Translations contribute to our knowledge and understanding in various fields of daily life, as they open us to a greater awareness of the world in which we live. The deeper we are delved into the meaning of the transl...Translations contribute to our knowledge and understanding in various fields of daily life, as they open us to a greater awareness of the world in which we live. The deeper we are delved into the meaning of the translation, the more questions are raised, among which, translatable/untranslatable argument strikes the most. In this article, factors including cultural vocabulary vacancy and different image associations leading to temporary untranslatability are presented. Besides, the strategies to change this situation to relatively translatable are given as well.展开更多
AIM To evaluate whether non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs(NSAIDs)-induced gastropathy is a clinically predictive model of referred visceral hypersensitivity.METHODS Gastric ulcer pain was induced by the oral admin...AIM To evaluate whether non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs(NSAIDs)-induced gastropathy is a clinically predictive model of referred visceral hypersensitivity.METHODS Gastric ulcer pain was induced by the oral administration of indomethacin to male,CD1 mice(n = 10/group) and then assessed by measuring referred abdominal hypersensitivity to tactile application. A diverse range of pharmacological mechanisms contributing to the pain were subsequently investigated. These mechanisms included: transient receptor potential(TRP),sodium and acid-sensing ion channels(ASICs) as well as opioid receptors and guanylate cyclase C(GC-C). RESULTS Results showed that two opioids and a GC-C agonist,morphine,asimadoline and linaclotide,respectively,the TRP antagonists,AMG9810 and HC-030031 and the sodium channel blocker,carbamazepine,elicited a dose-and/or time-dependent attenuation of referred visceral hypersensitivity,while the ASIC blocker,amiloride,was ineffective at all doses tested. CONCLUSION Together,these findings implicate opioid receptors,GC-C,and sodium and TRP channel activation as possible mechanisms associated with visceral hypersensitivity. More importantly,these findings also validate NSAID-induced gastropathy as a sensitive and clinically predictive mouse model suitable for assessing novel molecules with potential pain-attenuating properties.展开更多
Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) is increasingly recognized worldwide as a valuable complementary and alternative medicine. To facilitate global research and collaboration in this field, the World Health Organization...Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) is increasingly recognized worldwide as a valuable complementary and alternative medicine. To facilitate global research and collaboration in this field, the World Health Organization(WHO) introduced the International Standard Terminologies on Traditional Chinese Medicine in 2022. This international terminology translation standard, IST 2022, goes beyond conventional translation by embracing three innovative features: 1) It reflects TCM's foundational philosophy of unity and opposition, emphasizing the interconnectedness among TCM terms during translation. This approach transcends individual term translations to explore the interrelationships among them. 2) It preserves the integrity of TCM theory by retaining transliterations for unique TCM terms that possess distinct features. 3) It employs innovative xiang(image) cognition, a concept rooted in traditional Chinese thought by helping readers grasp visual and mental imagery associated with each term. This study presents a qualitative analysis based on interviews with 11 TCM translation experts, examining their perspectives on these features and their translational preferences across the IST 2007 and 2022 versions. These findings contribute to the standardization and global harmonization of TCM terminology, advocating for clarity, precision, and the advancement of TCM in the international healthcare arena.展开更多
Edge structures are ubiquitous in the processing and fabrication of various optoelectronic devices.Novel physical properties and enhanced light–matter interactions are anticipated to occur at crystal edges due to the...Edge structures are ubiquitous in the processing and fabrication of various optoelectronic devices.Novel physical properties and enhanced light–matter interactions are anticipated to occur at crystal edges due to the broken spatial translational symmetry.However,the intensity of first-order Raman scattering at crystal edges has been rarely explored,although the mechanical stress and edge characteristics have been thoroughly studied by the Raman peak shift and the spectral features of the edge-related Raman modes.Here,by taking Ga As crystal with a well-defined edge as an example,we reveal the intensity enhancement of Raman-active modes and the emergence of Raman-forbidden modes under specific polarization configurations at the edge.This is attributed to the presence of a hot spot at the edge due to the redistributed electromagnetic fields and electromagnetic wave propagations of incident laser and Raman signal near the edge,which are confirmed by the finite-difference time-domain simulations.Spatially-resolved Raman intensities of both Raman-active and Raman-forbidden modes near the edge are calculated based on the redistributed electromagnetic fields,which quantitatively reproduce the corresponding experimental results.These findings offer new insights into the intensity enhancement of Raman scattering at crystal edges and present a new avenue to manipulate light–matter interactions of crystal by manufacturing various types of edges and to characterize the edge structures in photonic and optoelectronic devices.展开更多
