为探究不同情景下土地利用变化对生态系统服务的影响,以长江中游城市群为例,基于斑块生成土地利用变化模拟(patch-generating land use simulation,PLUS)模型模拟了2030年4种情景下的土地利用格局;同时采用生态系统服务与权衡综合评估(i...为探究不同情景下土地利用变化对生态系统服务的影响,以长江中游城市群为例,基于斑块生成土地利用变化模拟(patch-generating land use simulation,PLUS)模型模拟了2030年4种情景下的土地利用格局;同时采用生态系统服务与权衡综合评估(integrated valuation of ecosystem services and tradeoffs,InVEST)模型,评估了该区域现状及未来碳储存、生境质量、产水量与土壤保持4项关键服务的时空变化。结果表明,生态系统服务呈现明显空间异质性,不同生态系统服务功能空间分布随着时间变化基本不变;多情景对比显示,仅生态保护情景可实现碳储存与生境质量的提升,其余情景中产水量虽普遍增加,却伴随碳储存与生境质量下降,而土壤保持在各情景中波动较小;土地利用变化是影响生态系统服务的关键因素,在不同情景模拟下生态系统服务呈现不同变化。研究表明,科学的土地配置是统筹城市发展与生态保护的重要途径。展开更多
The legacy of United States cluster munition use in Laos and Cambodia during the Second Indochina War is residual bomblets that unexpectedly detonate years later, killing and injuring children, farmers, and other civi...The legacy of United States cluster munition use in Laos and Cambodia during the Second Indochina War is residual bomblets that unexpectedly detonate years later, killing and injuring children, farmers, and other civilians. Cluster munitions release dozens of smaller bomblets that rain deadly ammunition on troops, armored tanks, and vegetation, effectively striking broad sections of war zone landscapes in one launch. While many bomblets detonate immediately, others fail to detonate and can lie dormant on the ground for years. The primary objectives of this study were to document the long-term consequences and impacts of the US Air Force bombing of Laos and Cambodia during the Second Indochina War (1959 to 1973). The historical lessons learned by United States should be shared with Russia and Ukraine governments and military. These countries need to discontinue the use of cluster bombs to prevent additional people living along the Russia-Ukraine border from having to live and die with the consequences of unexploded ordnance, including cluster bombs, for the next century.展开更多
文摘为探究不同情景下土地利用变化对生态系统服务的影响,以长江中游城市群为例,基于斑块生成土地利用变化模拟(patch-generating land use simulation,PLUS)模型模拟了2030年4种情景下的土地利用格局;同时采用生态系统服务与权衡综合评估(integrated valuation of ecosystem services and tradeoffs,InVEST)模型,评估了该区域现状及未来碳储存、生境质量、产水量与土壤保持4项关键服务的时空变化。结果表明,生态系统服务呈现明显空间异质性,不同生态系统服务功能空间分布随着时间变化基本不变;多情景对比显示,仅生态保护情景可实现碳储存与生境质量的提升,其余情景中产水量虽普遍增加,却伴随碳储存与生境质量下降,而土壤保持在各情景中波动较小;土地利用变化是影响生态系统服务的关键因素,在不同情景模拟下生态系统服务呈现不同变化。研究表明,科学的土地配置是统筹城市发展与生态保护的重要途径。
文摘The legacy of United States cluster munition use in Laos and Cambodia during the Second Indochina War is residual bomblets that unexpectedly detonate years later, killing and injuring children, farmers, and other civilians. Cluster munitions release dozens of smaller bomblets that rain deadly ammunition on troops, armored tanks, and vegetation, effectively striking broad sections of war zone landscapes in one launch. While many bomblets detonate immediately, others fail to detonate and can lie dormant on the ground for years. The primary objectives of this study were to document the long-term consequences and impacts of the US Air Force bombing of Laos and Cambodia during the Second Indochina War (1959 to 1973). The historical lessons learned by United States should be shared with Russia and Ukraine governments and military. These countries need to discontinue the use of cluster bombs to prevent additional people living along the Russia-Ukraine border from having to live and die with the consequences of unexploded ordnance, including cluster bombs, for the next century.
