Solid-state batteries(SSBs) with high safety are promising for the energy fields,but the development has long been limited by machinability and interfacial problems.Hence,self-supporting,flexible Nano LLZO CSEs are pr...Solid-state batteries(SSBs) with high safety are promising for the energy fields,but the development has long been limited by machinability and interfacial problems.Hence,self-supporting,flexible Nano LLZO CSEs are prepared with a solvent-free method at 25℃.The 99.8 wt% contents of Nano LLZO particles enable the Nano LLZO CSEs to maintain good thermal stability while exhibiting a wide electrochemical window of 5.0 V and a high Li~+ transfer number of 0.8.The mean modulus reaches 4376 MPa.Benefiting from the interfacial modulation,the Li|Li symmetric batteries based on the Nano LLZO CSEs show benign stability with lithium at the current densities of 0.1 mA cm^(-2),0.2 mA cm^(-2),and 0.5 mA cm^(-2).In addition,the Li|LiFePO_(4)(LFP) SSBs achieve favorable cycling performance:the specific capacity reaches128.1 mAh g^(-1) at 0.5 C rate,with a capacity retention of about 80% after 600 cycles.In the further tests of the LiNi_(0.8)Co_(0.1)Mn_(0.1)O_(2)(NCM811) cathodes with higher energy density,the Nano LLZO CSEs also demonstrate good compatibility:the specific capacities of NCM811-based SSBs reach 177.9 mAh g^(-1) at 0.5 C rate,while the capacity retention is over 96% after 150 cycles.Furthermore,the Li|LFP soft-pack SSBs verify the safety characteristics and the potential for application,which have a desirable prospect.展开更多
Mordenite with different Si/Al ratios were synthesized by solvent-free method and used for dimethyl ether(DME)carbonylation reaction.The influence of Si/Al ratio in the feedstock on the structure,porosity and acid sit...Mordenite with different Si/Al ratios were synthesized by solvent-free method and used for dimethyl ether(DME)carbonylation reaction.The influence of Si/Al ratio in the feedstock on the structure,porosity and acid sites were systematically investigated.The characterization results showed that with the increase of Si/Al ratio in the feedstock,part of silicon species fail to enter the skeleton and the specific surface area and pore volume of the samples decreased.The amount of weak acid and medium strong acid decreased alongside with the increasing Si/Al ratio,and the amount of strong acid slightly increased.The Al atoms preferentially enter the strong acid sites in the 8 member ring(MR)channel during the crystallization process.The high Si/Al ratio sample had more acid sites located in the 8 MR channel,leading to more active sites for carbonylation reaction and higher catalytic performance.Appropriately increasing the Si/Al ratio was beneficial for the improvement of carbonylation reaction activity over the mordenite(MOR)catalyst.展开更多
A facile procedure for the synthesis, of quinoxalines is being reported starting from benzil and 1,2-diaminobenzene. The reactions were carried out catalyst-free, solvent-free and under microwave irradiation condition...A facile procedure for the synthesis, of quinoxalines is being reported starting from benzil and 1,2-diaminobenzene. The reactions were carried out catalyst-free, solvent-free and under microwave irradiation conditions in high yield （84-98%） with short time （3-6 min） and environmental benign, as well as convenient operation. The structures of all the compounds have been confirmed on the basis of their IR, 1H NMR, and/or 13C NMR, mass spectral data.展开更多
Full-color emissive carbon dots(CDs)hold a great promise for various applications,especially in light emitting diodes(LEDs).However,the existing synthetic routes for CDs are carried out in solutions,which suffer from ...Full-color emissive carbon dots(CDs)hold a great promise for various applications,especially in light emitting diodes(LEDs).However,the existing synthetic routes for CDs are carried out in solutions,which suffer from low yields,high pressures,various byproducts,large amounts of waste solvents,and complicated photoluminescence(PL)origins.Therefore,it is necessary to explore large scale synthesis of CDs with high quantum yield(QY)across the entire visible range from a single carbon source by a solvent-free method.In this work,a series of CDs with tunable PL emission from 442 to 621 nm,QY of 23%-56%,and production yield within 34%-72%,are obtained by heating o-phenylenediamine with the catalysis of KCl.Detailed characterizations identify that,the differences between these CDs with respect to the graphitization degree,graphitic nitrogen content,and oxygen-containing functional groups,are responsible for their distinct optical properties,which can be modulated by controlling the deamination and dehydrogenation processes during reactions.Blue,green,yellow,red emissive films,and LEDs are prepared by dispersing the corresponding CDs into polyvinyl alcohol(PVA).All types of white LEDs(WLEDs)with high colorrendering-index(CRI),including warm WLEDs,standard WLEDs,and cool WLEDs,are also fabricated by mixing the red,green,and blue emissive CDs into PVA matrix by the appropriate ratios.展开更多
Generating hollow structure inside titanium silicalite-1(TS-1)is a widely used method to improve its liquid-phase oxidation catalytic performance in industry.However,traditional dissolution-recrystallization method us...Generating hollow structure inside titanium silicalite-1(TS-1)is a widely used method to improve its liquid-phase oxidation catalytic performance in industry.However,traditional dissolution-recrystallization method usually required a large amount of aqueous solution of organic template,leading to unfavorable polluted waste,low production efficiency,and high manufacture cost.Here,a facile and environmental friendly strategy was proposed for the post-synthesis of hollow TS-1 zeolite with a solventfree method utilizing NH4HCO3 and tetrapropylammounium bromide as selective etching agents,which reduced the usage of organic template and avoided the liquid waste.The high crystallinity,the microporous structure,and the active Ti sites were preserved at a high product yield(>93%).The formation mechanism of hollow structure was also investigated by exploring effects of different reactants and experimental parameters.Meanwhile,the obtained hollow TS-1 showed an outstanding performance in the epoxidation of 1-hexene in comparison to the parent zeolite.展开更多
Rapid developments in lithium-ion battery(LIB)technology have been fueled by the expanding market for electric vehicles and increased demands for energy storage.Recently,thick electrode fabrication by solvent-free met...Rapid developments in lithium-ion battery(LIB)technology have been fueled by the expanding market for electric vehicles and increased demands for energy storage.Recently,thick electrode fabrication by solvent-free methods has emerged as a promising strategy for enhancing the energy density of LIBs.However,as electrode thickness increases,the tortuosity of lithium-ion transport also increases,resulting in severe polarization and poor electrochemical performance.Here,we investigate the effect of conductive agent morphology on the structural and electrochemical properties of 250μm thick lithium iron phosphate(LFP)/conductive agent/polytetrafluoroethylene(PTFE)-based electrodes.Three commercially available conductive additives,namely 0D Super P,1D multi-walled carbon nanotubes(MWCNTs),and 2D graphene nanoplatelets(GNPs),were incorporated into LFP-based electrodes.The MWCNT-incorporated electrode with a high loading mass(42 mg cm^(-2))exhibited a high porosity(ε=51%)and low tortuosity(τ=4.02)owing to its highly interconnected fibrous network of MWCNTs.Due to the fast lithium-ion transport kinetics in the MWCNT-incorporated electrode,the electrochemical performances exhibited a high specific capacity of 157 mAh g^(-1)at 0.1 C and an areal capacity of 7.16 mAh cm^(-2)at 0.1 C with a high-rate capability and excellent cycling stability over 300 cycles at 0.1 C.This study provides a guidance for utilizing conductive agents to apply in the low tortuous thick electrode fabricated by a solvent-free process.Additionally,this work paves the way to achieve scalable and sustainable dry processing techniques for developing next-generation energy storage technologies.展开更多