Translation regulation is an important layer of gene expression:Generation of genome-wide expression datasets at multi-omics levels in spatial,temporal,and cell-type resolution is essential for deciphering brain compl...Translation regulation is an important layer of gene expression:Generation of genome-wide expression datasets at multi-omics levels in spatial,temporal,and cell-type resolution is essential for deciphering brain complexity.Regulation of gene expression is a highly dynamic process aiming at the production of precise levels of gene products to guarantee optimal cellular function,in response to physiological cues.Speedy advances in next-generation sequencing enabled the understanding of epigenomic and transcriptomic dynamic landscapes of different brain regions along development,aging,and disease progression.However,the correlation of the“transcriptome”with protein levels is poor because numerous mRNAs are subjected to manipulation of their translation efficiency,to warrant a favorable result under certain conditions.Hence,it is widely accepted that regulation at the translation level is a vital layer of gene expression.Quantification of actively translated mRNA populations(i.e.,“translatome”)is a more reliable predictor of the“proteome”(Wang et al.,2020).展开更多
A primary hallmark of pathological cardiac hypertrophy is excess protein synthesis due to enhanced translational activity.However,regulatory mechanisms at the translational level under cardiac stress remain poorly und...A primary hallmark of pathological cardiac hypertrophy is excess protein synthesis due to enhanced translational activity.However,regulatory mechanisms at the translational level under cardiac stress remain poorly understood.Here we examined the translational regulations in a mouse cardiac hypertrophy model induced by transaortic constriction(TAC)and explored the conservative networks versus the translatome pattern in human dilated cardiomyopathy(DCM).The results showed that the heart weight to body weight ratio was significantly elevated,and the ejection fraction and fractional shortening significantly decreased 8 weeks after TAC.Puromycin incorporation assay showed that TAC significantly increased protein synthesis rate in the left ventricle.RNAseq revealed 1,632 differentially expressed genes showing functional enrichment in pathways including extracellular matrix remodeling,metabolic processes,and signaling cascades associated with pathological cardiomyocyte growth.When combined with ribosome profiling analysis,we revealed that translation efficiency(TE)of 1,495 genes was enhanced,while the TE of 933 genes was inhibited following TAC.In DCM patients,1,354 genes were upregulated versus 1,213 genes were downregulated at the translation level.Although the majority of the genes were not shared between mouse and human,we identified 93 genes,including Nos3,Kcnj8,Adcy4,Itpr1,Fasn,Scd1,etc.,with highly conserved translational regulations.These genes were remarkably associated with myocardial function,signal transduction,and energy metabolism,particularly related to cGMP-PKG signaling and fatty acid metabolism.Motif analysis revealed enriched regulatory elements in the 5′untranslated regions(5′UTRs)of transcripts with differential TE,which exhibited strong cross-species sequence conservation.Our study revealed novel regulatory mechanisms at the translational level in cardiac hypertrophy and identified conserved translation-sensitive targets with potential applications to treat cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure in the clinic.展开更多
The second near-infrared window(NIR-II,900-1880 nm)overcomes critical limitations of visible(360-760 nm)and NIR-I(760-900 nm)imaging—including restricted penetration depth,low signal-to-back⁃ground ratio,and tissue a...The second near-infrared window(NIR-II,900-1880 nm)overcomes critical limitations of visible(360-760 nm)and NIR-I(760-900 nm)imaging—including restricted penetration depth,low signal-to-back⁃ground ratio,and tissue autofluorescence—establishing its pivotal role for in vivo deep-tissue bioimaging.With exponential growth in NIR-II photodiagnosis and phototherapy research over the past decade,bibliometric analy⁃sis is essential to map the evolving landscape and guide strategic priorities.We systematically analyzed 2,491 NIR-II-related publications(2009-2023)from the Web of Science Core Collection,employing scientometric tools for distinct analytical purposes:(a)VOSviewer,SCImago Graphica,and Gephi for co-authorship and co-occur⁃rence network mapping;(b)the R bibliometrix package for tracking field evolution and identifying high-impact publications/journals.The search retrieved 2491 studies from 359 journals originating from 54 countries.The country with the most published articles is China.Chinese institutions drive>60%of publications,with Stanford University(USA)and Nanyang Technological University(Singapore)ranked as the top two institutions by re⁃search quality.International cooperation is becoming increasingly frequent.Fan Quli,Tang Benzhong and Dai Hongjie are the top 3 productive authors in this field.Keyword evolution identifies"photodynamic therapy"and"immunotherapy"as pivotal future directions.We summarize the most cited literatures and NIR-II imaging clini⁃cal trials.This study delineates the NIR-II research trajectory,highlighting China's leadership,intensifying glob⁃al collaboration,and interdisciplinary convergence.Future efforts should prioritize the novel NIR-II probe devel⁃opment for NIR-II imaging and clinical translation of photodynamic/immunotherapy combinational platforms.