In order to investigate the effect of wind input and whitecapping dissipation on the simulation of typhoon-waves, three experiments are conducted with the latest version of SWAN （Simulating WAves Nearshore） model. T...In order to investigate the effect of wind input and whitecapping dissipation on the simulation of typhoon-waves, three experiments are conducted with the latest version of SWAN （Simulating WAves Nearshore） model. The three experiments adopt the Komen, Janssens, and Westhuysen expressions for wind input and whitecapping dissipation, respectively. Besides the above-mentioned source tems, other parameterization schemes in these experiments are the same. It shows that the experiment with the Westhuysen expression result in the least simulation errors while that with the Janssens expression has the most. The results from the experiments with Komen and Westhuysen expressions show that the differenees in significant wave height （SWH） have a good correlation with the differences in dissipation energy caused by whiteeapping. This indicates that the whitecapping dissipation source term plays an important role in the resultant differences of the simulated SWH between the two experiments.展开更多
The effect of the drag coefficient on a typhoon wave model is investigated.Drag coefficients for Pingtan Island are derived from the progress of nine typhoons using COARE 3.0 software.The wind parameters are obtained ...The effect of the drag coefficient on a typhoon wave model is investigated.Drag coefficients for Pingtan Island are derived from the progress of nine typhoons using COARE 3.0 software.The wind parameters are obtained using the Weather Research and Forecasting model.The simulation of wind agrees well with observations.Typhoon wave fields are then simulated using the third-generation wave model SWAN.The wave model includes exponential and linear growths of the wind input,which determine the wave-growth mode.A triple triangular mesh is adopted with spatial resolution as fine as 100 m nearshore.The SWAN model performs better when using the new drag coefficient rather than the original coefficient.展开更多
In this study,typhoon waves generated during three typhoons(Damrey(1210),Fung-wong(1416),and Chan-hom(1509))in the Yellow Sea and East China Sea were simulated in a simulating waves nearshore(SWAN)model,and the wind f...In this study,typhoon waves generated during three typhoons(Damrey(1210),Fung-wong(1416),and Chan-hom(1509))in the Yellow Sea and East China Sea were simulated in a simulating waves nearshore(SWAN)model,and the wind forcing was constructed by combining reanalyzed wind data with a Holland typhoon wind model.Various parameters,such as the Holland fitting parameter(B)and the maximum wind radius?,were investigated in sensitivity experiments in the Holland model that affect the wind field construction.Six different formulations were considered and the parameters determined by comparing the simulated wind results with in-situ wind measurements.The key factors affecting wave growth and dissipation processes from deep to shallow waters were studied,including wind input,whitecapping,and bottom friction.Comparison with in-situ wave measurements suggested that the KOMEN scheme(wind input exponential growth and whitecapping energy dissipation)and the JONSWAP scheme(dissipation of bottom friction)resulted in good reproduction of the significant wave height of typhoon waves.A preliminary analysis of the wave characteristics in terms of wind-sea and swell wave revealed that swell waves dominated with the distance of R to the eye of the typhoon,while wind-sea prevailed in the outer region up to six to eight times the R values despite a clear misalignment between wind and waves.The results support the hypothesis that nonlinear wave-wave interactions may play a key role in the formation of wave characteristics.展开更多
The presented method for numerical typhoon wave prediction is composed of a scheme for real time pressure forecasts, a marine wind numerical model and a typhoon wave numerical model. In the Northwest Pacific Ocean and...The presented method for numerical typhoon wave prediction is composed of a scheme for real time pressure forecasts, a marine wind numerical model and a typhoon wave numerical model. In the Northwest Pacific Ocean and China seas where water depth is over 20 m, a hybrid wave model [Wen Shengchang, Zhang Dacuo, Chen Bobal and Guo Peifang. 1989, Acta Oceanologica Sinica, 8 (1), 1～14; Zhang Dacuo, Wu Zengmao,Jiang Decai, Wang Wei, Chen Bobai, Tat Weitao, Wen Shengchang, Xu Qichun and Guo Peifaug. 1992, Acta Oceanologica Sinica, 11 (2), 157～178] is employed with 1°×1°grids, while in the South China Sea and East China Sea where typhoon frequently appears, the WAM model (WAMDI Group. 1988, Journal of Physical Oceanography, 18, 1755～1810) of shallow water version is embedded with (1 /4 )°×(1 /4)°grids. The boundary condition at the open boundary of the WAM model is provided by the hybrid model. After 3 a of testing forecasts(Yang Chuncheng, Dai Mingrui and Zhang Dacuo. 1992, International Symposium on Tropical Cyclone Disasters, October 12～16, Beijing, 404～409 ) and improvement, this system was put into operational use on the forecasting computer network of National Marine Environment Forecast Center of China in June, 1993. The wave predictions of 22 typhoon events show that the system is stable and prompt, and the forecast results are satisfactory. This system provides reliable numerical products for the disaster-prevention forecasts. The product is broadcasted in CCTV News at every noon.展开更多
