) 52 ± 10 years reported various degrees of chronic dyspnea(mMRC),ranging from 0 to 4,with a mean value of 2.0 ± 1.2.MELD score was 14 ± 6.Pemax,percent of predicted(%pred) was 105 ± 35,Pimax,%pred was 90 ± 29,and RMS,%pred was 97 ± 30.These pressures were below the normal limits in 12(30%),15(38%),and 14(35%) patients,respectively.Furthermore,comparing the subgroups of ascites to non-ascites patients,all respiratory muscle indices measured were found significantly decreased in ascites patients.Patients with ascites also had a significantly worse MELD score compared to non-ascites ones(P = 0.006).Significant correlations were found between chronic dyspnea and respiratory muscle function indices in all patients.Specifically,mMRC score was significantly correlated with Pemax,Pimax,and RMS(r =-0.53,P < 0.001;r =-0.42,P < 0.01;r =-0.51,P < 0.001,respectively).These correlations were substantially closer in the non-ascites subgroup(r =-0.82,P < 0.0001;r =-0.61,P < 0.01;r =-0.79,P < 0.0001,respectively) compared to all patients.Similar results were found for the relationship between mMRC vs MELD score,and MELD score vs respiratory muscle strength indices.In all patients the sole predictor of mMRC score was RMS(r =-0.51,P < 0.001).In the subgroup of patients without ascites this relationship becomes closer(r =-0.79,P < 0.001),whilst this relationship breaks down in the subgroup of patients with ascites.The disappearance of such a correlation may be due to the fact that ascites acts as a "confounding" factor.PaCO2(4.4 ± 0.5 kPa) was increased,whereas pH(7.49 ± 0.04) was decreased in 26(65%) and 34(85%) patients,respectively.PaO2(12.3 ± 0.04 kPa) was within normal limits.VE(11.5 ± 3.5 L/min),VT(0.735 ± 0.287 L),and VT/TI(0.449±0.129 L/s) were increased signifying hyperventilation in both subgroups of patients.VT/TI was significantly higher in patients with ascites than without ascites.Significant correlations,albeit weak,were found for PaCO2 with VE and VT/TI(r =-0.44,P < 0.01;r =-0.41,P < 0.01,respectively).CONCLUSION:The prevalence of chronic dyspnea is 88% in end-stage liver disease.The mMRC score closely correlates with respiratory muscle strength.
基金Supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81071831)Jiangsu Provincial Health Bureau issues(No.H201021)+1 种基金Xuzhou City Science and Technology Bureau issues(No.XF10C082)Jiangsu Province Natural Science Foundation of China(No.BK20131131)
文摘Objective The aim of this study was to compare the long-term local control, overall survival, and late toxicities of positron emission tomography/computed tomography （PET/CT）-guided dose escalation radio- therapy versus conventional radiotherapy in the concurrent chemoradiotherapy treatment of locally ad- vanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma （NPC）. Methods Atotal of 48 patients with stage IIl-IVa NPC were recruited and randomly administered PET/CT- guided dose escalation chemoradiotherapy （group A） or conventional chemoradiotherapy （group B）. The dose-escalation radiotherapy was performed using the simultaneous modulated accelerated radiotherapy technique at prescribed doses of 77 gray （Gy） in 32 fractions （f） to the gross target volume （GTV）： planning target volume （PTV） 1 received 64 Gy/32 f, while PTV2 received 54.4 Gy/32 f. Patients in group B received uniform-dose intensity-modulated radiotherapy, PTV1 received 70 Gy/35 f and PTV2 received 58 Gy/29 f. Concurrent chemotherapy consisted of cisplatin [20 mg/m2 intravenous （IV） on days 1-4] and docetaxel （75 mg/m2 IV on days 1 and 8） administered during treatment weeks 1 and 4. All patients received 2-4 cycles of adjuvant chemotherapy of the same dose and drug regimen. Results The use of fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose （18F-FDG） PET/CT significantly reduced the treat- ment volume delineation of the GTV in 83.3% （20/24） of patients. The 5-year local recurrence-free survival rates of the two groups were 100% and 79.2%, respectively （P = 0.019）. The 5-year disease free survival （DFS） rates were 95.8% and 75.0%, respectively （P = 0.018）. The 5-year local progression-free survival and DFS rates were significantly different. The 5-year overall survival （OS） rates were 95.8% and 79.2%, re- spectively. Differences in OS improvement were insignificant （P = 0.079）. Late toxicities were similar in the two groups. The most common late toxicities of the two arms were grade 1-2 skin dystrophy, xerostomia, subcutaneous fibrosis, and hearing loss. There were no cases of grade 4 late toxicity. Conclusion The use of 18F-FDG PET/CT-guided dose escalation radiotherapy is well tolerated and can reduce local recurrence rates for patients with locally advanced NPC compared to conventional chemora- diotherapy.