展开更多
This paper takes Chinese red culture resources as its research subject and focuses on evaluating the Chinese-English translation quality of three major AI platforms:ChatGPT-4.0,ERNIE Bot,and DeepSeek.Through automatic...This paper takes Chinese red culture resources as its research subject and focuses on evaluating the Chinese-English translation quality of three major AI platforms:ChatGPT-4.0,ERNIE Bot,and DeepSeek.Through automatic quantitative evaluation,it systematically analyzes their performance in translating red culture texts.The study selects a diverse range of corpora,including historical documents,red classic texts,and culturally loaded terms.Three automatic evaluation metrics—GLEU,METEOR,and COMET—are employed for a comprehensive assessment.展开更多
This paper examines the translation of imagery metaphors in Qu Yuan’s Li Sao using an Embodied-Cognitive Translatology(ECT)approach.It investigates how the poem’s intricate metaphors,such as orchid(lan),pepper and c...This paper examines the translation of imagery metaphors in Qu Yuan’s Li Sao using an Embodied-Cognitive Translatology(ECT)approach.It investigates how the poem’s intricate metaphors,such as orchid(lan),pepper and cassia(jiao and jun’gui),and crescent eyebrows(emei),are translated into English while maintaining their cultural,emotional,and philosophical depth.The study explores the challenges translators face when rendering these culturally specific metaphors,and it identifies strategies such as literal translation,adaptation,substitution,and paraphrasing used by translators to preserve the metaphors’essence.Drawing on the principles of ECT,the paper examines how metaphors function not just as linguistic elements but as cognitive symbols embedded in cultural contexts,reflecting the translator’s cognitive processes.The research highlights the importance of aligning the translation process with the cognitive and emotional resonance of the original text,thus ensuring the metaphor’s full meaning is conveyed.This paper also discusses the broader implications of translating metaphors from ancient Chinese literature,offering insights into the complexities of cross-cultural translation.It concludes with suggestions for future research in translating classical Chinese works,focusing on improving the preservation of metaphorical and cultural integrity.展开更多
The translation of ancient Chinese cultural artifacts terminology in museums plays a pivotal role in facilitating cross-cultural communication and preserving cultural heritage in the context of globalization.Through f...The translation of ancient Chinese cultural artifacts terminology in museums plays a pivotal role in facilitating cross-cultural communication and preserving cultural heritage in the context of globalization.Through field research in over ten Chinese museums and analysis of more than 800 terms,this paper explores the most effective translation methods for such terminology,focusing on transliteration and literal translation under the strategy of foreignization as well as liberal translation and imitation under the domesticating strategy.Standardized terminology not only prevents ambiguities but also bridges cultural gaps by preserving phonetic authenticity while contextualizing functionality.By refining translation practices,museums can better fulfill their mission as bridges between cultures,promoting global appreciation of China’s rich historical and artistic legacy.展开更多
This study aims to explore the potential and limitations of ChatGPT in translation,focusing on its application in Neural Machine Translation(NMT).By combining theoretical analysis with empirical research,the study eva...This study aims to explore the potential and limitations of ChatGPT in translation,focusing on its application in Neural Machine Translation(NMT).By combining theoretical analysis with empirical research,the study evaluates ChatGPT’s strengths and weaknesses.It reveals ChatGPT’s superior performance in handling technical documents with high translation quality and efficiency.However,its limitations become evident in addressing cultural nuances and emotional expressions,where semantic deviation or cultural loss often occurs.Moreover,ChatGPT struggles with creative translation,failing to convey the artistic style and emotional depth of original texts,such as literary works and advertisements.The study proposes optimized paths for human-machine collaboration,emphasizing the crucial role of human translators in cultural adaptation and quality assurance.It suggests incorporating multimodal data,dynamic feedback mechanisms,and pragmatic reasoning techniques to enhance machine translation capabilities.The findings conclude that while ChatGPT serves as an efficient translation tool,complex tasks require human-machine synergy to achieve high-quality cross-cultural communication.展开更多