Designing efficient adsorbents for the deep removal of refractory dibenzothiophene(DBT)from fuel oil is vital for addressing environmental issues such as acid rain.Herein,zinc gluconate and urea-derived porous carbons...Designing efficient adsorbents for the deep removal of refractory dibenzothiophene(DBT)from fuel oil is vital for addressing environmental issues such as acid rain.Herein,zinc gluconate and urea-derived porous carbons SF-ZnNC-T(T represents the carbonization temperature)were synthesized without solvents.Through a temperature-controlled process of“melting the zinc gluconate and urea mixture,forming H-bonded polymers,and carbonizing the polymers,”the optimal carbon,SF-ZnNC-900,was obtained with a large surface area(2280 m^(2)g^(-1),highly dispersed Zn sites,and hierarchical pore structures.Consequently,SF-ZnNC-900 demonstrated significantly higher DBT adsorption capacity of43.2 mg S g^(-1),compared to just 4.3 mg S g^(-1)for the precursor.It also demonstrated good reusability,fast adsorption rate,and the ability for ultra-deep desulfurization.The superior DBT adsorption performance resulted from the evaporation of residual zinc species,which generated abundant mesopores that facilitated DBT transformation,as well as the formation of Zn-N_(x) sites that strengthened the host-vip interaction(ΔE=-1.466 e V).The solvent-free synthesized highly dispersed Zn-doped carbon shows great potential for producing sulfur-free fuel oil and for designing metal-loaded carbon adsorbents.展开更多
Bioinspired active pillar structures,known for their large surface area,mechanical compliance,and diverse deformation modes,have garnered extensive research interest.Among various active pillar structures,liquid cryst...Bioinspired active pillar structures,known for their large surface area,mechanical compliance,and diverse deformation modes,have garnered extensive research interest.Among various active pillar structures,liquid crystal elastomer(LCE)pillar arrays are capable of exhibiting significant and reversible anisotropic deformation under cyclic heating and cooling,showing great potential in tunable adhesion,soft robots,and biomedical devices.However,scaling up LCE pillar manufacturing remains challenging,limiting its practical applications.In this work,a solventfree LCE resin is developed with unique features including simple operating procedure,short fabrication time,and tunable responsive temperature,enabling rapid and large-scale production of LCE pillar arrays.The LCE resin allows for the preparation of complex 3D shapes in addition to film or specimen.The fabrication time can be as short as 4 h,without the need to evaporate solvent.Moreover,the LCE resins can be adjusted with a variable phase transition temperature range from 49.4℃ to 97.7℃ by incorporating non-liquid crystal acrylate chains.The resulting active pillar array structure can undertake sequential actuation upon heating with the tunable actuation temperature.Finally,the application of these pillar arrays in multi-level information encryption is demonstrated.The LCE pillar structure introduced here offers a new strategy for constructing advanced active LCE structures with tunable responsive behavior.展开更多
The imperative pursuit of elevated energy density in lithium primary coin cells(LPCCs)necessitates strategic architectural optimization to align with evolving market demands.A predominant approach involves the systema...The imperative pursuit of elevated energy density in lithium primary coin cells(LPCCs)necessitates strategic architectural optimization to align with evolving market demands.A predominant approach involves the systematic replacement of metallic structural support components(MSSCs)to minimize non-active constituent ratios,contingent upon maintaining robust interfacial contact integrity among electrodes,separators,and battery shells.Herein,we present a novel LPCC configuration employing solvent-free processed ultra-thick fluorinated carbon cathode(UCFxC)to achieve complete MSSCs elimination.The engineered UCFxC demonstrates exceptional areal capacity metrics(249.45 mg cm^(-2),215.77 m Ah cm^(-2)),enabling a 27.8% mass reduction compared with conventional laboratoryassembled coin cell while achieving 941.5% energy density enhancement through optimized electrode conductivity.Notably,single-walled carbon nanotube(SWCNT)-modified UCFxC architectures exhibited superior performance with energy exceeding 1.0 Wh at 50℃.This architectural paradigm provides valuable insights for developing next-generation high-energy-density LPCC systems,with practical implications for advancing miniaturized power source technologies.展开更多
A facile procedure for the synthesis of 2,4,5-lriarylimidazoles is being reported starting from benzil, aromatic aldehyde and ammonium acetate. The reactions were carried out with catalyst-free, solvent-free and under...A facile procedure for the synthesis of 2,4,5-lriarylimidazoles is being reported starting from benzil, aromatic aldehyde and ammonium acetate. The reactions were carried out with catalyst-free, solvent-free and under microwave irradiation conditions in high yield （80-99%） with short time （3-5 min） and environmental benign, as well as convenient operation. The structures of the compounds have been confirmed on the basis of their IR, 1H NMR, and/or 13C NMR, MS, and elemental analyzer.展开更多
This paper described an organic solvent-free, rapid, simple, and space-saving method of sample preparation followed by HPLC coupled photo-diode array (PDA) detector for simultaneous quantification of cyromazine (CYR) ...This paper described an organic solvent-free, rapid, simple, and space-saving method of sample preparation followed by HPLC coupled photo-diode array (PDA) detector for simultaneous quantification of cyromazine (CYR) and its decy-cropropylated metabolite, melamine (MEL), in milk. The HPLC-PDA was performed on an Inertsil? HILIC column with an isocratic aqueous mobile phase. Analytes were extracted from the sample using water, and purified by Mono-Spin?-C18, a centrifugal monolithic silica spin mini-columns, and quantified within 20 min. The method, performed under 100% aqueous conditions, obtained average recoveries for CYR and MEL in the range of 93.2% - 99.1% with relative standard deviations ≤ 2.8%. The quantitation limits were 8.5 ng/mL for CYR and 10 ng/mL for MEL, respectively. No organic solvents were used at any stage of the analysis.展开更多
This study systematically conducted preparation optimization and performance investigations on Co-modified Ce/TiO_(2) catalysts,with a focus on examining how preparation methods and Co loading regulate the catalyst’s...This study systematically conducted preparation optimization and performance investigations on Co-modified Ce/TiO_(2) catalysts,with a focus on examining how preparation methods and Co loading regulate the catalyst’s low-temperature denitrification activity.After identifying optimal preparation parameters via condition screening,multiple characterization techniques-including BET,XRD,XPS,H_(2)-TPR and in situ DRIFTS-were employed to deeply analyze the catalyst’s physicochemical properties and reaction mechanism.Results demonstrated that compared to the impregnation and co-precipitation methods,the Ce-Co_(0.025)/TiO_(2)-SG catalyst(prepared by the sol-gel method with a Co/Ti mass ratio of 0.025)exhibited significantly superior denitrification activity:NO conversion remained stably above 95%in the 225−350℃ temperature range,and it displayed high N_(2) selectivity.Characterization analysis revealed that abundant surface oxygen vacancies,a high proportion of Ce^(3+) species,and prominent acidic sites collectively contributed to enhancing its low-temperature denitrification performance.This work provides reference value for the development of highly efficient low-temperature denitrification catalysts.展开更多
