High-temperature and high-salt reservoirs are often accompanied by serious gas channeling in gas flooding,which will greatly affect the effect of gas injection development,so in-situ foaming of temperature-resistant a...High-temperature and high-salt reservoirs are often accompanied by serious gas channeling in gas flooding,which will greatly affect the effect of gas injection development,so in-situ foaming of temperature-resistant and salt-resistant foaming agents is commonly used to control gas channeling.The feasibility of the compound system of dodecyl hydroxyl sulfobetaine(HSB12)andα-olefin sulfonate(AOS)as foaming agent for sandstone reservoir was studied at 130℃and 22×10^(4)mg/L.The results showed that the foaming agent(HSB12 and AOS were compounded in a 6:1 mass ratio,in this article,this foaming agent is simply referred to as SA61)had good solubility in 22×10^(4)mg/L simulated formation water.Besides,the foaming volume of SA61 and HSB12 was similar,but the foam decay half-life of SA61was 10-25 times higher than that of HSB12.The foaming performance of SA61 on the surface of quartz sand remained above 90%of that before adsorption.The strong interaction between HSB12 and AOS in the compound system SA61 was demonstrated by surface rheological measurements and NMR studies of surfactants.The results of co re flow test showed that SA61 had better mobility control ability than HSB12under the same surfactant concentration.In addition,SA61 showed a selective mobility reduction in2005.30 and 632.00 mD cores.The above research results can guide the selection and application of foaming agent in clastic reservoir.展开更多
The performances of a novel foaming agent used in the preparation process of aluminum foams were investigated, and the effects of some factors, such as addition of the foaming agent, foaming temperature on the porosit...The performances of a novel foaming agent used in the preparation process of aluminum foams were investigated, and the effects of some factors, such as addition of the foaming agent, foaming temperature on the porosity, and appearance of aluminum foams were also discussed. Experimental results show that the novel foaming agent has a wide decomposition temperature range and a mild decomposed rate; the foaming agent has the ability to enhance the viscosity of aluminum melt, as a result, an extra viscosifier such as Ca or SiCp is unnecessary while using this foaming agent; the bubble-free zone in material decreases and the foaming effi- ciency increases with the increase of foaming agent; the bubble-free zone disappears and the foaming efficiency is near 100% when the addition of foaming agent is more than 1.4wt%; the porosity of the aluminum foam increases with the increase of foaming agent when the addition of foaming agent is less than 2.2wt%.展开更多
Replacement of TiH2 as foaming agent by CaCO3（lime） and CaMg（CO3）2（dolomite） for AlMg4.5-and AlSi9Cu3-foams was investigated considering inluences on foaming capability and cellular structure.Precursor materials...Replacement of TiH2 as foaming agent by CaCO3（lime） and CaMg（CO3）2（dolomite） for AlMg4.5-and AlSi9Cu3-foams was investigated considering inluences on foaming capability and cellular structure.Precursor materials were produced from alloy chip and powder mixtures by means of the thixocasting process.AlSi9Cu3 variants showed expansion levels suffcient for commercial use.Variations in expansion observed when CaCO3 and CaMg（CO3）2 were compared as foaming agent are explained based on the course of decomposition.Improved performance of dolomite-based foams relies on formation of stabilizing MgO phases,which do not develop during decomposition of CaCO3 in Al-Si-Cu alloys展开更多
The conventional foaming agents have the problems of poor adaptability and high cost during the application in different types of gas fields,especially in high temperature,high salinity,high acidic gas and high conden...The conventional foaming agents have the problems of poor adaptability and high cost during the application in different types of gas fields,especially in high temperature,high salinity,high acidic gas and high condensate oil and gas fields.In this study,the Gemini foaming agent was used as the main agent to enhance foaming and foam stability of the foaming agent,the grafted nanoparticles were used as foam stabilizer to further improve the foam stability,and the characteristic auxiliaries were added to make the foaming agent suitable for different types of gas reservoirs.Two types and six subtypes of nanoparticle foaming agents have been prepared for the main gas fields of China.The experimental evaluation results show that the overall temperature resistance,salinity resistance,H2S resistance,CO2 resistance and condensate resistance of the nanoparticle foaming agents can reach 160℃,250000 mg/L,100 mg/L,100%and 40%,respectively.The new foaming agents have been used in 8685 wells in China.Compared with conventional foaming agent,the average gas flow rate per well increased by 62.48%,the pressure difference(casing-tubing)decreased by 18.9%,and the cost dropped by 45%.The effect of reducing cost and increasing efficiency is obvious.展开更多
