A genetic algorithm (GA)-based method is proposed to solve the nonlinearoptimization problem of minimum zone cylindricity evaluation. First, the background of the problemis introduced. Then the mathematical model and ...A genetic algorithm (GA)-based method is proposed to solve the nonlinearoptimization problem of minimum zone cylindricity evaluation. First, the background of the problemis introduced. Then the mathematical model and the fitness function are derived from themathematical definition of dimensioning and tolerancing principles. Thirdly with the least squaressolution as the initial values, the whole implementation process of the algorithm is realized inwhich some key techniques, for example, variables representing, population initializing and suchbasic operations as selection, crossover and mutation, are discussed in detail. Finally, examplesare quoted to verify the proposed algorithm. The computation results indicate that the GA-basedoptimization method performs well on cylindricity evaluation. The outstanding advantages concludehigh accuracy, high efficiency and capabilities of solving complicated nonlinear and large spaceproblems.展开更多
Considering the characteristics of spatial straightness error, this paper puts forward a kind of evaluation method of spatial straightness error using Geometric Approximation Searching Algorithm (GASA). According to t...Considering the characteristics of spatial straightness error, this paper puts forward a kind of evaluation method of spatial straightness error using Geometric Approximation Searching Algorithm (GASA). According to the minimum condition principle of form error evaluation, the mathematic model and optimization objective of the GASA are given. The algorithm avoids the optimization and linearization, and can be fulfilled in three steps. First construct two parallel quadrates based on the preset two reference points of the spatial line respectively;second construct centerlines by connecting one quadrate each vertices to another quadrate each vertices;after that, calculate the distances between measured points and the constructed centerlines. The minimum zone straightness error is obtained by repeating comparing and reconstructing quadrates. The principle and steps of the algorithm to evaluate spatial straightness error is described in detail, and the mathematical formula and program flowchart are given also. Results show that this algorithm can evaluate spatial straightness error more effectively and exactly.展开更多
The theoretical lower bounds on mean squared channel estimation errors for typical fading channels are presented by the infinite-length and non-causal Wiener filter and the exact closed-form expressions of the lower b...The theoretical lower bounds on mean squared channel estimation errors for typical fading channels are presented by the infinite-length and non-causal Wiener filter and the exact closed-form expressions of the lower bounds for different channel Doppler spectra are derived. Based on the obtained lower bounds on mean squared channel estimation errors, the limits on bit error rate （BER） for maximal ratio combining （MRC） with Gaussian distributed weighting errors on independent and identically distributed （i. i. d） fading channels are presented. Numerical results show that the BER performances of ideal MRC are the lower bounds on the BER performances of non-ideal MRC and deteriorate as the maximum Doppler frequency increases or the SNR of channel estimate decreases.展开更多
The cone is widely used in mechanical design for rotation, centering and fixing. Whether the conicity error can be measured and evaluated accurately will directly influence its assembly accuracy and working performanc...The cone is widely used in mechanical design for rotation, centering and fixing. Whether the conicity error can be measured and evaluated accurately will directly influence its assembly accuracy and working performance. According to the new generation geometrical product specification（GPS）, the error and its measurement uncertainty should be evaluated together. The mathematical model of the minimum zone conicity error is established and an improved immune evolutionary algorithm（IlEA） is proposed to search for the conicity error. In the IIEA, initial antibodies are firstly generated by using quasi-random sequences and two kinds of affinities are calculated. Then, each antibody clone is generated and they are self-adaptively mutated so as to maintain diversity. Similar antibody is suppressed and new random antibody is generated. Because the mathematical model of conicity error is strongly nonlinear and the input quantities are not independent, it is difficult to use Guide to the expression of uncertainty in the measurement（GUM） method to evaluate measurement uncertainty. Adaptive Monte Carlo method（AMCM） is proposed to estimate measurement uncertainty in which the number of Monte Carlo trials is selected adaptively and the quality of the numerical results is directly controlled. The cone parts was machined on lathe CK6140 and measured on Miracle NC 454 Coordinate Measuring Machine（CMM）. The experiment results confirm that the proposed method not only can search for the approximate solution of the minimum zone conicity error（MZCE） rapidly and precisely, but also can evaluate measurement uncertainty and give control variables with an expected numerical tolerance. The conicity errors computed by the proposed method are 20%-40% less than those computed by NC454 CMM software and the evaluation accuracy improves significantly.展开更多