In this paper,we consider the maximal positive definite solution of the nonlinear matrix equation.By using the idea of Algorithm 2.1 in ZHANG(2013),a new inversion-free method with a stepsize parameter is proposed to ...In this paper,we consider the maximal positive definite solution of the nonlinear matrix equation.By using the idea of Algorithm 2.1 in ZHANG(2013),a new inversion-free method with a stepsize parameter is proposed to obtain the maximal positive definite solution of nonlinear matrix equation X+A^(*)X|^(-α)A=Q with the case 0<α≤1.Based on this method,a new iterative algorithm is developed,and its convergence proof is given.Finally,two numerical examples are provided to show the effectiveness of the proposed method.展开更多
This study presents an effective hybrid simulation approach for simulating broadband ground motion in complex near-fault locations.The approach utilizes a deterministic approach based on the spectral element method(SE...This study presents an effective hybrid simulation approach for simulating broadband ground motion in complex near-fault locations.The approach utilizes a deterministic approach based on the spectral element method(SEM),which is used to simulate low-frequency ground motion(f<1 Hz)by incorporating an innovative efficient discontinuous Galerkin(DG)method for grid division to accurately model basin sedimentary layers at reduced costs.It also introduces a comprehensive hybrid source model for high-frequency random scattering and a nonlinear analysis module for basin sedimentary layers.Deterministic outcomes are combined with modified three-dimensional stochastic finite fault method(3D-EXSIM)simulations of high-frequency ground motion(f>1 Hz).A fourth-order Butterworth filter with zero phase shift is employed for time-domain filtering of low-and high-frequency time series at a crossover frequency of 1 Hz,merging the low and high-frequency ground motions into a broadband time series.Taking an Ms 6.8 Luding earthquake,as an example,this hybrid method was used for a rapid and efficient simulation analysis of broadband ground motion in the region.The accuracy and efficiency of this hybrid method were verified through comparisons with actually observed station data and empirical attenuation curves.Deterministic method simulation results revealed the effects of mountainous topography,basin effects,nonlinear effects within the basin’s sedimentary layers,and a coupling interaction between the basin and the mountains.The findings are consistent with similar studies,showing that near-fault sedimentary basins significantly focus and amplify strong ground motion,and the soil’s nonlinear behavior in the basin influences ground motion to varying extents at different distances from the fault.The mountainous topography impacts the basin’s response to ground motion,leading to barrier effects.This research provides a scientific foundation for seismic zoning,urban planning,and seismic design in nearfault mountain basin regions.展开更多
[Objectives]This study was conducted to establish a quantitative assessment method for the textural quality of chieh-qua fruit.[Methods]Using two modes of a texture analyzer,namely TPA(texture profile analysis)and pun...[Objectives]This study was conducted to establish a quantitative assessment method for the textural quality of chieh-qua fruit.[Methods]Using two modes of a texture analyzer,namely TPA(texture profile analysis)and puncture,the index data of the fruit were obtained by setting different trigger forces,deformation levels,test speeds,as well as puncture speeds and puncture depths.The data included TPA hardness,adhesiveness,springiness,cohesiveness,gumminess,chewiness,resilience,as well as skin hardness,skin toughness,flesh hardness,fracturability,and compactness.[Results]Different deformation levels had a significant impact on all parameters.Hardness,adhesiveness,gumminess and chewiness showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing with the deformation level increasing.When the deformation level was 30%,the adhesiveness,gumminess and chewiness reached their maximum values.When the deformation level was 50%,TPA hardness reached its maximum.When the compression speed was 3 mm/s,the measured values of TPA hardness,adhesiveness,chewiness,and resilience were at their maximums.The skin hardness varied significantly under different trigger forces.When the trigger force was 15 g,the skin hardness reached a maximum value of 944.63 g,and the skin toughness,flesh hardness,fracturability,and compactness also reach their maximum values respectively.When the puncture depth was 12 mm,the flesh hardness and skin toughness reached their maximums of 682.51 g and 1.82 mm,respectively.In the TPA mode,the flesh hardness of chieh-qua showed an extremely significant negative correlation with springiness,cohesiveness,and resilience(P<0.01).The fruit fracturability detected by puncture had an extremely significant positive correlation with compactness(P<0.01).[Conclusions]The evaluation method for measuring chieh-qua texture by combining TPA and the puncture mode could accurately and quantitatively reflect the differences in the flesh texture quality of chieh-qua.The optimal parameters for texture measurement of chieh-qua fruit were determined as a 15 g trigger force with 50%deformation and a 3 mm/s compression speed in TPA mode,and a 15 g trigger force with a 12 mm puncture depth in puncture mode.Puncture speed was found to have no significant effect on the texture indices of chieh-qua.展开更多
The testing of large structures is limited by high costs and long cycles, making scaling methods an attractive solution. However, the scaling process of elastic rings introduces complexities in multi-parameter geometr...The testing of large structures is limited by high costs and long cycles, making scaling methods an attractive solution. However, the scaling process of elastic rings introduces complexities in multi-parameter geometric distortions, leading to a diminution in the predictive accuracy of the distorted similitude. To address this challenge, this study formulates a novel set of scaling laws, tailored to account for the intricate geometric distortions associated with elastic rings. The proposed scaling laws are formulated based on the intrinsic deformation characteristics of elastic rings, rather than the traditional systemic governing equations. Numerical and experimental cases are conducted to assess the efficacy and precision of the proposed scaling laws, and the obtained results are compared with those achieved by traditional methods. The outcomes demonstrate that the scaling laws put forth by this study significantly enhance the predictive capabilities for deformations of elastic rings.展开更多