To promote the global dissemination of Chinese culture,the translation of Chinese classic literature has garnered widespread attention in the translation field.Literary translation criticism plays an essential role in...To promote the global dissemination of Chinese culture,the translation of Chinese classic literature has garnered widespread attention in the translation field.Literary translation criticism plays an essential role in the development of translation endeavors.This paper will analyze three versions of English translations of Shen Congwen’s novella Border Town using Reiss’s translation criticism model and summarize their performance in terms of formal equivalence and aesthetic effect,linguistic components,and extra-linguistic components.展开更多
Neural machine translation(NMT)has been widely applied to high-resource language pairs,but its dependence on large-scale data results in poor performance in low-resource scenarios.In this paper,we propose a transfer-l...Neural machine translation(NMT)has been widely applied to high-resource language pairs,but its dependence on large-scale data results in poor performance in low-resource scenarios.In this paper,we propose a transfer-learning-based approach called shared space transfer for zero-resource NMT.Our method leverages a pivot pre-trained language model(PLM)to create a shared representation space,which is used in both auxiliary source→pivot(Ms2p)and(Mp2t)translation models.Specifically,we exploit pivot PLM to initialize the Ms2p decoder pivot→targetand Mp2t encoder,while adopting a freezing strategy during the training process.We further propose a feature converter to mitigate representation space deviations by converting the features from the source encoder into the shared representation space.The converter is trained using the synthetic parallel corpus.The final Ms2t model source→targetcombines the Ms2p encoder,feature converter,and Mp2t decoder.We conduct simulation experiments using English as the pivot language for and translations.We finally test our method German→French,German→Czech,Turkish→Hindion a real zero-resource language pair,with Chinese as the pivot language.Experiment results Mongolian→Vietnameseshow that our method achieves high translation quality,with better Translation Error Rate(TER)and BLEU scores compared with other pivot-based methods.The step-wise pre-training with our feature converter outperforms baseline models in terms of COMET scores.展开更多
This paper examines the Chinese terminology in 2024 Government Work Report and conducts a comparative analysis of its translation into English and Japanese.The study explores the challenges and strategies involved in ...This paper examines the Chinese terminology in 2024 Government Work Report and conducts a comparative analysis of its translation into English and Japanese.The study explores the challenges and strategies involved in translating these terms,taking into account differences in vocabulary,grammatical structure,and cultural context between the two languages.The findings reveal that the same term may be translated differently into English and Japanese due to the distinct linguistic and cultural characteristics of each language.The research emphasizes that understanding and respecting the unique features of each language and culture are essential for accurately conveying the meaning of Chinese terms.This is crucial for enhancing the international influence of Chinese discourse and promoting cross-cultural communication.展开更多
The complexity of idioms poses challenges to online translation.From the perspective of online translation,this study conducts an in-depth exploration of idiom translation strategies by taking Xi Jinping:The Governanc...The complexity of idioms poses challenges to online translation.From the perspective of online translation,this study conducts an in-depth exploration of idiom translation strategies by taking Xi Jinping:The Governance of China(Volume IV)as the research object and extracts 649 idioms from this work,conducting 1,947 translation queries on three major platforms.It helps to reveal the strategic differences and effectiveness of online translation in handling idioms and emphasizes the importance of cultural adaptability in translation practice,which provides theoretical support and practical guidance for optimizing online translation technology and improving the quality of idiom translation into English.展开更多
文摘Translations contribute to our knowledge and understanding in various fields of daily life, as they open us to a greater awareness of the world in which we live. The deeper we are delved into the meaning of the translation, the more questions are raised, among which, translatable/untranslatable argument strikes the most. In this article, factors including cultural vocabulary vacancy and different image associations leading to temporary untranslatability are presented. Besides, the strategies to change this situation to relatively translatable are given as well.
