The 5’ end cDNA fragment(ER1’) of early responsive gene(ER1) of rice(Oryza sativa L. subsp. japonica No.4) induced by blast fungus M. grisea has been isolated and sequenced (606 bp) by 5’RACE technique(Fig. 2). DNA...The 5’ end cDNA fragment(ER1’) of early responsive gene(ER1) of rice(Oryza sativa L. subsp. japonica No.4) induced by blast fungus M. grisea has been isolated and sequenced (606 bp) by 5’RACE technique(Fig. 2). DNA sequence analysis showed that ER1’ (606 bp) can encode 134 amino acids and there are 309 bp nucleotides located at the 3’ end of the untranslated region of mRNA of ER1 gene(Fig. 3). The 89 bp overlapping fragment was found between the 5’ end of ER1 cDNA fragment and the 3’ end of ER1’(Fig. 3). The partial identities of amino acid sequence deduced from ER1’ with an unknown protein(gene accession number AC002409) of Arabidopsis thaliana was 82%(Fig. 4).展开更多
Powdery mildew, caused by Erysiphe pisi D.C., is a major constraint to pea production worldwide. The pea cultivar Xucai 1 has shown high resistance to E. pisi under greenhouse and field conditions. The objectives of t...Powdery mildew, caused by Erysiphe pisi D.C., is a major constraint to pea production worldwide. The pea cultivar Xucai 1 has shown high resistance to E. pisi under greenhouse and field conditions. The objectives of this study were to identify and characterize genes conferring resistance to powdery mildew in Xucai 1. Three crosses, Qizhen 76 × Xucai 1,Bawan 6 × Xucai 1, and Xucai 1 × Bawan 6, were made to generate populations for genetic analysis. The resistance to E. pisi and segregation ratios in the F_1, F_2, and F_(2:3)populations suggested a single recessive gene conferring the resistance of Xucai 1. Bulked segregant analysis was used to map the resistance gene using two F2 populations. The resistance gene was close to markers AD60 and c5 DNAmet on linkage group VI with genetic distances of9.9 c M and 15.4 c M in the Xucai 1 × Bawan 6 F_2 population and 8.7 c M and 8.1 c M in the Qizhen 76 × Xucai 1 F_2 population, respectively, suggesting that the resistance gene was an er1 allele. This hypothesis was confirmed by comparison of the c DNA sequences of the Ps MLO1 gene between the parents and the Ps MLO1 wild type. Three distinct types of transcripts in Xucai 1, characterized by a 129-bp deletion and 155- and 220-bp insertions,were detected, consistent with the structure of the er1-2 allele. We concluded that resistance in Xucai 1 was conferred by er1-2 and that its linked markers will be useful in pea breeding programs.展开更多
Powdery mildew, caused by Erysiphe pisi D.C., is an important disease of pea(Pisum sativum L.).The use of cultivars carrying powdery mildew resistance alleles at the er1 locus is the most effective and economical mean...Powdery mildew, caused by Erysiphe pisi D.C., is an important disease of pea(Pisum sativum L.).The use of cultivars carrying powdery mildew resistance alleles at the er1 locus is the most effective and economical means of controlling this disease. The objectives of this study were to screen Chinese elite pea cultivars for resistance to E. pisi and to identify the responsible gene at the er1 locus. Among the 37 pea cultivars tested, three(Yunwan 8, Yunwan 21, and Yunwan 23) were immune to E. pisi infection in phenotypic evaluations. The full-length cD NA sequences of the er1 candidate gene, PsM LO1, from the three resistant cultivars and control plants were analyzed. Comparison of the cD NA sequences of 10 clones revealed differences among the powdery mildew-resistant cultivars, susceptible controls, and wild-type cultivar Sprinter. The observed resistance in Yunwan 8 plants resulted from a point mutation(C → G) at position 680 of PsM LO1 that introduced a stop codon, leading to premature termination of protein synthesis. The responsible resistance allele was identified as er1–1. Powdery mildew resistance in Yunwan 21 and Yunwan 23 plants was caused by identical insertions or deletions in PsM LO1. Three distinct PsM LO1 transcripts were observed in Yunwan 21 and Yunwan 23 plants. These transcripts were characterized by a129-bp deletion and 155- and 220-bp insertions, respectively. The responsible resistance allele was identified as er1–2. We have characterized two important er1 alleles in three E. pisi-resistant pea cultivars bred in Yunnan Province, China. These cultivars represent important genetic resources for the breeding of powdery mildew-resistant pea cultivars.展开更多