Gravity/inertial combination navigation is a leading issue in realizing passive navigation onboard a submarine. A new rotation-fitting gravity matching algorithm, based on the Terrain Contour Matching (TERCOM) algorit...Gravity/inertial combination navigation is a leading issue in realizing passive navigation onboard a submarine. A new rotation-fitting gravity matching algorithm, based on the Terrain Contour Matching (TERCOM) algorithm, is proposed in this paper. The algorithm is based on the principle of least mean-square-error criterion, and searches for a certain matched trajectory that runs parallel to a trace indicated by an inertial navigation system on a gravity base map. A rotation is then made clockwise or counterclockwise through a certain angle around the matched trajectory to look for an optimal matched trajectory within a certain angle span range, and through weighted fitting with another eight suboptimal matched trajectories, the endpoint of the fitted trajectory is considered the optimal matched position. In analysis of the algorithm reliability and matching error, the results from simulation indicate that the optimal position can be obtained effectively in real time, and the positioning accuracy improves by 35% and up to 1.05 nautical miles using the proposed algorithm compared with using the widely employed TERCOM and SITAN methods. Current gravity-aided navigation can benefit from implementation of this new algorithm in terms of better reliability and positioning accuracy.展开更多
In this letter,by employing Gaussian distribution to approximate the probability density function(pdf) of the extrinsic information at the output of the multiuser detector as a function of the pdf of the input extrins...In this letter,by employing Gaussian distribution to approximate the probability density function(pdf) of the extrinsic information at the output of the multiuser detector as a function of the pdf of the input extrinsic messages,it is concluded that the Probabilistic Data Association(PDA) algorithm is equivalent to the Soft Interference Cancellation plus Minimum Mean Square Error algo-rithm(SIC-MMSE) .展开更多
A new channel estimation and data detection joint algorithm is proposed for multi-input multi-output （MIMO） - orthogonal frequency division multiplexing （OFDM） system using linear minimum mean square error （LMMSE...A new channel estimation and data detection joint algorithm is proposed for multi-input multi-output （MIMO） - orthogonal frequency division multiplexing （OFDM） system using linear minimum mean square error （LMMSE）- based space-alternating generalized expectation-maximization （SAGE） algorithm. In the proposed algorithm, every sub-frame of the MIMO-OFDM system is divided into some OFDM sub-blocks and the LMMSE-based SAGE algorithm in each sub-block is used. At the head of each sub-flame, we insert training symbols which are used in the initial estimation at the beginning. Channel estimation of the previous sub-block is applied to the initial estimation in the current sub-block by the maximum-likelihood （ML） detection to update channel estimatjon and data detection by iteration until converge. Then all the sub-blocks can be finished in turn. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm can improve the bit error rate （BER） performance.展开更多
The matrix inversion operation is needed in the MMSE decoding algorithm of orthogonal space-time block coding （OSTBC） proposed by Papadias and Foschini. In this paper, an minimum mean square error （MMSE） decoding ...The matrix inversion operation is needed in the MMSE decoding algorithm of orthogonal space-time block coding （OSTBC） proposed by Papadias and Foschini. In this paper, an minimum mean square error （MMSE） decoding algorithm without matrix inversion is proposed, by which the computational complexity can be reduced directly but the decoding performance is not affected.展开更多