文摘The 〈 110 〉 -oriented TTb0.3Dy0.7Fe1.95 polycrystalline alloy was magnetically annealed, and its influence on jump effect of magnetostriction was investigated. In the vacuum superconductive high magnetic field equipment, 〈 110 〉 -oriented Tb0.3Dy0.7Fe1.95 polycrystalline alloy of the directional solidification was annealed at 623 and 723 K for 5 min under the magnetic field vertical to specimen axis. It is found that magnetic annealing can enhance the jump effect under compressive stress, and increase the saturated magnetostriction coefficient λs, the λs of the magnetic annealing specimens at 623 K under 8.1 MPa is attained to 1950 × 10^-6, Magnetic annealing increases the maximum of dynamic magnetostriction coefficient, d33^max, as well as the magnetic field for d33^max under 8.1 MPa.
基金the Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22105218).
文摘It is challenging to cooperatively improve the nonlinear optical(NLO)efficiency and the laser-induced damage threshold(LIDT).This work reports a novel IR NLO materials CsInP_(2)S_(7)(CIPS)designed by combination the strategies of alkali metals substitution and microscopic NLO units PS4 introduction based on AgGaS_(2).CIPS was composed of strongly distorted[InS_(6)]^(9-)octahedra and[P_(2)S_(7)]4-dimers constructed by corner-sharing[PS_(4)]^(3-),which increase the NLO efficiency and decrease thermal expansion anisotropy simultaneously.Compared with AgGaS_(2),CIPS exhibited strong phase matchable NLO response ca.1.1×AGS@2.1μm,high LIDT ca.20.8×AgGaS_(2),and IR transparency up to 15.3μm.Structural analysis and theoretical investigation confirmed that large SHG effect and ultrahigh LIDT of CIPS originated from the synergistic contribution of[InS_(6)]^(9-)octahedra and[P_(2)S_(7)]4-dimers.These results indicate that CIPS is a promising NLO candidate in the mid-IR region,and this study provides a new approach for developing potential NLO-LIDT compatible materials.
基金This study was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51902036,22222902,2263203,and 52111530236)the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2022YFA1203902)+3 种基金the Key Science and Technology Research Program of Chongqing Education Commission(No.KJZD-K202200807)the Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing Science&Technology Commission(No.CSTB2022NSCQ-MSX0828)Chongqing Bayu Scholars Support Program(No.YS2022050)Research Project of Innovative Talent Training Engineering Program of Chongqing Primary and Secondary School(No.CY240806).
文摘Aqueous zinc-ion batteries(AZIBs)are regarded as one of the most promising rivals in the upcoming high-energy secondary battery market because of their safety and non-toxicity.However,the zinc dendrites growth and hydrogen evolution corrosion of the Zn anode have seriously restricted the application of AZIBs.Herein,to overcome these constraints,a three-dimensional(3D)porous PFA-COOH-CNT artificial solid electrolyte interface(SEl)film with high hydrophobic and zincophilic properties was constructed on Zn anode surface by in-situ polymerization of furfuryl alcohol(FA)and carboxyl carbon nanotubes(COOH-CNT).A series of in-situ,ex-situ characterizations as well as the density functional theory(DFT)calculations reveal that the formed PFA-COOH-CNT SEI film with an abundant oxygen-containing group can provide abundant zincophilic sites and induce homogeneous deposition of Zn^(2+),as well as the hydrophobic alkyl and carbon skeleton in PFA-COOH-CNT SEI film can isolate the direct contact of H_(2)O with Zn anode,and inhibit the occurrence of hydrogen evolution reaction(HER).Accordingly,the Zn anode with PFA-COOH-CNT layer can attain an ultra-long cycle life of 2200 h at 1 mA·cm^(-2),1 mAh·cm^(-2).Simultaneously,the assembled PFA-COOH-CNT@ZnllV2Os full cell can also achieve a high reversible capacity of up to 150.2 mAh•g^(-1) at 1 A·g^(-1) after 400 cycles,with a high average coulombic efficiency(CE)of 98.8%.The designed PFA-COOH-CNT artificial SEI film provides a broad prospect for highly stable zinc anode,and can also be extended to other energy storage systems based on metal anodes.