Typhoon-generated waves are simulated with two numerical wave models, the SWAN model for the coastal and Yangtze Estuary domain, nested within the WAVEWATCHIII （WW3） for the basin-scale East China Sea domain. Typhoo...Typhoon-generated waves are simulated with two numerical wave models, the SWAN model for the coastal and Yangtze Estuary domain, nested within the WAVEWATCHIII （WW3） for the basin-scale East China Sea domain. Typhoon No. 8114 is chosen because it was very strong, and generated high waves in the Estuary. WW3 was implemented for the East China Sea coarse-resolution computational domain, to simulate the waves over a large spatial scale and provide boundary conditions for SWAN model simulations, implemented on a fine-resolution nested domain for the Yangtze Estuary area. The Takahashi wind model is applied to the simulation of the East China Sea scale （3-hourly） and Yangtze Estuary scale （1-hourly） winds. Simulations of significant wave heights in the East China Sea show that the highest waves are on the right side of the storm track, and maxima tend to occur at the eastern deep-water open boundary of the Yangtze Estuary. In the Yangtze Estuary, incoming swell is dominant over locally generated waves before the typhoon approaches the Estuary. As the typhoon approaches the Estuary, wind waves and swell coexist, and the wave direction is mainly influenced by the swell direction and the complex topography.展开更多
采用第三代海浪模型WAVEWATCHIII,模拟了中国沿海的台风浪过程,以实测浮标数据作为验证,比较了不同的风能输入项和能量耗散方案对台风浪模拟精度影响,结果表明风能输入项与耗散源项选用Tolman and Chalikov方案计算得到的结果与实测值...采用第三代海浪模型WAVEWATCHIII,模拟了中国沿海的台风浪过程,以实测浮标数据作为验证,比较了不同的风能输入项和能量耗散方案对台风浪模拟精度影响,结果表明风能输入项与耗散源项选用Tolman and Chalikov方案计算得到的结果与实测值更加吻合,3种方案中该方案更适合中国沿海台风浪的计算。展开更多
基金supported by the National Key Basic Research Project of China(Grant No.2007CB411805)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.40675065)
文摘In order to investigate the effect of wind input and whitecapping dissipation on the simulation of typhoon-waves, three experiments are conducted with the latest version of SWAN （Simulating WAves Nearshore） model. The three experiments adopt the Komen, Janssens, and Westhuysen expressions for wind input and whitecapping dissipation, respectively. Besides the above-mentioned source tems, other parameterization schemes in these experiments are the same. It shows that the experiment with the Westhuysen expression result in the least simulation errors while that with the Janssens expression has the most. The results from the experiments with Komen and Westhuysen expressions show that the differenees in significant wave height （SWH） have a good correlation with the differences in dissipation energy caused by whiteeapping. This indicates that the whitecapping dissipation source term plays an important role in the resultant differences of the simulated SWH between the two experiments.
基金Supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2016YFC1402000)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51509226,51779236)
文摘The effect of the drag coefficient on a typhoon wave model is investigated.Drag coefficients for Pingtan Island are derived from the progress of nine typhoons using COARE 3.0 software.The wind parameters are obtained using the Weather Research and Forecasting model.The simulation of wind agrees well with observations.Typhoon wave fields are then simulated using the third-generation wave model SWAN.The wave model includes exponential and linear growths of the wind input,which determine the wave-growth mode.A triple triangular mesh is adopted with spatial resolution as fine as 100 m nearshore.The SWAN model performs better when using the new drag coefficient rather than the original coefficient.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.U1706216,41606024,41506023)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Nos.2016YFC1402000,2018YFC1407003)+2 种基金the CAS Strategic Priority Project(No.XDA19060202)the NSFC Innovative Group Grant Project(No.41421005)the NSFC-Shandong Joint Fund for Marine Science Research Centers Grant(No.U1406402)
文摘In this study,typhoon waves generated during three typhoons(Damrey(1210),Fung-wong(1416),and Chan-hom(1509))in the Yellow Sea and East China Sea were simulated in a simulating waves nearshore(SWAN)model,and the wind forcing was constructed by combining reanalyzed wind data with a Holland typhoon wind model.Various parameters,such as the Holland fitting parameter(B)and the maximum wind radius?,were investigated in sensitivity experiments in the Holland model that affect the wind field construction.Six different formulations were considered and the parameters determined by comparing the simulated wind results with in-situ wind measurements.The key factors affecting wave growth and dissipation processes from deep to shallow waters were studied,including wind input,whitecapping,and bottom friction.Comparison with in-situ wave measurements suggested that the KOMEN scheme(wind input exponential growth and whitecapping energy dissipation)and the JONSWAP scheme(dissipation of bottom friction)resulted in good reproduction of the significant wave height of typhoon waves.A preliminary analysis of the wave characteristics in terms of wind-sea and swell wave revealed that swell waves dominated with the distance of R to the eye of the typhoon,while wind-sea prevailed in the outer region up to six to eight times the R values despite a clear misalignment between wind and waves.The results support the hypothesis that nonlinear wave-wave interactions may play a key role in the formation of wave characteristics.