This study presents an implicit multiphysics coupling method integrating Computational Fluid Dynamics(CFD),the Multiphase Particle-in-Cell(MPPIC)model,and the Finite Element Method(FEM),implemented with OpenFOAM,Calcu...This study presents an implicit multiphysics coupling method integrating Computational Fluid Dynamics(CFD),the Multiphase Particle-in-Cell(MPPIC)model,and the Finite Element Method(FEM),implemented with OpenFOAM,CalculiX,and preCICE to simulate fluid-particle-structure interactions with large deformations.Mesh motion in the fluid field is handled using the radial basis function(RBF)method.The particle phase is modeled by MPPIC,where fluid-particle interaction is described through momentum exchange,and inter-particle collisions are characterized by collision stress.The structural field is solved by nonlinear FEM to capture large deformations induced by geometric nonlinearity.Coupling among fields is realized through a partitioned,parallel,and non-intrusive iterative strategy,ensuring stable transfer and convergence of interface forces and displacements.Notably,the influence of particles on the structure is not direct but mediated by the fluid,while structural motion directly affects particle dynamics.The results demonstrate that the proposed approach effectively captures multiphysics interaction processes and provides a valuable reference for numerical modeling of coupled fluid-particle-structure systems.展开更多
Objectives This review aimed to systematically synthesize the available research on the disclosure of diagnosis and related issues in childhood cancer from the perspectives of healthcare professionals,with the goal of...Objectives This review aimed to systematically synthesize the available research on the disclosure of diagnosis and related issues in childhood cancer from the perspectives of healthcare professionals,with the goal of informing the optimization of disclosure processes and meeting the communication needs of affected families.Methods In accordance with the Joanna Briggs Institute(JBI)methodology for mixed methods systematic reviews,the convergent segregated approach was used in this review.Articles were retrieved from 11 databases,including PubMed,Web of Science,CINAHL,CENTRAL,Embase,Ovid/Medline,PsycINFO,PsycArticles,Scopus,ERIC,and China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI).The quality of the selected articles was assessed using the Mixed Method Appraisal Tool(MMAT).The review protocol was registered on PROSPERO(CRD42024542746).Results A total of 21 studies from 10 countries were included.Their methodological quality was generally medium to high,with MMAT scores ranging from 60%to 100%.The synthesis yielded three core themes:1)the spectrum of professional and societal attitudes toward disclosure;2)the dynamic practices of navigating disclosure amid uncertainty,including timing and environment,stakeholders,and content of disclosure;and 3)factors influencing disclosure,including children’s,parental,healthcare professionals’,and socio-cultural factors.Conclusions This review synthesized the perspectives and experiences of healthcare professionals regarding disclosure in childhood cancer,highlighting the complexity and multidimensional nature of this process in clinical practice.Future research should further investigate the experiences and needs of children and their parents,explore cultural variations in disclosure practices,develop context-appropriate assessment tools,and construct multidimensional intervention strategies to enhance the humanistic care and professional effectiveness of the disclosure process.展开更多
As binary geological media,soil-rock mixtures(SRMs)exhibit a distinct gradational composition,leading to their unique mechanical behaviors.To appraise the stability of SRM slopes,it is essential to determine equivalen...As binary geological media,soil-rock mixtures(SRMs)exhibit a distinct gradational composition,leading to their unique mechanical behaviors.To appraise the stability of SRM slopes,it is essential to determine equivalent parameters of SRMs,which are typically obtained through experimental and numerical methods.In contrasted to other numerical methods,the numerical manifold method(NMM)is more effective in addressing SRM problems.This is because the high-precision regular mathematical meshes in NMM can be used without aligning with the soil-rock interfaces and boundaries of SRMs.In the current research,the equivalent strength parameters of SRMs,i.e.the equivalent cohesion ce and internal friction angleϕ_(e),are determined using NMM.Initially,an NMM triaxial numerical model is established and validated based on triaxial experiments.Subsequently,the soil and rock parameters are derived through parameter inversion.Moreover,the impacts of rock content,size,shape and rock blocks'major-axis orientation on ce andϕ_(e) of SRMs are thoroughly examined using the NMM triaxial numerical model.Additionally,a fitting function is proposed to linkϕ_(e) to the rock content and size of SRMs.When other influencing factors are fixed,the above fitting model leads to the following conclusions:(1)the predictedϕ_(e) of SRMs increase with the increase of rock content;and(2)SRM samples with smaller rocks display a higher predictedϕ_(e).展开更多
The Good Wife is an American TV series that focuses on women’s independence,politics,and law.The drama has been remade in China,Japan,and South Korea.This research aims to use Nida’s Functional Equivalence Theory to...The Good Wife is an American TV series that focuses on women’s independence,politics,and law.The drama has been remade in China,Japan,and South Korea.This research aims to use Nida’s Functional Equivalence Theory to analyze the methods of its English-to-Chinese subtitle translation by considering social,cultural,and historic backgrounds between China and America.After data collection and case analysis,the study found that:(1)Five major translation methods are adopted in the subtitle translation of The Good Wife.They are free translation,variation,literal translation,addition,and omission.Among them,free translation is the most frequently used,while omission is used least.(2)The subtitle translation of films and TV series is limited by time and space restrictions,social-cultural differences,and other factors.When translating,translators should try to use humorous words,euphemism,intonation,and other ways,and combine different methods such as literal translation,free translation,variation,addition,omission,and other methods to seek equivalence both in the meaning and function of subtitles under the guidance of Functional Equivalence Theory.展开更多
基金supported by Science and Technology Project of China Southern Power Grid (SZKJXM20230049/090000KC23010038)。
文摘Solid-state batteries(SSBs) with high safety are promising for the energy fields,but the development has long been limited by machinability and interfacial problems.Hence,self-supporting,flexible Nano LLZO CSEs are prepared with a solvent-free method at 25℃.The 99.8 wt% contents of Nano LLZO particles enable the Nano LLZO CSEs to maintain good thermal stability while exhibiting a wide electrochemical window of 5.0 V and a high Li~+ transfer number of 0.8.The mean modulus reaches 4376 MPa.Benefiting from the interfacial modulation,the Li|Li symmetric batteries based on the Nano LLZO CSEs show benign stability with lithium at the current densities of 0.1 mA cm^(-2),0.2 mA cm^(-2),and 0.5 mA cm^(-2).In addition,the Li|LiFePO_(4)(LFP) SSBs achieve favorable cycling performance:the specific capacity reaches128.1 mAh g^(-1) at 0.5 C rate,with a capacity retention of about 80% after 600 cycles.In the further tests of the LiNi_(0.8)Co_(0.1)Mn_(0.1)O_(2)(NCM811) cathodes with higher energy density,the Nano LLZO CSEs also demonstrate good compatibility:the specific capacities of NCM811-based SSBs reach 177.9 mAh g^(-1) at 0.5 C rate,while the capacity retention is over 96% after 150 cycles.Furthermore,the Li|LFP soft-pack SSBs verify the safety characteristics and the potential for application,which have a desirable prospect.
