Traditional cement concrete has the disadvantages of low tensile strength,poor toughness,and rapid development of cracks while cracking,which causes a significantly negative influence on the safety and durability of c...Traditional cement concrete has the disadvantages of low tensile strength,poor toughness,and rapid development of cracks while cracking,which causes a significantly negative influence on the safety and durability of concrete road pavement.This paper presents a state-of-the-art review of toughness improvement mechanisms and evaluation methods of cement concrete for road pavement.The review indicates that(i)The performance of concrete material depends on its material composition and internal structure.Aggregate size,cement properties and admixtures are the main factors of concrete toughness.(ii)The incorporation of rubber or fiber in pavement concrete improves the toughness of concrete materials.However,these additions must be maintained within a reasonable range.The amount of rubber and fiber are encouraged not more than 30%of the volume of fine aggregate and 2%of the volume of concrete,respectively.(iii)The toughness of pavement concrete material includes the toughness regarding bending,impact and fracture.The toughness of cement concrete for highway and municipal pavement is generally evaluated by bending and fracture toughness,while the toughness of airfield pavement concrete is more focused on impact toughness.(iv)The toughening measures of cement concrete for road pavement are mainly mixed with rubber or fiber,while these two materials have their defects,and the application of hightoughness cement concrete in the actual road still faces many challenges.For example,the synergistic effect of rubber and fiber,the development and application of new flexible admixtures,and the formulation of the toughness index of pavement cement concrete materials need further research.展开更多
For a comprehensive experimental evaluation of the material quality, forecast of the properties and parameter change of the bituminous material was made at the time under the impact of external factors, they are subje...For a comprehensive experimental evaluation of the material quality, forecast of the properties and parameter change of the bituminous material was made at the time under the impact of external factors, they are subjected to the necessary tests. In the article the automated set “Tomsk-Asphalt-Test” for determining the elastic modulus of the specimens made of bituminous materials was used in road pavements, maximally close to natural conditions of operation of highways of the Siberian region inRussiaare described. The automated set contains: electromechanical, climate, electronic, PC and software subsystem. The operation principle is a short-time deformation of the asphalt specimens;measurement of physical values: the stress, strain, variation of the size line and temperature of the asphalt pavement material test specimen, converting the measured values into electrical signals, their program processing and visualization. The control of testing and viewing results of measurements is carried out in accordance with the menu software subsystem. The results of calculations: the maximum values of vertical load the difference between the maximum horizontal deformation value and the value measured last after specimen of asphalt material loading for each test cycle, the sum of the differences of the horizontal deformation values of the two sensors and modulus of elasticity.展开更多
The wearing course conditions strongly affect road pavements quality in terms of traffic safety and overall functionality.Surface texture can be considered a very strategic aspect to assess road pavement status,in ord...The wearing course conditions strongly affect road pavements quality in terms of traffic safety and overall functionality.Surface texture can be considered a very strategic aspect to assess road pavement status,in order to predict its degradation and to define an effective maintenance program.Nowadays,common texture assessment approaches are mainly empirical and based on in-situ and/or laboratory direct measurements,thus the quantity and quality of the obtainable information are limited.On the other hand,advanced contactless techniques require expensive and often complicated equipment that can be hardly used in common applications.In this regard,a low budget close-range photogrammetry technique for road pavements 3D surface texture analysis is here proposed.14 areal texture parameters including depth,volume,distribution and feature indicators have been determined by analysing the 3D models.The outcomes have been compared with those found with the traditional volumetric patch and pendulum tests,and a complete pairwise correlation matrix has been obtained.Volume patch test exhibits a high relationship with different volume and height surface texture parameters,while lowcorrelations have been found comparing pendulum test with the intrinsic and statistical indicators.The results and their relationships have been commented in-depth along with proposed further research activities.展开更多
The purpose of the paper is to analyse the effectiveness of a solution known as road condition tool(RCT)based on data crowdsourcing from smartphones users in the transport system.The tool developed by the author of th...The purpose of the paper is to analyse the effectiveness of a solution known as road condition tool(RCT)based on data crowdsourcing from smartphones users in the transport system.The tool developed by the author of the paper,enabling identification and assessment of road pavement defects by analysing the dynamics of vehicle motion in the road network.Transport system users equipped with a smartphone with the RCT mobile application on board record data of linear accelerations,speed,and vehicle location,and then,without any intervention,send them to the RCT server database in an aggregated form.The aggregated data are processed in the combined time and location criterion,and the road pavement condition assessment index is estimated for fixed 10 m long measuring sections.The measuring sections correspond to the sections of roads defined in the pavement management systems(PMS)used by municipal road infrastructure administration bodies.Both the research in question and the results obtained by the method proposed for purposes of the road pavement condition assessment were compared with a set of reference data of the road infrastructure administration body which conducted surveys using highly specialised measuring equipment.The results of this comparison,performed using binary classifiers,confirm the potential RCT solution proposed by the author.This solution makes it possible to global monitor the road infrastructure condition on a continuous basis via numerous users of the transport system,which guarantees that such an assessment is kept up to date.展开更多