文摘The presented method for numerical typhoon wave prediction is composed of a scheme for real time pressure forecasts, a marine wind numerical model and a typhoon wave numerical model. In the Northwest Pacific Ocean and China seas where water depth is over 20 m, a hybrid wave model [Wen Shengchang, Zhang Dacuo, Chen Bobal and Guo Peifang. 1989, Acta Oceanologica Sinica, 8 (1), 1～14; Zhang Dacuo, Wu Zengmao,Jiang Decai, Wang Wei, Chen Bobai, Tat Weitao, Wen Shengchang, Xu Qichun and Guo Peifaug. 1992, Acta Oceanologica Sinica, 11 (2), 157～178] is employed with 1°×1°grids, while in the South China Sea and East China Sea where typhoon frequently appears, the WAM model (WAMDI Group. 1988, Journal of Physical Oceanography, 18, 1755～1810) of shallow water version is embedded with (1 /4 )°×(1 /4)°grids. The boundary condition at the open boundary of the WAM model is provided by the hybrid model. After 3 a of testing forecasts(Yang Chuncheng, Dai Mingrui and Zhang Dacuo. 1992, International Symposium on Tropical Cyclone Disasters, October 12～16, Beijing, 404～409 ) and improvement, this system was put into operational use on the forecasting computer network of National Marine Environment Forecast Center of China in June, 1993. The wave predictions of 22 typhoon events show that the system is stable and prompt, and the forecast results are satisfactory. This system provides reliable numerical products for the disaster-prevention forecasts. The product is broadcasted in CCTV News at every noon.
基金This project is supported bythe Canadian Panel on Energy Research and Development (Offshore Environmental Fac-tors Program) , ONR (US Office of Naval Research) via GoMOOS-the Gulf of Maine Ocean Observing System,Petroleum Research Atlantic Canada (PRAC) ,and the CFCAS (Canada Foundation for Climate and AtmosphericStudies) ,Canadian Panel on Energy Research and Development (Offshore Environmental Factors Program) .It is al-so supported bythe Advanced Doctoral Fund of the Ministry of Education of China (Grant No.20030294010)
文摘Typhoon-generated waves are simulated with two numerical wave models, the SWAN model for the coastal and Yangtze Estuary domain, nested within the WAVEWATCHIII （WW3） for the basin-scale East China Sea domain. Typhoon No. 8114 is chosen because it was very strong, and generated high waves in the Estuary. WW3 was implemented for the East China Sea coarse-resolution computational domain, to simulate the waves over a large spatial scale and provide boundary conditions for SWAN model simulations, implemented on a fine-resolution nested domain for the Yangtze Estuary area. The Takahashi wind model is applied to the simulation of the East China Sea scale （3-hourly） and Yangtze Estuary scale （1-hourly） winds. Simulations of significant wave heights in the East China Sea show that the highest waves are on the right side of the storm track, and maxima tend to occur at the eastern deep-water open boundary of the Yangtze Estuary. In the Yangtze Estuary, incoming swell is dominant over locally generated waves before the typhoon approaches the Estuary. As the typhoon approaches the Estuary, wind waves and swell coexist, and the wave direction is mainly influenced by the swell direction and the complex topography.
文摘采用第三代海浪模型WAVEWATCHIII,模拟了中国沿海的台风浪过程,以实测浮标数据作为验证,比较了不同的风能输入项和能量耗散方案对台风浪模拟精度影响,结果表明风能输入项与耗散源项选用Tolman and Chalikov方案计算得到的结果与实测值更加吻合,3种方案中该方案更适合中国沿海台风浪的计算。