基金supported by China National Natural Science Foundation(22008260,21908123)。
文摘Mordenite with different Si/Al ratios were synthesized by solvent-free method and used for dimethyl ether(DME)carbonylation reaction.The influence of Si/Al ratio in the feedstock on the structure,porosity and acid sites were systematically investigated.The characterization results showed that with the increase of Si/Al ratio in the feedstock,part of silicon species fail to enter the skeleton and the specific surface area and pore volume of the samples decreased.The amount of weak acid and medium strong acid decreased alongside with the increasing Si/Al ratio,and the amount of strong acid slightly increased.The Al atoms preferentially enter the strong acid sites in the 8 member ring(MR)channel during the crystallization process.The high Si/Al ratio sample had more acid sites located in the 8 MR channel,leading to more active sites for carbonylation reaction and higher catalytic performance.Appropriately increasing the Si/Al ratio was beneficial for the improvement of carbonylation reaction activity over the mordenite(MOR)catalyst.
基金Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Chemistry of Low-Dimensional Materials for financial support(No.JSKC07041)
文摘A facile procedure for the synthesis, of quinoxalines is being reported starting from benzil and 1,2-diaminobenzene. The reactions were carried out catalyst-free, solvent-free and under microwave irradiation conditions in high yield （84-98%） with short time （3-6 min） and environmental benign, as well as convenient operation. The structures of all the compounds have been confirmed on the basis of their IR, 1H NMR, and/or 13C NMR, mass spectral data.
基金This work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51803233,21771039,and 21975048)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2019M651999).
文摘Full-color emissive carbon dots(CDs)hold a great promise for various applications,especially in light emitting diodes(LEDs).However,the existing synthetic routes for CDs are carried out in solutions,which suffer from low yields,high pressures,various byproducts,large amounts of waste solvents,and complicated photoluminescence(PL)origins.Therefore,it is necessary to explore large scale synthesis of CDs with high quantum yield(QY)across the entire visible range from a single carbon source by a solvent-free method.In this work,a series of CDs with tunable PL emission from 442 to 621 nm,QY of 23%-56%,and production yield within 34%-72%,are obtained by heating o-phenylenediamine with the catalysis of KCl.Detailed characterizations identify that,the differences between these CDs with respect to the graphitization degree,graphitic nitrogen content,and oxygen-containing functional groups,are responsible for their distinct optical properties,which can be modulated by controlling the deamination and dehydrogenation processes during reactions.Blue,green,yellow,red emissive films,and LEDs are prepared by dispersing the corresponding CDs into polyvinyl alcohol(PVA).All types of white LEDs(WLEDs)with high colorrendering-index(CRI),including warm WLEDs,standard WLEDs,and cool WLEDs,are also fabricated by mixing the red,green,and blue emissive CDs into PVA matrix by the appropriate ratios.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.21875140,21835002,21522105,and 51861145313)the Shanghai Science and Technology Plan(No.21DZ2260400)+4 种基金the China Ministry of Science and Technology(No.2021YFA1501401)The authors thank the support from Analytical Instrumentation Center(No.SPSTAIC10112914)SPST,ShanghaiTech UniversityThe authors also thank Prof.Osamu Terasaki and CħEM SPST,ShanghaiTech University(No.EM02161943)for scientific and characterization support.Y.F.thanks Junyan Li(Jilin University)for his assistance in 3D tomographic data collection.
文摘Generating hollow structure inside titanium silicalite-1(TS-1)is a widely used method to improve its liquid-phase oxidation catalytic performance in industry.However,traditional dissolution-recrystallization method usually required a large amount of aqueous solution of organic template,leading to unfavorable polluted waste,low production efficiency,and high manufacture cost.Here,a facile and environmental friendly strategy was proposed for the post-synthesis of hollow TS-1 zeolite with a solventfree method utilizing NH4HCO3 and tetrapropylammounium bromide as selective etching agents,which reduced the usage of organic template and avoided the liquid waste.The high crystallinity,the microporous structure,and the active Ti sites were preserved at a high product yield(>93%).The formation mechanism of hollow structure was also investigated by exploring effects of different reactants and experimental parameters.Meanwhile,the obtained hollow TS-1 showed an outstanding performance in the epoxidation of 1-hexene in comparison to the parent zeolite.
基金supported by the Materials/Parts Technology Development Programs(RS-2024-00466920,RS-2024-00432627,and RS-2024-00421058)funded by the Ministry of Trade,Industry&Energy(MOTIE,Korea).