The evolution of nitenpyram resistance has been confirmed to be related to overexpression of two key metabolic enzyme genes, CYP6ER1 and CarE1, in Nilaparvata lugens, a highly destructive rice pest that causes substan...The evolution of nitenpyram resistance has been confirmed to be related to overexpression of two key metabolic enzyme genes, CYP6ER1 and CarE1, in Nilaparvata lugens, a highly destructive rice pest that causes substantial economic losses and has developed insecticide resistance. As microRNAs (miRNAs) are important post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression, whether they are involved in nitenpyram resistance is poorly understood in N. lugens. In this study, knockdown of key genes in the miRNA biogenesis pathway (Dicer1, Drosha, and Argonaute1) changed CYP6ER1 and CarE1 abundance, which confirmed the importance of miRNAs in nitenpyram resistance. Furthermore, global screening of miRNAs associated with nitenpyram resistance in N. lugens was performed, and a total of 42 known and 178 novel miRNAs were identified;of these, 57 were differentially expressed between the susceptible and resistant strains, and two (novel_85 and novel_191) were predicted to target CYP6ER1 and CarE1, respectively. Luciferase reporter assays demonstrated that novel_85 and novel_191 bind to the CYP6ER1 and CarE1 coding regions, respectively, and downregulate their expression. Moreover, modulating novel_85 and novel_191 expression by injection of miRNA inhibitors and mimics significantly altered N. lugens nitenpyram susceptibility. This is the first study to systematically screen and identify miRNAs associated with N. lugens nitenpyram resistance, and provides important information that can be used to develop new miRNA-based targets in insecticide resistance management.展开更多
A temperature-induced spin reorientation transition between Г4 (Gx, Ay, Fz) and Г2 (Fx, Cy, Gz) has been studied in the family of Er1–xYxFeO3 (x = 0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1) single crystals. By doping non...A temperature-induced spin reorientation transition between Г4 (Gx, Ay, Fz) and Г2 (Fx, Cy, Gz) has been studied in the family of Er1–xYxFeO3 (x = 0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1) single crystals. By doping nonmagnetic Y3+, we tuned the spin reorientation temperature to low temperature with increasing x. Moreover, the typical compensation point and spin flip transition of ErFeO3 also decreases with doping, and disappears above x = 0.75. We also report the Rietveld refinements and Raman spectroscopy of Er1–xYxFeO3, where some Raman peaks are shifted to low frequency with increasing doping. Our results shed light on the understanding of the interaction between two magnetic sub-lattices of rare earth (R3+) and iron (Fe3+) ions, and will also contribute to the materials design and potential applications.展开更多
文摘The 5’ end cDNA fragment(ER1’) of early responsive gene(ER1) of rice(Oryza sativa L. subsp. japonica No.4) induced by blast fungus M. grisea has been isolated and sequenced (606 bp) by 5’RACE technique(Fig. 2). DNA sequence analysis showed that ER1’ (606 bp) can encode 134 amino acids and there are 309 bp nucleotides located at the 3’ end of the untranslated region of mRNA of ER1 gene(Fig. 3). The 89 bp overlapping fragment was found between the 5’ end of ER1 cDNA fragment and the 3’ end of ER1’(Fig. 3). The partial identities of amino acid sequence deduced from ER1’ with an unknown protein(gene accession number AC002409) of Arabidopsis thaliana was 82%(Fig. 4).
基金supported by the Modern Agro-industry Technology Research System(CARS-09)the Crop Germplasm Conservation and Utilization Program(2014NWB030-14)from the Ministry of Agriculture of Chinathe Scientific Innovation Program of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences
文摘Powdery mildew, caused by Erysiphe pisi D.C., is a major constraint to pea production worldwide. The pea cultivar Xucai 1 has shown high resistance to E. pisi under greenhouse and field conditions. The objectives of this study were to identify and characterize genes conferring resistance to powdery mildew in Xucai 1. Three crosses, Qizhen 76 × Xucai 1,Bawan 6 × Xucai 1, and Xucai 1 × Bawan 6, were made to generate populations for genetic analysis. The resistance to E. pisi and segregation ratios in the F_1, F_2, and F_(2:3)populations suggested a single recessive gene conferring the resistance of Xucai 1. Bulked segregant analysis was used to map the resistance gene using two F2 populations. The resistance gene was close to markers AD60 and c5 DNAmet on linkage group VI with genetic distances of9.9 c M and 15.4 c M in the Xucai 1 × Bawan 6 F_2 population and 8.7 c M and 8.1 c M in the Qizhen 76 × Xucai 1 F_2 population, respectively, suggesting that the resistance gene was an er1 allele. This hypothesis was confirmed by comparison of the c DNA sequences of the Ps MLO1 gene between the parents and the Ps MLO1 wild type. Three distinct types of transcripts in Xucai 1, characterized by a 129-bp deletion and 155- and 220-bp insertions,were detected, consistent with the structure of the er1-2 allele. We concluded that resistance in Xucai 1 was conferred by er1-2 and that its linked markers will be useful in pea breeding programs.