Influence of the type and quantity of polyolefin fibers on the strength properties(compression strength,tensile strength in bending,strength in uniaxial tension),the deformation properties(elastic modulus,Poisson’s c...Influence of the type and quantity of polyolefin fibers on the strength properties(compression strength,tensile strength in bending,strength in uniaxial tension),the deformation properties(elastic modulus,Poisson’s coefficient)and the abrasion resistance of cement concrete with water-to-cement ratio within 0.31 e0.55 were stated in the paper.The ways of fibers introduction into fresh concrete were investigated.It was shown that the fibers introduction method and procedure of mixing are the ways to improve the fibers uniform distribution in fresh concrete.The increase of the bending tensile strength and the uniaxial tensile strength of concrete with fibers reinforcement in comparison with the reference concrete was observed with the water-to-cement ratio decrease.The increase of uniaxial tensile strength at age of 28 days for concrete with macrofibers in amount of4.5 kg/m^3 was 23%and 29%;for macrofibers in quantity of 3 kg/m^3 was 19%and 26%with water-cement ratio equal to 0.49 and 0.31,respectively.The maximum reduction of abrasion in the range of 7.5%e10%was observed in concrete with water-to-cement ratio within0.44 e0.55 for all investigated types of fibers.The influence of fibers on the concrete abrasion with lower W/C ratio was negligible.The results can contribute to the rational use of modified polyolefin fibers in road pavement concrete.展开更多
Road pavement surfaces need routine and regular monitoring and inspection to keep the surface layers in high-quality condition.However,the population growth and the increases in the number of vehicles and the length o...Road pavement surfaces need routine and regular monitoring and inspection to keep the surface layers in high-quality condition.However,the population growth and the increases in the number of vehicles and the length of road networks worldwide have required researchers to identify appropriate and accurate road pavement monitoring techniques.The vibration-based technique is one of the effective techniques used to measure the condition of pavement degradation and the level of pavement roughness.The consistency of pavement vibration data is directly proportional to the intensity of surface roughness.Intense fluctuations in vibration signals indicate possible defects at certain points of road pavement.However,vibration signals typically need a series of pre-processing techniques such as filtering,smoothing,segmentation,and labelling before being used in advanced processing and analyses.This research reports the use of noise-cancelling and datasmoothing techniques,including high pass filter,moving average method,median,Savitzky-Golay filter,and extracting peak envelope method,to enhance raw vibration signals for further processing and classification.The results show significant variations in the impact of noise-cancelling and data-smoothing techniques on raw pavement vibration signals.According to the results,the high pass filter is a more accurate noise-cancelling and data smoothing technique on road pavement vibration data compared to other data filtering and data smoothing methods.展开更多
Urban centers are consistently exhibiting higher temperature than its surrounding suburban rural areas. The large amount of heat generated from urban structures such as road materials and pavement materials and other ...Urban centers are consistently exhibiting higher temperature than its surrounding suburban rural areas. The large amount of heat generated from urban structures such as road materials and pavement materials and other anthropogenic heat sources are the main causes of Urban Heat Island (UHI). The sources of data for this research included primary and secondary sources. Other techniques employed for data collection were direct measurement and readings on the road and pavement materials. The research found out that, there was consistency in rising temperature at different time of the day by the different road and pavement materials. Asphalt has the greatest effect of increasing the urban temperature four degrees higher, followed by concrete, three degree rise in temperature, and earth (ordinary ground) by two degree rise and vegetation (grass) by one degree rise in temperature. The overall effect on the residents of the study area ranges from increase in hotness of the day;44.6% respondents agrees;while 34.3% says it affects the ambient air quality of the area, and other effects such as increased ground level ozone, suffocation, sleeplessness and restlessness as a result of excessive high temperature especially at night are identified in this paper. The research recommends the review or redesigning of the entire Port Harcourt city Master Plan to make provision for creation of more green areas rather than pavements and concreted areas to reduce the effects of (UHI) and ultimately improve the comfort and living conditions of the people in a the garden city Port Harcourt.展开更多