文摘Rapid developments in lithium-ion battery(LIB)technology have been fueled by the expanding market for electric vehicles and increased demands for energy storage.Recently,thick electrode fabrication by solvent-free methods has emerged as a promising strategy for enhancing the energy density of LIBs.However,as electrode thickness increases,the tortuosity of lithium-ion transport also increases,resulting in severe polarization and poor electrochemical performance.Here,we investigate the effect of conductive agent morphology on the structural and electrochemical properties of 250μm thick lithium iron phosphate(LFP)/conductive agent/polytetrafluoroethylene(PTFE)-based electrodes.Three commercially available conductive additives,namely 0D Super P,1D multi-walled carbon nanotubes(MWCNTs),and 2D graphene nanoplatelets(GNPs),were incorporated into LFP-based electrodes.The MWCNT-incorporated electrode with a high loading mass(42 mg cm^(-2))exhibited a high porosity(ε=51%)and low tortuosity(τ=4.02)owing to its highly interconnected fibrous network of MWCNTs.Due to the fast lithium-ion transport kinetics in the MWCNT-incorporated electrode,the electrochemical performances exhibited a high specific capacity of 157 mAh g^(-1)at 0.1 C and an areal capacity of 7.16 mAh cm^(-2)at 0.1 C with a high-rate capability and excellent cycling stability over 300 cycles at 0.1 C.This study provides a guidance for utilizing conductive agents to apply in the low tortuous thick electrode fabricated by a solvent-free process.Additionally,this work paves the way to achieve scalable and sustainable dry processing techniques for developing next-generation energy storage technologies.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.22378065,22278077,22278076)。
文摘Designing efficient adsorbents for the deep removal of refractory dibenzothiophene(DBT)from fuel oil is vital for addressing environmental issues such as acid rain.Herein,zinc gluconate and urea-derived porous carbons SF-ZnNC-T(T represents the carbonization temperature)were synthesized without solvents.Through a temperature-controlled process of“melting the zinc gluconate and urea mixture,forming H-bonded polymers,and carbonizing the polymers,”the optimal carbon,SF-ZnNC-900,was obtained with a large surface area(2280 m^(2)g^(-1),highly dispersed Zn sites,and hierarchical pore structures.Consequently,SF-ZnNC-900 demonstrated significantly higher DBT adsorption capacity of43.2 mg S g^(-1),compared to just 4.3 mg S g^(-1)for the precursor.It also demonstrated good reusability,fast adsorption rate,and the ability for ultra-deep desulfurization.The superior DBT adsorption performance resulted from the evaporation of residual zinc species,which generated abundant mesopores that facilitated DBT transformation,as well as the formation of Zn-N_(x) sites that strengthened the host-vip interaction(ΔE=-1.466 e V).The solvent-free synthesized highly dispersed Zn-doped carbon shows great potential for producing sulfur-free fuel oil and for designing metal-loaded carbon adsorbents.
基金financially supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2023YFB3812500)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52105003)the Beijing Municipal Natural Science Foundation(No.2222058)。
文摘Bioinspired active pillar structures,known for their large surface area,mechanical compliance,and diverse deformation modes,have garnered extensive research interest.Among various active pillar structures,liquid crystal elastomer(LCE)pillar arrays are capable of exhibiting significant and reversible anisotropic deformation under cyclic heating and cooling,showing great potential in tunable adhesion,soft robots,and biomedical devices.However,scaling up LCE pillar manufacturing remains challenging,limiting its practical applications.In this work,a solventfree LCE resin is developed with unique features including simple operating procedure,short fabrication time,and tunable responsive temperature,enabling rapid and large-scale production of LCE pillar arrays.The LCE resin allows for the preparation of complex 3D shapes in addition to film or specimen.The fabrication time can be as short as 4 h,without the need to evaporate solvent.Moreover,the LCE resins can be adjusted with a variable phase transition temperature range from 49.4℃ to 97.7℃ by incorporating non-liquid crystal acrylate chains.The resulting active pillar array structure can undertake sequential actuation upon heating with the tunable actuation temperature.Finally,the application of these pillar arrays in multi-level information encryption is demonstrated.The LCE pillar structure introduced here offers a new strategy for constructing advanced active LCE structures with tunable responsive behavior.
基金the financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant Nos.52307249the Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai Province,Nos.23ZR1465900+2 种基金the Chenguang Program of Shanghai Education Development Foundation and Shanghai Municipal Education Commission,Nos.23CGA25the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities at Tongji University,Nos.PA2022000668/22120220426the Nanchang Automotive Institute of Intelligence&New Energy of Tongji University,Nos.TPD-TC202211-02。
文摘The imperative pursuit of elevated energy density in lithium primary coin cells(LPCCs)necessitates strategic architectural optimization to align with evolving market demands.A predominant approach involves the systematic replacement of metallic structural support components(MSSCs)to minimize non-active constituent ratios,contingent upon maintaining robust interfacial contact integrity among electrodes,separators,and battery shells.Herein,we present a novel LPCC configuration employing solvent-free processed ultra-thick fluorinated carbon cathode(UCFxC)to achieve complete MSSCs elimination.The engineered UCFxC demonstrates exceptional areal capacity metrics(249.45 mg cm^(-2),215.77 m Ah cm^(-2)),enabling a 27.8% mass reduction compared with conventional laboratoryassembled coin cell while achieving 941.5% energy density enhancement through optimized electrode conductivity.Notably,single-walled carbon nanotube(SWCNT)-modified UCFxC architectures exhibited superior performance with energy exceeding 1.0 Wh at 50℃.This architectural paradigm provides valuable insights for developing next-generation high-energy-density LPCC systems,with practical implications for advancing miniaturized power source technologies.
基金the Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Chemistry of Low-Dimensional Materials for financial support(No. JSKC07041)
文摘A facile procedure for the synthesis of 2,4,5-lriarylimidazoles is being reported starting from benzil, aromatic aldehyde and ammonium acetate. The reactions were carried out with catalyst-free, solvent-free and under microwave irradiation conditions in high yield （80-99%） with short time （3-5 min） and environmental benign, as well as convenient operation. The structures of the compounds have been confirmed on the basis of their IR, 1H NMR, and/or 13C NMR, MS, and elemental analyzer.