文摘AIM To evaluate whether non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs(NSAIDs)-induced gastropathy is a clinically predictive model of referred visceral hypersensitivity.METHODS Gastric ulcer pain was induced by the oral administration of indomethacin to male,CD1 mice(n = 10/group) and then assessed by measuring referred abdominal hypersensitivity to tactile application. A diverse range of pharmacological mechanisms contributing to the pain were subsequently investigated. These mechanisms included: transient receptor potential(TRP),sodium and acid-sensing ion channels(ASICs) as well as opioid receptors and guanylate cyclase C(GC-C). RESULTS Results showed that two opioids and a GC-C agonist,morphine,asimadoline and linaclotide,respectively,the TRP antagonists,AMG9810 and HC-030031 and the sodium channel blocker,carbamazepine,elicited a dose-and/or time-dependent attenuation of referred visceral hypersensitivity,while the ASIC blocker,amiloride,was ineffective at all doses tested. CONCLUSION Together,these findings implicate opioid receptors,GC-C,and sodium and TRP channel activation as possible mechanisms associated with visceral hypersensitivity. More importantly,these findings also validate NSAID-induced gastropathy as a sensitive and clinically predictive mouse model suitable for assessing novel molecules with potential pain-attenuating properties.
基金financed by the grants from the Research Program of Sichuan TCM Culture Coordinated Development Research Center (No. 2021XT31)National Traditional Chinese Medicine Examination Research Project (No. TC2023019)National Innovation & Entrepreneurship Training Program for College Students (No. 202210633008X)。
文摘Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) is increasingly recognized worldwide as a valuable complementary and alternative medicine. To facilitate global research and collaboration in this field, the World Health Organization(WHO) introduced the International Standard Terminologies on Traditional Chinese Medicine in 2022. This international terminology translation standard, IST 2022, goes beyond conventional translation by embracing three innovative features: 1) It reflects TCM's foundational philosophy of unity and opposition, emphasizing the interconnectedness among TCM terms during translation. This approach transcends individual term translations to explore the interrelationships among them. 2) It preserves the integrity of TCM theory by retaining transliterations for unique TCM terms that possess distinct features. 3) It employs innovative xiang(image) cognition, a concept rooted in traditional Chinese thought by helping readers grasp visual and mental imagery associated with each term. This study presents a qualitative analysis based on interviews with 11 TCM translation experts, examining their perspectives on these features and their translational preferences across the IST 2007 and 2022 versions. These findings contribute to the standardization and global harmonization of TCM terminology, advocating for clarity, precision, and the advancement of TCM in the international healthcare arena.
