Background: Raisins are a nutritious fruit snack containing fiber, antioxidants, and potassium. Diabetics tend to have low fruit intakes, possibly due to concerns about glycemic response. Aim: This study sought to cha...Background: Raisins are a nutritious fruit snack containing fiber, antioxidants, and potassium. Diabetics tend to have low fruit intakes, possibly due to concerns about glycemic response. Aim: This study sought to characterize the utility of raisins as a way to improve fruit consumption by type 2 diabetics. Methods: Fasting type 2 diabetics randomly received 100 Calorie servings of bananas (BA;103.1 g), white bread (WB;40.2 g), raisins (RA;30.3 g), or Thompson seedless grapes (TG;112.4 g) on each of four separate lab visits in single cross-over fashion. Blood glucose (n = 15) and plasma insulin (n = 7) were measured before and 30, 60, 120 minutes after snack consumption. Results: Relative to baseline, blood glucose peaked significantly at 30 minutes for TG, RA and WB at 204.6 ± 16.2, 180.5 ± 12.7, and 176.2 ± 12.2 mg/dL, respectively, the 30 minute value for BA (173.2 ± 11.6 mg/dL) approached significance (p = 0.12). At 30 minutes, the blood glucose values for BA and TG differed significantly, at all other times no significant differences were observed, and all values returned to near baseline 120 minutes after consumption. Postprandial plasma insulin increased for all treatments, though not significantly. Conclusion: The extended shelf life and portability of raisins may make them an attractive choice for improving fruit consumption in type 2 diabetics.展开更多
During the era of Middle Ages,throughout Europe,a mulled or spiced wine commonly consumed at the end of a meal as a digestive,sweetened with honey or containing sugar,named“Hyppocras”(or hypocras,hippocras,ypocras,i...During the era of Middle Ages,throughout Europe,a mulled or spiced wine commonly consumed at the end of a meal as a digestive,sweetened with honey or containing sugar,named“Hyppocras”(or hypocras,hippocras,ypocras,ipocras,Latin:Vinum Hippocraticum),was the most famous aperitif,having also a cluster of supposedly drug qualities[1,2].Hyppocras was regularly served as a digestive at the end of the meal,becoming symbolically the ceremonial conclusion of any banquet since 14th century[3].Evidence of the high regard Hyppocras enjoyed among the medieval lore is testified by the fact that a recipe of the wine enriched with rosewater and raisins,survived within the work“On Wines”written by one on the most esteemed physicians of the 13th century.展开更多
为优化无核白葡萄赤霉素(gibberellin acid,GA_(3))处理方案,提升葡萄及葡萄干品质,以无核白葡萄为试材,设置5种GA_(3)处理(花期不处理+花后10 d 150 mg/L GA_(3)、花序盛开75%75 mg/L GA_(3)+花后10 d 150 mg/L GA_(3)、花序盛开100%75...为优化无核白葡萄赤霉素(gibberellin acid,GA_(3))处理方案,提升葡萄及葡萄干品质,以无核白葡萄为试材,设置5种GA_(3)处理(花期不处理+花后10 d 150 mg/L GA_(3)、花序盛开75%75 mg/L GA_(3)+花后10 d 150 mg/L GA_(3)、花序盛开100%75 mg/L GA_(3)+花后10 d 150 g/L GA_(3)、花后2 d 75 g/L GA_(3)+花后10 d 150 g/L GA_(3)、花后4 d 75 g/L GA_(3)+花后10 d 150 g/L GA_(3)),以花期、花后10 d均不进行GA_(3)处理为对照组,测定葡萄、葡萄干品质及产量指标。结果表明,GA_(3)处理可有效增大无核白葡萄果穗、果粒质量及果形指数,提高鲜果硬度和维生素C含量,促进葡萄色泽变绿。经GA_(3)处理的无核白葡萄所制葡萄干色泽L∗值、a∗值降低,葡萄干亮度降低、色泽变绿;花后2 d 75 g/L GA_(3)+花后10 d 150 mg/L GA_(3)处理的葡萄及葡萄干产量最高,分别达74.10 t/hm^(2)和17.33 t/hm^(2),葡萄干单粒质量、果形指数最大,分别为1.20 g和2.96,具有较高的酚类物质和抗氧化活性。主成分分析结果直观地反映出各处理葡萄、葡萄干品质分布状况,建立综合评价模型得出花后2 d 75 mg/L GA_(3)+花后10 d 150 mg/LGA_(3)处理综合得分最高,应用效果最好。展开更多