The evaluation of the minimum distance of linear block codes remains an open problem in coding theory, and it is not easy to determine its true value by classical methods, for this reason the problem has been solved i...The evaluation of the minimum distance of linear block codes remains an open problem in coding theory, and it is not easy to determine its true value by classical methods, for this reason the problem has been solved in the literature with heuristic techniques such as genetic algorithms and local search algorithms. In this paper we propose two approaches to attack the hardness of this problem. The first approach is based on genetic algorithms and it yield to good results comparing to another work based also on genetic algorithms. The second approach is based on a new randomized algorithm which we call 'Multiple Impulse Method (MIM)', where the principle is to search codewords locally around the all-zero codeword perturbed by a minimum level of noise, anticipating that the resultant nearest nonzero codewords will most likely contain the minimum Hamming-weight codeword whose Hamming weight is equal to the minimum distance of the linear code.展开更多
MEMS(Micro-Electro-Mechanical-System)陀螺仪是一种小型化的惯性传感器,广泛应用于导航、导弹制导、自动驾驶、虚拟现实和无人机等领域。然而MEMS陀螺仪常受到来自环境和硬件本身噪声的影响,降低了其性能,限制了MEMS陀螺仪在高精度场...MEMS(Micro-Electro-Mechanical-System)陀螺仪是一种小型化的惯性传感器,广泛应用于导航、导弹制导、自动驾驶、虚拟现实和无人机等领域。然而MEMS陀螺仪常受到来自环境和硬件本身噪声的影响,降低了其性能,限制了MEMS陀螺仪在高精度场合的应用。因此,信号去噪成为提高MEMS陀螺仪精度的重要手段之一。论文提出一种基于局部均值分解(LMD)和自适应最小均方误差(least mean squares,LMS)滤波算法。首先,使用局部均值分解对MEMS陀螺仪输出信号进行分解,然后应用多尺度排列熵将PF分量归类为混合分量和有用分量;再通过LMS对混合分量进行去噪,将MEMS陀螺仪的输出信号进行重建。并进行实验验证所提出的算法,实验结果表明,噪声均值、噪声方差有明显提升。展开更多
最小均方误差(Minimum Mean Square Error,MMSE)检测算法是大规模多输入多输出(massive MIMO)系统中能够实现接近最优检测性能的一种算法,但包含对高维矩阵的求逆运算,复杂度较高,因此不适合应用在实际工程中。针对这一问题,文章基于矩...最小均方误差(Minimum Mean Square Error,MMSE)检测算法是大规模多输入多输出(massive MIMO)系统中能够实现接近最优检测性能的一种算法,但包含对高维矩阵的求逆运算,复杂度较高,因此不适合应用在实际工程中。针对这一问题,文章基于矩阵分块思想和理查德森(Richardson,RI)算法,提出了一种预处理的理查德森(Pretreatment-Richardson,P-RI)迭代算法,该算法首先基于矩阵分块思想构造了一种新形式的线性迭代,然后用此线性迭代对理查德森算法进行预处理,有效提升了算法的收敛速度。实验结果显示,与现有的RI算法相比,该算法的检测性能更好。展开更多
针对以感知波形为基础的信号在通感一体化(Integrated sensing and communication,ISAC)系统中面临通信速率低、易被截获等问题,本文设计了一种基于正交相移键控(Quadrature phase shift keying,QPSK)与线性调频信号(Linear frequency m...针对以感知波形为基础的信号在通感一体化(Integrated sensing and communication,ISAC)系统中面临通信速率低、易被截获等问题,本文设计了一种基于正交相移键控(Quadrature phase shift keying,QPSK)与线性调频信号(Linear frequency modulation,LFM)的多路跳频传输架构。该架构利用多个LFM信号同时在重叠的频谱区间传输以提高符号速率,并通过LFM子载波的跳频特性实现加密通信。此外,通过结合动态前导码与数据的时分复用机制,该方案有效地提升了多路LFM信号的路径索引和参数估计精度。针对符号解调,本文提出两种基于非相干离散啁啾傅里叶变换(Noncoherent discrete chirp Fourier transform,NC⁃DCFT)的多峰值检测算法。仿真结果表明,在相同符号速率约束下,本文所提出的多路并行架构在误码率方面优于传统单路方案,当信噪比为0 dB时,4路并行架构的误码率相较于单路方案降低了一个数量级。同时,动态前导码方案满足不同场景下的路径索引识别需求,在信噪比为0 dB时,归一化均方差均低于10-2。此外,面向功率均衡、功率差异显著及载波参数保护间隔较小3种复杂场景设计的符号检测算法,在其适配场景下均可实现误码率低于10-2。最后,跳频机制显著增强了系统的抗截获能力,即使50%参数泄露,第3方对信号的恢复概率(Probability of accurate recovery,PAR)仍被压制在7%以下,验证了该方案的鲁棒性与应用价值。展开更多
基金This project is supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.59975025)
文摘A genetic algorithm (GA)-based method is proposed to solve the nonlinearoptimization problem of minimum zone cylindricity evaluation. First, the background of the problemis introduced. Then the mathematical model and the fitness function are derived from themathematical definition of dimensioning and tolerancing principles. Thirdly with the least squaressolution as the initial values, the whole implementation process of the algorithm is realized inwhich some key techniques, for example, variables representing, population initializing and suchbasic operations as selection, crossover and mutation, are discussed in detail. Finally, examplesare quoted to verify the proposed algorithm. The computation results indicate that the GA-basedoptimization method performs well on cylindricity evaluation. The outstanding advantages concludehigh accuracy, high efficiency and capabilities of solving complicated nonlinear and large spaceproblems.
文摘Considering the characteristics of spatial straightness error, this paper puts forward a kind of evaluation method of spatial straightness error using Geometric Approximation Searching Algorithm (GASA). According to the minimum condition principle of form error evaluation, the mathematic model and optimization objective of the GASA are given. The algorithm avoids the optimization and linearization, and can be fulfilled in three steps. First construct two parallel quadrates based on the preset two reference points of the spatial line respectively;second construct centerlines by connecting one quadrate each vertices to another quadrate each vertices;after that, calculate the distances between measured points and the constructed centerlines. The minimum zone straightness error is obtained by repeating comparing and reconstructing quadrates. The principle and steps of the algorithm to evaluate spatial straightness error is described in detail, and the mathematical formula and program flowchart are given also. Results show that this algorithm can evaluate spatial straightness error more effectively and exactly.