基金Project supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2023YFA1407000)the Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.XDB0460000)+4 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12322401,12127807,and 12393832)CAS Key Research Program of Frontier Sciences(Grant No.ZDBS-LY-SLH004)Beijing Nova Program(Grant No.20230484301)Youth Innovation Promotion Association,Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.2023125)CAS Project for Young Scientists in Basic Research(Grant No.YSBR-026)。
文摘Edge structures are ubiquitous in the processing and fabrication of various optoelectronic devices.Novel physical properties and enhanced light–matter interactions are anticipated to occur at crystal edges due to the broken spatial translational symmetry.However,the intensity of first-order Raman scattering at crystal edges has been rarely explored,although the mechanical stress and edge characteristics have been thoroughly studied by the Raman peak shift and the spectral features of the edge-related Raman modes.Here,by taking Ga As crystal with a well-defined edge as an example,we reveal the intensity enhancement of Raman-active modes and the emergence of Raman-forbidden modes under specific polarization configurations at the edge.This is attributed to the presence of a hot spot at the edge due to the redistributed electromagnetic fields and electromagnetic wave propagations of incident laser and Raman signal near the edge,which are confirmed by the finite-difference time-domain simulations.Spatially-resolved Raman intensities of both Raman-active and Raman-forbidden modes near the edge are calculated based on the redistributed electromagnetic fields,which quantitatively reproduce the corresponding experimental results.These findings offer new insights into the intensity enhancement of Raman scattering at crystal edges and present a new avenue to manipulate light–matter interactions of crystal by manufacturing various types of edges and to characterize the edge structures in photonic and optoelectronic devices.
基金funded by the Israel Science Foundation(grants No.1036/12 and 1228/20)(to OES).
文摘Translation regulation is an important layer of gene expression:Generation of genome-wide expression datasets at multi-omics levels in spatial,temporal,and cell-type resolution is essential for deciphering brain complexity.Regulation of gene expression is a highly dynamic process aiming at the production of precise levels of gene products to guarantee optimal cellular function,in response to physiological cues.Speedy advances in next-generation sequencing enabled the understanding of epigenomic and transcriptomic dynamic landscapes of different brain regions along development,aging,and disease progression.However,the correlation of the“transcriptome”with protein levels is poor because numerous mRNAs are subjected to manipulation of their translation efficiency,to warrant a favorable result under certain conditions.Hence,it is widely accepted that regulation at the translation level is a vital layer of gene expression.Quantification of actively translated mRNA populations(i.e.,“translatome”)is a more reliable predictor of the“proteome”(Wang et al.,2020).
基金supported by grants from National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82370392)Shenzhen Medical Research Fund(No.B2302026)+4 种基金Science,Technology and Innovation Commission of Shenzhen Municipality(No.RCJC20210706091947009)National Key R&D Program of China(No.2022YFA1104500)CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences(No.2023-I2M-1-003 and 2022-I2M-2-001)Non-profit Central Research Institute Fund of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences(No.2019PT320026)National High Level Hospital Clinical Research Funding(No.2022-GSP-GG-7)。
文摘A primary hallmark of pathological cardiac hypertrophy is excess protein synthesis due to enhanced translational activity.However,regulatory mechanisms at the translational level under cardiac stress remain poorly understood.Here we examined the translational regulations in a mouse cardiac hypertrophy model induced by transaortic constriction(TAC)and explored the conservative networks versus the translatome pattern in human dilated cardiomyopathy(DCM).The results showed that the heart weight to body weight ratio was significantly elevated,and the ejection fraction and fractional shortening significantly decreased 8 weeks after TAC.Puromycin incorporation assay showed that TAC significantly increased protein synthesis rate in the left ventricle.RNAseq revealed 1,632 differentially expressed genes showing functional enrichment in pathways including extracellular matrix remodeling,metabolic processes,and signaling cascades associated with pathological cardiomyocyte growth.When combined with ribosome profiling analysis,we revealed that translation efficiency(TE)of 1,495 genes was enhanced,while the TE of 933 genes was inhibited following TAC.In DCM patients,1,354 genes were upregulated versus 1,213 genes were downregulated at the translation level.Although the majority of the genes were not shared between mouse and human,we identified 93 genes,including Nos3,Kcnj8,Adcy4,Itpr1,Fasn,Scd1,etc.,with highly conserved translational regulations.These genes were remarkably associated with myocardial function,signal transduction,and energy metabolism,particularly related to cGMP-PKG signaling and fatty acid metabolism.Motif analysis revealed enriched regulatory elements in the 5′untranslated regions(5′UTRs)of transcripts with differential TE,which exhibited strong cross-species sequence conservation.Our study revealed novel regulatory mechanisms at the translational level in cardiac hypertrophy and identified conserved translation-sensitive targets with potential applications to treat cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure in the clinic.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(81874059 and 82102105)the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province(LQ22H160017)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2021M702825).