文摘This paper described an organic solvent-free, rapid, simple, and space-saving method of sample preparation followed by HPLC coupled photo-diode array (PDA) detector for simultaneous quantification of cyromazine (CYR) and its decy-cropropylated metabolite, melamine (MEL), in milk. The HPLC-PDA was performed on an Inertsil? HILIC column with an isocratic aqueous mobile phase. Analytes were extracted from the sample using water, and purified by Mono-Spin?-C18, a centrifugal monolithic silica spin mini-columns, and quantified within 20 min. The method, performed under 100% aqueous conditions, obtained average recoveries for CYR and MEL in the range of 93.2% - 99.1% with relative standard deviations ≤ 2.8%. The quantitation limits were 8.5 ng/mL for CYR and 10 ng/mL for MEL, respectively. No organic solvents were used at any stage of the analysis.
基金Supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2023YFB4102903)。
文摘This study systematically conducted preparation optimization and performance investigations on Co-modified Ce/TiO_(2) catalysts,with a focus on examining how preparation methods and Co loading regulate the catalyst’s low-temperature denitrification activity.After identifying optimal preparation parameters via condition screening,multiple characterization techniques-including BET,XRD,XPS,H_(2)-TPR and in situ DRIFTS-were employed to deeply analyze the catalyst’s physicochemical properties and reaction mechanism.Results demonstrated that compared to the impregnation and co-precipitation methods,the Ce-Co_(0.025)/TiO_(2)-SG catalyst(prepared by the sol-gel method with a Co/Ti mass ratio of 0.025)exhibited significantly superior denitrification activity:NO conversion remained stably above 95%in the 225−350℃ temperature range,and it displayed high N_(2) selectivity.Characterization analysis revealed that abundant surface oxygen vacancies,a high proportion of Ce^(3+) species,and prominent acidic sites collectively contributed to enhancing its low-temperature denitrification performance.This work provides reference value for the development of highly efficient low-temperature denitrification catalysts.
基金Supported in part by Natural Science Foundation of Guangxi(2023GXNSFAA026246)in part by the Central Government's Guide to Local Science and Technology Development Fund(GuikeZY23055044)in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62363003)。
文摘In this paper,we consider the maximal positive definite solution of the nonlinear matrix equation.By using the idea of Algorithm 2.1 in ZHANG(2013),a new inversion-free method with a stepsize parameter is proposed to obtain the maximal positive definite solution of nonlinear matrix equation X+A^(*)X|^(-α)A=Q with the case 0<α≤1.Based on this method,a new iterative algorithm is developed,and its convergence proof is given.Finally,two numerical examples are provided to show the effectiveness of the proposed method.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos.U2139208 and 52278516Key Laboratory of Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration,China Earthquake Administration under Grant No.2024D15Key Laboratory of Soft Soil Characteristic and Engineering Environment,Tianjin Chengjian University under Grant No.2022SCEEKL003。
文摘This study presents an effective hybrid simulation approach for simulating broadband ground motion in complex near-fault locations.The approach utilizes a deterministic approach based on the spectral element method(SEM),which is used to simulate low-frequency ground motion(f<1 Hz)by incorporating an innovative efficient discontinuous Galerkin(DG)method for grid division to accurately model basin sedimentary layers at reduced costs.It also introduces a comprehensive hybrid source model for high-frequency random scattering and a nonlinear analysis module for basin sedimentary layers.Deterministic outcomes are combined with modified three-dimensional stochastic finite fault method(3D-EXSIM)simulations of high-frequency ground motion(f>1 Hz).A fourth-order Butterworth filter with zero phase shift is employed for time-domain filtering of low-and high-frequency time series at a crossover frequency of 1 Hz,merging the low and high-frequency ground motions into a broadband time series.Taking an Ms 6.8 Luding earthquake,as an example,this hybrid method was used for a rapid and efficient simulation analysis of broadband ground motion in the region.The accuracy and efficiency of this hybrid method were verified through comparisons with actually observed station data and empirical attenuation curves.Deterministic method simulation results revealed the effects of mountainous topography,basin effects,nonlinear effects within the basin’s sedimentary layers,and a coupling interaction between the basin and the mountains.The findings are consistent with similar studies,showing that near-fault sedimentary basins significantly focus and amplify strong ground motion,and the soil’s nonlinear behavior in the basin influences ground motion to varying extents at different distances from the fault.The mountainous topography impacts the basin’s response to ground motion,leading to barrier effects.This research provides a scientific foundation for seismic zoning,urban planning,and seismic design in nearfault mountain basin regions.
基金Supported by Shanghai Agriculture Applied Technology Development Program (Grant No.T20220120).
文摘[Objectives]This study was conducted to establish a quantitative assessment method for the textural quality of chieh-qua fruit.[Methods]Using two modes of a texture analyzer,namely TPA(texture profile analysis)and puncture,the index data of the fruit were obtained by setting different trigger forces,deformation levels,test speeds,as well as puncture speeds and puncture depths.The data included TPA hardness,adhesiveness,springiness,cohesiveness,gumminess,chewiness,resilience,as well as skin hardness,skin toughness,flesh hardness,fracturability,and compactness.[Results]Different deformation levels had a significant impact on all parameters.Hardness,adhesiveness,gumminess and chewiness showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing with the deformation level increasing.When the deformation level was 30%,the adhesiveness,gumminess and chewiness reached their maximum values.When the deformation level was 50%,TPA hardness reached its maximum.When the compression speed was 3 mm/s,the measured values of TPA hardness,adhesiveness,chewiness,and resilience were at their maximums.The skin hardness varied significantly under different trigger forces.When the trigger force was 15 g,the skin hardness reached a maximum value of 944.63 g,and the skin toughness,flesh hardness,fracturability,and compactness also reach their maximum values respectively.When the puncture depth was 12 mm,the flesh hardness and skin toughness reached their maximums of 682.51 g and 1.82 mm,respectively.In the TPA mode,the flesh hardness of chieh-qua showed an extremely significant negative correlation with springiness,cohesiveness,and resilience(P<0.01).The fruit fracturability detected by puncture had an extremely significant positive correlation with compactness(P<0.01).[Conclusions]The evaluation method for measuring chieh-qua texture by combining TPA and the puncture mode could accurately and quantitatively reflect the differences in the flesh texture quality of chieh-qua.The optimal parameters for texture measurement of chieh-qua fruit were determined as a 15 g trigger force with 50%deformation and a 3 mm/s compression speed in TPA mode,and a 15 g trigger force with a 12 mm puncture depth in puncture mode.Puncture speed was found to have no significant effect on the texture indices of chieh-qua.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52405095,12272089,and 92360305)the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation of China(No.2023A1515110557)+4 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Province of China(No.2023-BSBA-102)the Open Fund of National Key Laboratory of Particle Transport and Separation Technology of China(No.WZKF-2024-6)the Open Project of Guangxi Key Laboratory of Automobile Components and Vehicle Technology of China(Nos.2024GKLACVTKF07 and 2024GKLACVTKF06)the Basic Research Projects of Liaoning Provincial Department of Education of China(No.JYTQN2023162)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China(No.N2403022)。
文摘The testing of large structures is limited by high costs and long cycles, making scaling methods an attractive solution. However, the scaling process of elastic rings introduces complexities in multi-parameter geometric distortions, leading to a diminution in the predictive accuracy of the distorted similitude. To address this challenge, this study formulates a novel set of scaling laws, tailored to account for the intricate geometric distortions associated with elastic rings. The proposed scaling laws are formulated based on the intrinsic deformation characteristics of elastic rings, rather than the traditional systemic governing equations. Numerical and experimental cases are conducted to assess the efficacy and precision of the proposed scaling laws, and the obtained results are compared with those achieved by traditional methods. The outcomes demonstrate that the scaling laws put forth by this study significantly enhance the predictive capabilities for deformations of elastic rings.