Latex is one of the natural rubbers that is used to enhance the performance of asphalt pavement for the last few decades.The presence of latex,which is categorized as an elastomer,helps to improve pavement performance...Latex is one of the natural rubbers that is used to enhance the performance of asphalt pavement for the last few decades.The presence of latex,which is categorized as an elastomer,helps to improve pavement performance and durability.Conversely,higher viscosity of latex modified asphalt binder increases the production-temperatures of asphalt mixture,thus consuming higher energy during asphalt mixture’s production stage.In this study,the effectiveness of methanol as an energy-efficient foaming agent was assessed to reduce the viscosity and enhance the workability of the modified asphalt binder.The basic and rheological properties of the asphalt binders were determined through multiple laboratory tests including expansion ratio and half-life,rotational viscosity,softening point,torsional recovery,and dynamic shear rheometer.The properties of asphalt mixtures were assessed through the service characteristics,mechanical performance,and moisture resistance criteria.It was found that the presence of latex results in an approximately twofold higher expansion ratio and a lower half-life of the asphalt binder at about the same ratio.Through the rotational viscosity test,the application of methanol into asphalt binder decreased the viscosity and led to better workability,despite the addition of latex as an asphalt modifier.The application of methanol into asphalt binder improved the workability of mixture samples and lowered the compaction energy of the compaction process,which are the crucial criteria for a better mixing and compaction process.Methanol foamed asphalt mixtures with latex show much higher resistance to moisture damage and stiffness than control sample even though they were prepared at a lower temperature.展开更多
The aim of this study was to create a foaming agent and then evaluate its performance.This foaming agent is made up of Sodium lauryl sulfate,Ethanol,Lauryl alcohol and Water.On aeration,the diluted foaming solution pr...The aim of this study was to create a foaming agent and then evaluate its performance.This foaming agent is made up of Sodium lauryl sulfate,Ethanol,Lauryl alcohol and Water.On aeration,the diluted foaming solution produces a stable foam whose properties,density,capacity and drainage were studied.The compressive strength,water absorption and density of foamed concrete were also studied.Test results show that the initial foam density is 104kg/m3 at an optimum dilution ratio of 1:40.Foamed concrete’s density can vary from 450kg/m3 to 1 950bkg/m3 and its compressive strength is in0.5~23 MPa.Compressive strength test results of this foaming agent are higher than those produced with EABASSOC foaming agent.According to ASTM 869-91,this chemical composition qualifies to be used as a foaming agent.展开更多
基金financial support from the Major Scientific and Technological Projects of CNPC(Award No.ZD2019-183-007)。
文摘High-temperature and high-salt reservoirs are often accompanied by serious gas channeling in gas flooding,which will greatly affect the effect of gas injection development,so in-situ foaming of temperature-resistant and salt-resistant foaming agents is commonly used to control gas channeling.The feasibility of the compound system of dodecyl hydroxyl sulfobetaine(HSB12)andα-olefin sulfonate(AOS)as foaming agent for sandstone reservoir was studied at 130℃and 22×10^(4)mg/L.The results showed that the foaming agent(HSB12 and AOS were compounded in a 6:1 mass ratio,in this article,this foaming agent is simply referred to as SA61)had good solubility in 22×10^(4)mg/L simulated formation water.Besides,the foaming volume of SA61 and HSB12 was similar,but the foam decay half-life of SA61was 10-25 times higher than that of HSB12.The foaming performance of SA61 on the surface of quartz sand remained above 90%of that before adsorption.The strong interaction between HSB12 and AOS in the compound system SA61 was demonstrated by surface rheological measurements and NMR studies of surfactants.The results of co re flow test showed that SA61 had better mobility control ability than HSB12under the same surfactant concentration.In addition,SA61 showed a selective mobility reduction in2005.30 and 632.00 mD cores.The above research results can guide the selection and application of foaming agent in clastic reservoir.