文摘The theoretical lower bounds on mean squared channel estimation errors for typical fading channels are presented by the infinite-length and non-causal Wiener filter and the exact closed-form expressions of the lower bounds for different channel Doppler spectra are derived. Based on the obtained lower bounds on mean squared channel estimation errors, the limits on bit error rate （BER） for maximal ratio combining （MRC） with Gaussian distributed weighting errors on independent and identically distributed （i. i. d） fading channels are presented. Numerical results show that the BER performances of ideal MRC are the lower bounds on the BER performances of non-ideal MRC and deteriorate as the maximum Doppler frequency increases or the SNR of channel estimate decreases.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51075198)Jiangsu Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.BK2010479)+1 种基金Jiangsu Provincial Project of Six Talented Peaks of ChinaJiangsu Provincial Project of 333 Talents Engineering of China(Grant No.3-45)
文摘The cone is widely used in mechanical design for rotation, centering and fixing. Whether the conicity error can be measured and evaluated accurately will directly influence its assembly accuracy and working performance. According to the new generation geometrical product specification（GPS）, the error and its measurement uncertainty should be evaluated together. The mathematical model of the minimum zone conicity error is established and an improved immune evolutionary algorithm（IlEA） is proposed to search for the conicity error. In the IIEA, initial antibodies are firstly generated by using quasi-random sequences and two kinds of affinities are calculated. Then, each antibody clone is generated and they are self-adaptively mutated so as to maintain diversity. Similar antibody is suppressed and new random antibody is generated. Because the mathematical model of conicity error is strongly nonlinear and the input quantities are not independent, it is difficult to use Guide to the expression of uncertainty in the measurement（GUM） method to evaluate measurement uncertainty. Adaptive Monte Carlo method（AMCM） is proposed to estimate measurement uncertainty in which the number of Monte Carlo trials is selected adaptively and the quality of the numerical results is directly controlled. The cone parts was machined on lathe CK6140 and measured on Miracle NC 454 Coordinate Measuring Machine（CMM）. The experiment results confirm that the proposed method not only can search for the approximate solution of the minimum zone conicity error（MZCE） rapidly and precisely, but also can evaluate measurement uncertainty and give control variables with an expected numerical tolerance. The conicity errors computed by the proposed method are 20%-40% less than those computed by NC454 CMM software and the evaluation accuracy improves significantly.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 41074051, 41021003 and 40874037)
文摘Gravity/inertial combination navigation is a leading issue in realizing passive navigation onboard a submarine. A new rotation-fitting gravity matching algorithm, based on the Terrain Contour Matching (TERCOM) algorithm, is proposed in this paper. The algorithm is based on the principle of least mean-square-error criterion, and searches for a certain matched trajectory that runs parallel to a trace indicated by an inertial navigation system on a gravity base map. A rotation is then made clockwise or counterclockwise through a certain angle around the matched trajectory to look for an optimal matched trajectory within a certain angle span range, and through weighted fitting with another eight suboptimal matched trajectories, the endpoint of the fitted trajectory is considered the optimal matched position. In analysis of the algorithm reliability and matching error, the results from simulation indicate that the optimal position can be obtained effectively in real time, and the positioning accuracy improves by 35% and up to 1.05 nautical miles using the proposed algorithm compared with using the widely employed TERCOM and SITAN methods. Current gravity-aided navigation can benefit from implementation of this new algorithm in terms of better reliability and positioning accuracy.
文摘In this letter,by employing Gaussian distribution to approximate the probability density function(pdf) of the extrinsic information at the output of the multiuser detector as a function of the pdf of the input extrinsic messages,it is concluded that the Probabilistic Data Association(PDA) algorithm is equivalent to the Soft Interference Cancellation plus Minimum Mean Square Error algo-rithm(SIC-MMSE) .
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （No. 61001105）, the National Science and Technology Major Projects （No. 2011ZX03001- 007- 03） and Beijing Natural Science Foundation （No. 4102043）.