文摘Background: Raisins are a nutritious fruit snack containing fiber, antioxidants, and potassium. Diabetics tend to have low fruit intakes, possibly due to concerns about glycemic response. Aim: This study sought to characterize the utility of raisins as a way to improve fruit consumption by type 2 diabetics. Methods: Fasting type 2 diabetics randomly received 100 Calorie servings of bananas (BA;103.1 g), white bread (WB;40.2 g), raisins (RA;30.3 g), or Thompson seedless grapes (TG;112.4 g) on each of four separate lab visits in single cross-over fashion. Blood glucose (n = 15) and plasma insulin (n = 7) were measured before and 30, 60, 120 minutes after snack consumption. Results: Relative to baseline, blood glucose peaked significantly at 30 minutes for TG, RA and WB at 204.6 ± 16.2, 180.5 ± 12.7, and 176.2 ± 12.2 mg/dL, respectively, the 30 minute value for BA (173.2 ± 11.6 mg/dL) approached significance (p = 0.12). At 30 minutes, the blood glucose values for BA and TG differed significantly, at all other times no significant differences were observed, and all values returned to near baseline 120 minutes after consumption. Postprandial plasma insulin increased for all treatments, though not significantly. Conclusion: The extended shelf life and portability of raisins may make them an attractive choice for improving fruit consumption in type 2 diabetics.
文摘During the era of Middle Ages,throughout Europe,a mulled or spiced wine commonly consumed at the end of a meal as a digestive,sweetened with honey or containing sugar,named“Hyppocras”(or hypocras,hippocras,ypocras,ipocras,Latin:Vinum Hippocraticum),was the most famous aperitif,having also a cluster of supposedly drug qualities[1,2].Hyppocras was regularly served as a digestive at the end of the meal,becoming symbolically the ceremonial conclusion of any banquet since 14th century[3].Evidence of the high regard Hyppocras enjoyed among the medieval lore is testified by the fact that a recipe of the wine enriched with rosewater and raisins,survived within the work“On Wines”written by one on the most esteemed physicians of the 13th century.
文摘为优化无核白葡萄赤霉素(gibberellin acid,GA_(3))处理方案,提升葡萄及葡萄干品质,以无核白葡萄为试材,设置5种GA_(3)处理(花期不处理+花后10 d 150 mg/L GA_(3)、花序盛开75%75 mg/L GA_(3)+花后10 d 150 mg/L GA_(3)、花序盛开100%75 mg/L GA_(3)+花后10 d 150 g/L GA_(3)、花后2 d 75 g/L GA_(3)+花后10 d 150 g/L GA_(3)、花后4 d 75 g/L GA_(3)+花后10 d 150 g/L GA_(3)),以花期、花后10 d均不进行GA_(3)处理为对照组,测定葡萄、葡萄干品质及产量指标。结果表明,GA_(3)处理可有效增大无核白葡萄果穗、果粒质量及果形指数,提高鲜果硬度和维生素C含量,促进葡萄色泽变绿。经GA_(3)处理的无核白葡萄所制葡萄干色泽L∗值、a∗值降低,葡萄干亮度降低、色泽变绿;花后2 d 75 g/L GA_(3)+花后10 d 150 mg/L GA_(3)处理的葡萄及葡萄干产量最高,分别达74.10 t/hm^(2)和17.33 t/hm^(2),葡萄干单粒质量、果形指数最大,分别为1.20 g和2.96,具有较高的酚类物质和抗氧化活性。主成分分析结果直观地反映出各处理葡萄、葡萄干品质分布状况,建立综合评价模型得出花后2 d 75 mg/L GA_(3)+花后10 d 150 mg/LGA_(3)处理综合得分最高,应用效果最好。