基金supported by Hunan Science and Technology Program Project (No.06SK2011)
文摘The performances of a novel foaming agent used in the preparation process of aluminum foams were investigated, and the effects of some factors, such as addition of the foaming agent, foaming temperature on the porosity, and appearance of aluminum foams were also discussed. Experimental results show that the novel foaming agent has a wide decomposition temperature range and a mild decomposed rate; the foaming agent has the ability to enhance the viscosity of aluminum melt, as a result, an extra viscosifier such as Ca or SiCp is unnecessary while using this foaming agent; the bubble-free zone in material decreases and the foaming effi- ciency increases with the increase of foaming agent; the bubble-free zone disappears and the foaming efficiency is near 100% when the addition of foaming agent is more than 1.4wt%; the porosity of the aluminum foam increases with the increase of foaming agent when the addition of foaming agent is less than 2.2wt%.
文摘Replacement of TiH2 as foaming agent by CaCO3（lime） and CaMg（CO3）2（dolomite） for AlMg4.5-and AlSi9Cu3-foams was investigated considering inluences on foaming capability and cellular structure.Precursor materials were produced from alloy chip and powder mixtures by means of the thixocasting process.AlSi9Cu3 variants showed expansion levels suffcient for commercial use.Variations in expansion observed when CaCO3 and CaMg（CO3）2 were compared as foaming agent are explained based on the course of decomposition.Improved performance of dolomite-based foams relies on formation of stabilizing MgO phases,which do not develop during decomposition of CaCO3 in Al-Si-Cu alloys
基金Supported by the PetroChina Scientifc Research and Technological Development Project(kt2017-21-14-1).
文摘The conventional foaming agents have the problems of poor adaptability and high cost during the application in different types of gas fields,especially in high temperature,high salinity,high acidic gas and high condensate oil and gas fields.In this study,the Gemini foaming agent was used as the main agent to enhance foaming and foam stability of the foaming agent,the grafted nanoparticles were used as foam stabilizer to further improve the foam stability,and the characteristic auxiliaries were added to make the foaming agent suitable for different types of gas reservoirs.Two types and six subtypes of nanoparticle foaming agents have been prepared for the main gas fields of China.The experimental evaluation results show that the overall temperature resistance,salinity resistance,H2S resistance,CO2 resistance and condensate resistance of the nanoparticle foaming agents can reach 160℃,250000 mg/L,100 mg/L,100%and 40%,respectively.The new foaming agents have been used in 8685 wells in China.Compared with conventional foaming agent,the average gas flow rate per well increased by 62.48%,the pressure difference(casing-tubing)decreased by 18.9%,and the cost dropped by 45%.The effect of reducing cost and increasing efficiency is obvious.
基金support by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(grant no.52078048,51750110491).
文摘Latex is one of the natural rubbers that is used to enhance the performance of asphalt pavement for the last few decades.The presence of latex,which is categorized as an elastomer,helps to improve pavement performance and durability.Conversely,higher viscosity of latex modified asphalt binder increases the production-temperatures of asphalt mixture,thus consuming higher energy during asphalt mixture’s production stage.In this study,the effectiveness of methanol as an energy-efficient foaming agent was assessed to reduce the viscosity and enhance the workability of the modified asphalt binder.The basic and rheological properties of the asphalt binders were determined through multiple laboratory tests including expansion ratio and half-life,rotational viscosity,softening point,torsional recovery,and dynamic shear rheometer.The properties of asphalt mixtures were assessed through the service characteristics,mechanical performance,and moisture resistance criteria.It was found that the presence of latex results in an approximately twofold higher expansion ratio and a lower half-life of the asphalt binder at about the same ratio.Through the rotational viscosity test,the application of methanol into asphalt binder decreased the viscosity and led to better workability,despite the addition of latex as an asphalt modifier.The application of methanol into asphalt binder improved the workability of mixture samples and lowered the compaction energy of the compaction process,which are the crucial criteria for a better mixing and compaction process.Methanol foamed asphalt mixtures with latex show much higher resistance to moisture damage and stiffness than control sample even though they were prepared at a lower temperature.
文摘The aim of this study was to create a foaming agent and then evaluate its performance.This foaming agent is made up of Sodium lauryl sulfate,Ethanol,Lauryl alcohol and Water.On aeration,the diluted foaming solution produces a stable foam whose properties,density,capacity and drainage were studied.The compressive strength,water absorption and density of foamed concrete were also studied.Test results show that the initial foam density is 104kg/m3 at an optimum dilution ratio of 1:40.Foamed concrete’s density can vary from 450kg/m3 to 1 950bkg/m3 and its compressive strength is in0.5~23 MPa.Compressive strength test results of this foaming agent are higher than those produced with EABASSOC foaming agent.According to ASTM 869-91,this chemical composition qualifies to be used as a foaming agent.