基金the Indian Council of Medical Research(ICMR),Government of India,for awarding the Senior Research FellowshipDirectorate of Minorities,Government of Karnataka,India,for Junior Research Fellowship[Award No.DOM/FELLOWSHIP/CR-41/2017-18].
文摘Pesticide exposure has been associated with various health conditions like asthma,Parkinson’s disease,Alzheimer’s disease,genetic disorders,epigenetic changes,oxidative stress,and hormonal disruption.Recent evidence suggests that infants are more vulnerable to pesticides(such as rotenone)than adults.Although the disease has already been clinically characterized,no treatment has yet been developed to improve pathology or prevent developmental toxicity.Therefore,the purpose of this study was to investigate whether thymoquinone(TQ)from Nigella sativa seeds could ameliorate rotenone(ROT)-induced developmental damage in both Drosophila melanogaster ovary and third instar larvae.Female adult wild-type flies and third instar larvae(72±2 h after egg laying)were exposed to ROT and/or TQ through food for 48 and 24 h respectively.Results indicate that coexposure of TQ inhibits ROT-induced increased oxidative stress and alleviates abnormal antioxidant enzyme activities.Further,TQ alters developmental gene expression(Bacoid,Oscar,Nanos,and Gurken),impedes mitochondrial dysfunction,and reduces apoptosis in ROT induced ovary.In addition,TQ changes ROT induced abnormal crawling behaviour,cholinergic dysfunction,and dopamine depletion to normal levels in third instar larvae.Also,TQ reduces pupation and emergence time in ROT induced third instar larvae.The above findings demonstrate that ROT exposure during early developmental stages is inevitable,and TQ supplementation prevents developmental toxicity in the Drosophila ovary and third instar larvae.A diet enriched TQ provides a ray of hope in preventing ROT induced developmental toxicity.
文摘Emamectin benzoate(EMZ)is widely used in agriculture;however,its potential non-target neurotoxic effects remain underexplored.This study investigates the protective role of lutein(LUT),a dietary carotenoid,against EMZ-induced neurotoxicity in Drosophila melanogaster.Adult male flies exposed to EMZ(1 ng/mL)for 7 days exhibited significant behavioral impairments and elevated oxidative stress,leading to increased mortality.Co-administration of LUT with EMZ significantly enhanced locomotor function(24-71%)and survival rate(9 days).Biochemical assays showed that LUT co-treatment attenuated EMZ-induced toxicity in both the head and body regions of flies by restoring antioxidant activity,including catalase(CAT),superoxide dismutase(SOD),and glutathione-S-transferase(GST)levels.Furthermore,LUT significantly improved the activities of membrane-bound enzymes,including succinate dehydrogenase and NADH-cytochrome c reductase.Notably,LUT amelio-rated cholinergic dysfunction and dopamine depletion associated with EMZ exposure,thereby preserving normal brain histoarchitecture.Gene expression studies revealed that EMZ exposure upregulated calmodulin and downregulated calreticulin,calx,regucalcin,and SERCA mRNA expression,resulting in disrupted calcium(Ca^(2+))homeostasis and potential cellular dysfunction.These alterations were effectively normalized by LUT coadministration in a concentration-dependent manner.In addition,a docking study indicated that LUT exhibi-ted good binding affinity,ranging from-1.635 to-12.095 kcal/mol,toward proteins involved in Ca^(2+)ho-meostasis.Collectively,these findings suggest that LUT exerts a neuroprotective effect against EMZ-induced toxicity by mitigating oxidative stress,maintaining Ca^(2+)signaling balance,and improving neuronal function in Drosophila melanogaster.
文摘The authors regret the following clerical and typographical errors in the published version.The errors and the corrections are shown below.These corrections do not change the presented results,their inter-pretation and the conclusions of the article.The authors would like to apologise for their oversight,which inadvertently allowed these clerical and typing errors to appear in the published version.Any inconvenience caused is regretted.
文摘The authors regret the following clerical and typographical errors in the published version.The errors and the corrections are shown below.These corrections do not change the presented results,their inter-pretation and the conclusions of the article.The authors would like to apologise for their oversight,which inadvertently allowed these clerical and typing errors to appear in the published version.Any inconvenience caused is regretted.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.22275201 and 22133004)support from the Youth Innovation Promotion Association CAS.