文摘A new channel estimation and data detection joint algorithm is proposed for multi-input multi-output （MIMO） - orthogonal frequency division multiplexing （OFDM） system using linear minimum mean square error （LMMSE）- based space-alternating generalized expectation-maximization （SAGE） algorithm. In the proposed algorithm, every sub-frame of the MIMO-OFDM system is divided into some OFDM sub-blocks and the LMMSE-based SAGE algorithm in each sub-block is used. At the head of each sub-flame, we insert training symbols which are used in the initial estimation at the beginning. Channel estimation of the previous sub-block is applied to the initial estimation in the current sub-block by the maximum-likelihood （ML） detection to update channel estimatjon and data detection by iteration until converge. Then all the sub-blocks can be finished in turn. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm can improve the bit error rate （BER） performance.
文摘The matrix inversion operation is needed in the MMSE decoding algorithm of orthogonal space-time block coding （OSTBC） proposed by Papadias and Foschini. In this paper, an minimum mean square error （MMSE） decoding algorithm without matrix inversion is proposed, by which the computational complexity can be reduced directly but the decoding performance is not affected.
文摘The evaluation of the minimum distance of linear block codes remains an open problem in coding theory, and it is not easy to determine its true value by classical methods, for this reason the problem has been solved in the literature with heuristic techniques such as genetic algorithms and local search algorithms. In this paper we propose two approaches to attack the hardness of this problem. The first approach is based on genetic algorithms and it yield to good results comparing to another work based also on genetic algorithms. The second approach is based on a new randomized algorithm which we call 'Multiple Impulse Method (MIM)', where the principle is to search codewords locally around the all-zero codeword perturbed by a minimum level of noise, anticipating that the resultant nearest nonzero codewords will most likely contain the minimum Hamming-weight codeword whose Hamming weight is equal to the minimum distance of the linear code.
文摘MEMS(Micro-Electro-Mechanical-System)陀螺仪是一种小型化的惯性传感器,广泛应用于导航、导弹制导、自动驾驶、虚拟现实和无人机等领域。然而MEMS陀螺仪常受到来自环境和硬件本身噪声的影响,降低了其性能,限制了MEMS陀螺仪在高精度场合的应用。因此,信号去噪成为提高MEMS陀螺仪精度的重要手段之一。论文提出一种基于局部均值分解(LMD)和自适应最小均方误差(least mean squares,LMS)滤波算法。首先,使用局部均值分解对MEMS陀螺仪输出信号进行分解,然后应用多尺度排列熵将PF分量归类为混合分量和有用分量;再通过LMS对混合分量进行去噪,将MEMS陀螺仪的输出信号进行重建。并进行实验验证所提出的算法,实验结果表明,噪声均值、噪声方差有明显提升。
文摘最小均方误差(Minimum Mean Square Error,MMSE)检测算法是大规模多输入多输出(massive MIMO)系统中能够实现接近最优检测性能的一种算法,但包含对高维矩阵的求逆运算,复杂度较高,因此不适合应用在实际工程中。针对这一问题,文章基于矩阵分块思想和理查德森(Richardson,RI)算法,提出了一种预处理的理查德森(Pretreatment-Richardson,P-RI)迭代算法,该算法首先基于矩阵分块思想构造了一种新形式的线性迭代,然后用此线性迭代对理查德森算法进行预处理,有效提升了算法的收敛速度。实验结果显示,与现有的RI算法相比,该算法的检测性能更好。
文摘针对以感知波形为基础的信号在通感一体化(Integrated sensing and communication,ISAC)系统中面临通信速率低、易被截获等问题,本文设计了一种基于正交相移键控(Quadrature phase shift keying,QPSK)与线性调频信号(Linear frequency modulation,LFM)的多路跳频传输架构。该架构利用多个LFM信号同时在重叠的频谱区间传输以提高符号速率,并通过LFM子载波的跳频特性实现加密通信。此外,通过结合动态前导码与数据的时分复用机制,该方案有效地提升了多路LFM信号的路径索引和参数估计精度。针对符号解调,本文提出两种基于非相干离散啁啾傅里叶变换(Noncoherent discrete chirp Fourier transform,NC⁃DCFT)的多峰值检测算法。仿真结果表明,在相同符号速率约束下,本文所提出的多路并行架构在误码率方面优于传统单路方案,当信噪比为0 dB时,4路并行架构的误码率相较于单路方案降低了一个数量级。同时,动态前导码方案满足不同场景下的路径索引识别需求,在信噪比为0 dB时,归一化均方差均低于10-2。此外,面向功率均衡、功率差异显著及载波参数保护间隔较小3种复杂场景设计的符号检测算法,在其适配场景下均可实现误码率低于10-2。最后,跳频机制显著增强了系统的抗截获能力,即使50%参数泄露,第3方对信号的恢复概率(Probability of accurate recovery,PAR)仍被压制在7%以下,验证了该方案的鲁棒性与应用价值。