基金supported in part by the Mining Hydraulic Technology and Equipment Engineering Research Center,Liaoning Technical University,Fuxin,China(Grant No.MHTE23-R04)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(ID N25BSS068).
文摘This study presents an implicit multiphysics coupling method integrating Computational Fluid Dynamics(CFD),the Multiphase Particle-in-Cell(MPPIC)model,and the Finite Element Method(FEM),implemented with OpenFOAM,CalculiX,and preCICE to simulate fluid-particle-structure interactions with large deformations.Mesh motion in the fluid field is handled using the radial basis function(RBF)method.The particle phase is modeled by MPPIC,where fluid-particle interaction is described through momentum exchange,and inter-particle collisions are characterized by collision stress.The structural field is solved by nonlinear FEM to capture large deformations induced by geometric nonlinearity.Coupling among fields is realized through a partitioned,parallel,and non-intrusive iterative strategy,ensuring stable transfer and convergence of interface forces and displacements.Notably,the influence of particles on the structure is not direct but mediated by the fluid,while structural motion directly affects particle dynamics.The results demonstrate that the proposed approach effectively captures multiphysics interaction processes and provides a valuable reference for numerical modeling of coupled fluid-particle-structure systems.
基金supported by the Fuxing Nursing Research Foundation of Fudan University[FNF202352].
文摘Objectives This review aimed to systematically synthesize the available research on the disclosure of diagnosis and related issues in childhood cancer from the perspectives of healthcare professionals,with the goal of informing the optimization of disclosure processes and meeting the communication needs of affected families.Methods In accordance with the Joanna Briggs Institute(JBI)methodology for mixed methods systematic reviews,the convergent segregated approach was used in this review.Articles were retrieved from 11 databases,including PubMed,Web of Science,CINAHL,CENTRAL,Embase,Ovid/Medline,PsycINFO,PsycArticles,Scopus,ERIC,and China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI).The quality of the selected articles was assessed using the Mixed Method Appraisal Tool(MMAT).The review protocol was registered on PROSPERO(CRD42024542746).Results A total of 21 studies from 10 countries were included.Their methodological quality was generally medium to high,with MMAT scores ranging from 60%to 100%.The synthesis yielded three core themes:1)the spectrum of professional and societal attitudes toward disclosure;2)the dynamic practices of navigating disclosure amid uncertainty,including timing and environment,stakeholders,and content of disclosure;and 3)factors influencing disclosure,including children’s,parental,healthcare professionals’,and socio-cultural factors.Conclusions This review synthesized the perspectives and experiences of healthcare professionals regarding disclosure in childhood cancer,highlighting the complexity and multidimensional nature of this process in clinical practice.Future research should further investigate the experiences and needs of children and their parents,explore cultural variations in disclosure practices,develop context-appropriate assessment tools,and construct multidimensional intervention strategies to enhance the humanistic care and professional effectiveness of the disclosure process.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12272393 and 52130905).
文摘As binary geological media,soil-rock mixtures(SRMs)exhibit a distinct gradational composition,leading to their unique mechanical behaviors.To appraise the stability of SRM slopes,it is essential to determine equivalent parameters of SRMs,which are typically obtained through experimental and numerical methods.In contrasted to other numerical methods,the numerical manifold method(NMM)is more effective in addressing SRM problems.This is because the high-precision regular mathematical meshes in NMM can be used without aligning with the soil-rock interfaces and boundaries of SRMs.In the current research,the equivalent strength parameters of SRMs,i.e.the equivalent cohesion ce and internal friction angleϕ_(e),are determined using NMM.Initially,an NMM triaxial numerical model is established and validated based on triaxial experiments.Subsequently,the soil and rock parameters are derived through parameter inversion.Moreover,the impacts of rock content,size,shape and rock blocks'major-axis orientation on ce andϕ_(e) of SRMs are thoroughly examined using the NMM triaxial numerical model.Additionally,a fitting function is proposed to linkϕ_(e) to the rock content and size of SRMs.When other influencing factors are fixed,the above fitting model leads to the following conclusions:(1)the predictedϕ_(e) of SRMs increase with the increase of rock content;and(2)SRM samples with smaller rocks display a higher predictedϕ_(e).
文摘The Good Wife is an American TV series that focuses on women’s independence,politics,and law.The drama has been remade in China,Japan,and South Korea.This research aims to use Nida’s Functional Equivalence Theory to analyze the methods of its English-to-Chinese subtitle translation by considering social,cultural,and historic backgrounds between China and America.After data collection and case analysis,the study found that:(1)Five major translation methods are adopted in the subtitle translation of The Good Wife.They are free translation,variation,literal translation,addition,and omission.Among them,free translation is the most frequently used,while omission is used least.(2)The subtitle translation of films and TV series is limited by time and space restrictions,social-cultural differences,and other factors.When translating,translators should try to use humorous words,euphemism,intonation,and other ways,and combine different methods such as literal translation,free translation,variation,addition,omission,and other methods to seek equivalence both in the meaning and function of subtitles under the guidance of Functional Equivalence Theory.