文摘Ultraviolet(UV)nonlinear optical(NLO)materials are critical for laser frequency conversion to extend wavelength ranges.Sulfates have emerged as a promising family of UV NLO materials,yet their NLO performance is constrained by the low optical anisotropy of the constituent[SO_(4)]^(2-)groups.In this study,we investigate the[C_(6)H_(5)SO_(3)]^(-)group,formed by substituting a ligand of the non-π-conjugated[SO_(4)]^(2-)unit with a π-conjugated benzene ring,and demonstrate that this group has a strong second harmonic generation(SHG)response and large birefringence.Leveraging this optimized structural unit,we successfully synthesize the first UV NLO benzenesulfonate,Y(C_(6)H_(5)SO_(3))_(3)·9H_(2)O.This compound exhibits enhanced UV optical properties,including a short cutoff edge of 280 nm,a relatively large SHG efficiency(0.8×KDP),and a large birefringence of 0.16 at 1064 nm.This work not only presents Y(C_(6)H_(5)SO_(3))_(3)·9H_(2)O as a competitive UV NLO material,but also highlights the[C_(6)H_(5)SO_(3)]^(-)group as a highly effective structural motif for the future development of advanced UV NLO materials.
基金Chris Cherita acknowledges the Indian Council of Medical Research(ICMR),Government of India,for the award of a Senior Research Fellowship[Award No.3/1/2/95/2018-Nut]。
文摘The high-fat diet(HFD)causes cardiac and hepatic injury by inducing metabolic disturbances like oxidative stress,dyslipidemia,steatosis,endothelial dysfunction,angiogenesis,altered organ function parameters,inflammatory mediators,and apoptosis.The present study evaluated bioactive compounds rich biomass of microalga Nannochloropsis sp.for its possible protective effect and associated mechanisms against HFD induced hepatic and cardiac metabolic disturbances in a mice model.Supplementation of HFD with 15%of Nannochloropsis sp.biomass significantly alleviated the cardiac and hepatic metabolic disturbances.Supplementation countered the body weight gain,modulated oxidative stress and dyslipidemia,improved cardiovascular risk indices,and attenuated the organ/tissue injury markers AST,ALT,CKMB,and LDH.Histology studies showed that supplementation effectively reduced the HFD induced steatosis,hypertrophy,fibrosis,and necrosis in the liver and heart tissues.Supplementation significantly suppressed the elevated mRNA expression levels of PPAR-γand CD36,thereby protecting the organs against steatosis.Furthermore,the supplementation significantly alleviated the HFD induced perturbations in inflammation and apoptosis by suppressing the elevated caspase-3 and caspase-9 activity and protein expression of NF-κB,TNF-α,COX-2,and iNOS while upregulating the IL-10 protein expression.Supplementation also significantly attenuated the endothelial dysfunction and angiogenesis-associated organ remodelling by downregulating the increased mRNA expression levels of ICAM-1,VCAM-1,and VEGF-A.The study suggests the potential of Nannochloropsis sp.biomass as a functional dietary supplement for the alleviation of HFD induced cardiac and hepatic metabolic disturbances.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.22275201 and 22133004)the support of the Youth Innovation Promotion Association CAS.
文摘Tetrahedral groups can possess a wide bandgap and large second harmonic generation(SHG)response in nonlinear optical(NLO)materials;however,they usually exhibit a small optical birefringence owing to the low structural anisotropy,which would deteriorate the NLO performance.Herein,the[VO_(x)S_(4−x)](x=0–4)tetrahedra that combine the V5+cation with oxygen–sulfur hybrid anions are highlighted as a type of good structural group to overcome the above problem.Using theoretical calculations,we systematically investigate the optical and NLO properties of all reported V^(5+)-based thiovanadates.The calculated results reveal the largest birefringence(∼0.37 in Ba_(5)V_(2)O_(4)S_(8))among the pure tetrahedron-based compounds and indicate the potential of[VO_(x)S_(4−x)]units in enhancing the birefringence and well-balanced NLO performance suitable for the mid-infrared(mid-IR)region.Furthermore,Na_(3)VOS_(3)in this family is selected for experimental synthesis and measurements to verify our strategy and calculations.This work demonstrates that the[VO_(x)S_(4−x)](x=0–4)tetrahedral groups,which had been overlooked for a long time,are a good type of birefringent and NLO unit for the exploration of mid-IR NLO materials.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.22133004 and 22275201)support of the Youth Innovation Promotion Association CAS.
文摘A defect diamond-like mid-IR NLO material,AgIn_(5)Se_(8),is synthesized and its NLO performance has been systematically studied for the first time.This compound exhibits a large SHG response about 0.7 times that of commercial AgGaS_(2).First-principles calculations reveal that the non-bonding electrons near the Se atoms make the dominant contribution to the SHG response.Furthermore,in order to improve the optical transparency range on a short-wave edge in AgIn_(5)Se_(8),material design is carried out to enlarge the band gap while keeping the strong SHG response.