文摘The second near-infrared window(NIR-II,900-1880 nm)overcomes critical limitations of visible(360-760 nm)and NIR-I(760-900 nm)imaging—including restricted penetration depth,low signal-to-back⁃ground ratio,and tissue autofluorescence—establishing its pivotal role for in vivo deep-tissue bioimaging.With exponential growth in NIR-II photodiagnosis and phototherapy research over the past decade,bibliometric analy⁃sis is essential to map the evolving landscape and guide strategic priorities.We systematically analyzed 2,491 NIR-II-related publications(2009-2023)from the Web of Science Core Collection,employing scientometric tools for distinct analytical purposes:(a)VOSviewer,SCImago Graphica,and Gephi for co-authorship and co-occur⁃rence network mapping;(b)the R bibliometrix package for tracking field evolution and identifying high-impact publications/journals.The search retrieved 2491 studies from 359 journals originating from 54 countries.The country with the most published articles is China.Chinese institutions drive>60%of publications,with Stanford University(USA)and Nanyang Technological University(Singapore)ranked as the top two institutions by re⁃search quality.International cooperation is becoming increasingly frequent.Fan Quli,Tang Benzhong and Dai Hongjie are the top 3 productive authors in this field.Keyword evolution identifies"photodynamic therapy"and"immunotherapy"as pivotal future directions.We summarize the most cited literatures and NIR-II imaging clini⁃cal trials.This study delineates the NIR-II research trajectory,highlighting China's leadership,intensifying glob⁃al collaboration,and interdisciplinary convergence.Future efforts should prioritize the novel NIR-II probe devel⁃opment for NIR-II imaging and clinical translation of photodynamic/immunotherapy combinational platforms.
基金Shanxi Normal University Graduate Innovation Project(2024XSY31)。
文摘This paper takes Chinese red culture resources as its research subject and focuses on evaluating the Chinese-English translation quality of three major AI platforms:ChatGPT-4.0,ERNIE Bot,and DeepSeek.Through automatic quantitative evaluation,it systematically analyzes their performance in translating red culture texts.The study selects a diverse range of corpora,including historical documents,red classic texts,and culturally loaded terms.Three automatic evaluation metrics—GLEU,METEOR,and COMET—are employed for a comprehensive assessment.
文摘This paper examines the translation of imagery metaphors in Qu Yuan’s Li Sao using an Embodied-Cognitive Translatology(ECT)approach.It investigates how the poem’s intricate metaphors,such as orchid(lan),pepper and cassia(jiao and jun’gui),and crescent eyebrows(emei),are translated into English while maintaining their cultural,emotional,and philosophical depth.The study explores the challenges translators face when rendering these culturally specific metaphors,and it identifies strategies such as literal translation,adaptation,substitution,and paraphrasing used by translators to preserve the metaphors’essence.Drawing on the principles of ECT,the paper examines how metaphors function not just as linguistic elements but as cognitive symbols embedded in cultural contexts,reflecting the translator’s cognitive processes.The research highlights the importance of aligning the translation process with the cognitive and emotional resonance of the original text,thus ensuring the metaphor’s full meaning is conveyed.This paper also discusses the broader implications of translating metaphors from ancient Chinese literature,offering insights into the complexities of cross-cultural translation.It concludes with suggestions for future research in translating classical Chinese works,focusing on improving the preservation of metaphorical and cultural integrity.
文摘The translation of ancient Chinese cultural artifacts terminology in museums plays a pivotal role in facilitating cross-cultural communication and preserving cultural heritage in the context of globalization.Through field research in over ten Chinese museums and analysis of more than 800 terms,this paper explores the most effective translation methods for such terminology,focusing on transliteration and literal translation under the strategy of foreignization as well as liberal translation and imitation under the domesticating strategy.Standardized terminology not only prevents ambiguities but also bridges cultural gaps by preserving phonetic authenticity while contextualizing functionality.By refining translation practices,museums can better fulfill their mission as bridges between cultures,promoting global appreciation of China’s rich historical and artistic legacy.