基金supported by the China Agriculture Research System (CARS-09)the Agricultural Science and Technology Program for Innovation Team on Identification and Excavation of Elite Crop Germplasm from Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS)+1 种基金the Special Fund for Agro-scientific Research in the Public Interest (1610092015002-01) from the Institute of Crop Science, CAASthe Fund (2013BB010) from Science and Technology Department of Yunnan Province
文摘Powdery mildew, caused by Erysiphe pisi D.C., is an important disease of pea(Pisum sativum L.).The use of cultivars carrying powdery mildew resistance alleles at the er1 locus is the most effective and economical means of controlling this disease. The objectives of this study were to screen Chinese elite pea cultivars for resistance to E. pisi and to identify the responsible gene at the er1 locus. Among the 37 pea cultivars tested, three(Yunwan 8, Yunwan 21, and Yunwan 23) were immune to E. pisi infection in phenotypic evaluations. The full-length cD NA sequences of the er1 candidate gene, PsM LO1, from the three resistant cultivars and control plants were analyzed. Comparison of the cD NA sequences of 10 clones revealed differences among the powdery mildew-resistant cultivars, susceptible controls, and wild-type cultivar Sprinter. The observed resistance in Yunwan 8 plants resulted from a point mutation(C → G) at position 680 of PsM LO1 that introduced a stop codon, leading to premature termination of protein synthesis. The responsible resistance allele was identified as er1–1. Powdery mildew resistance in Yunwan 21 and Yunwan 23 plants was caused by identical insertions or deletions in PsM LO1. Three distinct PsM LO1 transcripts were observed in Yunwan 21 and Yunwan 23 plants. These transcripts were characterized by a129-bp deletion and 155- and 220-bp insertions, respectively. The responsible resistance allele was identified as er1–2. We have characterized two important er1 alleles in three E. pisi-resistant pea cultivars bred in Yunnan Province, China. These cultivars represent important genetic resources for the breeding of powdery mildew-resistant pea cultivars.
基金This study was supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31871989).
文摘The evolution of nitenpyram resistance has been confirmed to be related to overexpression of two key metabolic enzyme genes, CYP6ER1 and CarE1, in Nilaparvata lugens, a highly destructive rice pest that causes substantial economic losses and has developed insecticide resistance. As microRNAs (miRNAs) are important post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression, whether they are involved in nitenpyram resistance is poorly understood in N. lugens. In this study, knockdown of key genes in the miRNA biogenesis pathway (Dicer1, Drosha, and Argonaute1) changed CYP6ER1 and CarE1 abundance, which confirmed the importance of miRNAs in nitenpyram resistance. Furthermore, global screening of miRNAs associated with nitenpyram resistance in N. lugens was performed, and a total of 42 known and 178 novel miRNAs were identified;of these, 57 were differentially expressed between the susceptible and resistant strains, and two (novel_85 and novel_191) were predicted to target CYP6ER1 and CarE1, respectively. Luciferase reporter assays demonstrated that novel_85 and novel_191 bind to the CYP6ER1 and CarE1 coding regions, respectively, and downregulate their expression. Moreover, modulating novel_85 and novel_191 expression by injection of miRNA inhibitors and mimics significantly altered N. lugens nitenpyram susceptibility. This is the first study to systematically screen and identify miRNAs associated with N. lugens nitenpyram resistance, and provides important information that can be used to develop new miRNA-based targets in insecticide resistance management.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC, GrantNos. 11774217, 51372149, and 11574194)the Research Grant (No. 16DZ2260600) from Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai unicipality.
文摘A temperature-induced spin reorientation transition between Г4 (Gx, Ay, Fz) and Г2 (Fx, Cy, Gz) has been studied in the family of Er1–xYxFeO3 (x = 0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1) single crystals. By doping nonmagnetic Y3+, we tuned the spin reorientation temperature to low temperature with increasing x. Moreover, the typical compensation point and spin flip transition of ErFeO3 also decreases with doping, and disappears above x = 0.75. We also report the Rietveld refinements and Raman spectroscopy of Er1–xYxFeO3, where some Raman peaks are shifted to low frequency with increasing doping. Our results shed light on the understanding of the interaction between two magnetic sub-lattices of rare earth (R3+) and iron (Fe3+) ions, and will also contribute to the materials design and potential applications.