文摘This study aims to explore the potential and limitations of ChatGPT in translation,focusing on its application in Neural Machine Translation(NMT).By combining theoretical analysis with empirical research,the study evaluates ChatGPT’s strengths and weaknesses.It reveals ChatGPT’s superior performance in handling technical documents with high translation quality and efficiency.However,its limitations become evident in addressing cultural nuances and emotional expressions,where semantic deviation or cultural loss often occurs.Moreover,ChatGPT struggles with creative translation,failing to convey the artistic style and emotional depth of original texts,such as literary works and advertisements.The study proposes optimized paths for human-machine collaboration,emphasizing the crucial role of human translators in cultural adaptation and quality assurance.It suggests incorporating multimodal data,dynamic feedback mechanisms,and pragmatic reasoning techniques to enhance machine translation capabilities.The findings conclude that while ChatGPT serves as an efficient translation tool,complex tasks require human-machine synergy to achieve high-quality cross-cultural communication.
文摘To promote the global dissemination of Chinese culture,the translation of Chinese classic literature has garnered widespread attention in the translation field.Literary translation criticism plays an essential role in the development of translation endeavors.This paper will analyze three versions of English translations of Shen Congwen’s novella Border Town using Reiss’s translation criticism model and summarize their performance in terms of formal equivalence and aesthetic effect,linguistic components,and extra-linguistic components.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant number:Nos.62172341 and 12204386)Sichuan Natural Science Foundation(Grant number:No.2024NSFSC1375)+1 种基金Youth Foundation of Inner Mongolia Natural Science Foundation(Grant number:No.2024QN06017)Basic Scientific Research Business Fee Project for Universities in Inner Mongolia(Grant number:No.0406082215).
文摘Neural machine translation(NMT)has been widely applied to high-resource language pairs,but its dependence on large-scale data results in poor performance in low-resource scenarios.In this paper,we propose a transfer-learning-based approach called shared space transfer for zero-resource NMT.Our method leverages a pivot pre-trained language model(PLM)to create a shared representation space,which is used in both auxiliary source→pivot(Ms2p)and(Mp2t)translation models.Specifically,we exploit pivot PLM to initialize the Ms2p decoder pivot→targetand Mp2t encoder,while adopting a freezing strategy during the training process.We further propose a feature converter to mitigate representation space deviations by converting the features from the source encoder into the shared representation space.The converter is trained using the synthetic parallel corpus.The final Ms2t model source→targetcombines the Ms2p encoder,feature converter,and Mp2t decoder.We conduct simulation experiments using English as the pivot language for and translations.We finally test our method German→French,German→Czech,Turkish→Hindion a real zero-resource language pair,with Chinese as the pivot language.Experiment results Mongolian→Vietnameseshow that our method achieves high translation quality,with better Translation Error Rate(TER)and BLEU scores compared with other pivot-based methods.The step-wise pre-training with our feature converter outperforms baseline models in terms of COMET scores.
文摘This paper examines the Chinese terminology in 2024 Government Work Report and conducts a comparative analysis of its translation into English and Japanese.The study explores the challenges and strategies involved in translating these terms,taking into account differences in vocabulary,grammatical structure,and cultural context between the two languages.The findings reveal that the same term may be translated differently into English and Japanese due to the distinct linguistic and cultural characteristics of each language.The research emphasizes that understanding and respecting the unique features of each language and culture are essential for accurately conveying the meaning of Chinese terms.This is crucial for enhancing the international influence of Chinese discourse and promoting cross-cultural communication.
基金funded by Innovation Training Project for University Students of Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics in 2024:“Research on Strategies for English Translation of Idioms Based on Online Translation-A Case Study of Xi Jinping:The Governance of China(Volume Ⅳ)”(No.:2024CX012008).
文摘The complexity of idioms poses challenges to online translation.From the perspective of online translation,this study conducts an in-depth exploration of idiom translation strategies by taking Xi Jinping:The Governance of China(Volume IV)as the research object and extracts 649 idioms from this work,conducting 1,947 translation queries on three major platforms.It helps to reveal the strategic differences and effectiveness of online translation in handling idioms and emphasizes the importance of cultural adaptability in translation practice,which provides theoretical support and practical guidance for optimizing online translation technology and improving the quality of idiom translation into English.