The main goal of landscape engineering construction is to improve the urban ecological environment, create a good and comfortable living environment for people and improve the quality of life. In order to better carry...The main goal of landscape engineering construction is to improve the urban ecological environment, create a good and comfortable living environment for people and improve the quality of life. In order to better carry out the construction of garden projects and guarantee the ultimate quality and effect of garden construction, in the actual construction stage, it is necessary to comprehensively manage the construction, consider the key elements and mitigation in the construction, and strengthen the attention and improvement of various construction problems. Judging from the current construction situation, it is necessary to make professional selection of pavement materials and strengthen the application of brand-new construction techniques in the construction of garden projects, so as to ensure the environmental protection and energy conservation of the construction, and on a certain basis, to strengthen the effect and quality of garden pavement construction. This paper mainly analyzes the application of new materials and techniques for pavement of garden roads in garden projects, hoping to improve the aesthetic and rationality of garden projects.展开更多
On the basis of the equivalent axle load action frequency, the traffic classifications of rural roads as well as their corresponding types are classified. The asphalt pavement structure, road surface types and thickne...On the basis of the equivalent axle load action frequency, the traffic classifications of rural roads as well as their corresponding types are classified. The asphalt pavement structure, road surface types and thickness of the rural roads are suggested for the various action frequency of the equivalent axle load. Furthermore, the roadbase thickness graphs are provided according to different equivalent axle load action frequency with different roadbed modulus and road surface modulus taken into account.展开更多
In recent years, road piezoelectric energy harvesting (RPEH) has attracted great attention from industry and academia, as it can provide power to traffic ancillary facilities and low-power wireless sensor devices to s...In recent years, road piezoelectric energy harvesting (RPEH) has attracted great attention from industry and academia, as it can provide power to traffic ancillary facilities and low-power wireless sensor devices to support car networking and intelligent transportation. The output power of RPEH in a recent research project demonstrated a watt level RPEH. In this proposal, we propose to harvest energy from piezoelectric modules (also called stacks) to power selected highways, tolls, and bridges in Pennsylvania. The project incorporates electrical, mechanical, and civil engineering works. The proposed smart highway RPEH will be conducted using optimization parameters to evaluate the system performance and trade-offs. MATLAB will be used with other optimization solvers in problem modeling and optimization. During this project, an RPEH hardware system will be constructed. The system will include a piezoelectric module, rectifier (AC-DC), Storage battery, data acquisition system (DAQ), and computer. The captured data will be analyzed using MATLAB/Simulink. The results show that optimum harvested parameters were addressed when the thickness is selected as 2 mm.展开更多
Dolerite is one of the most widely used road pavement construction materials in South Africa and is classified as a basic crystalline rock. The variable performance of road pavements constructed with such rocks in Sou...Dolerite is one of the most widely used road pavement construction materials in South Africa and is classified as a basic crystalline rock. The variable performance of road pavements constructed with such rocks in South Africa has frequently been linked to the durability of the freshly crushed dolerite which can undergo rapid deterioration in service. This poor durability affects the life cycle of the road as they can fail prematurely. The prevailing conditions under which rapid deterioration of dolerite occurred on the road are somewhat contradictory. The objective of this study was to provide insight into what influences rapid deterioration in dolerite when used in the base course of road pavements. The evaluation was completed by conducting surveys, field investigations and laboratory experiments comprising mineralogical analyses and engineering tests. Surveys were done to identify the investigation sites. Field investigations comprise visual condition assessment of road pavement surface and pavement structure using test pits. Field investigations were followed by a sampling of material from the identified investigation sites for laboratory material testing. Laboratory testing included standard engineering soil tests and specialised techniques for mineralogical analysis. Two approaches for durability investigations were followed. For each approach, two samples were used (control sample and investigated sample), and the results of the sample investigated were compared with the control sample results. Findings from both approaches were compared. An interesting finding was that, contrary to conventional wisdom, not all of the dolerites investigated contained discernible smectite contents.展开更多
基金This research is financially supported by the Research Program of China Railway Siyuan Survey and Design Group Co.,Ltd.(Grant number 2021K066).
文摘Traditional cement concrete has the disadvantages of low tensile strength,poor toughness,and rapid development of cracks while cracking,which causes a significantly negative influence on the safety and durability of concrete road pavement.This paper presents a state-of-the-art review of toughness improvement mechanisms and evaluation methods of cement concrete for road pavement.The review indicates that(i)The performance of concrete material depends on its material composition and internal structure.Aggregate size,cement properties and admixtures are the main factors of concrete toughness.(ii)The incorporation of rubber or fiber in pavement concrete improves the toughness of concrete materials.However,these additions must be maintained within a reasonable range.The amount of rubber and fiber are encouraged not more than 30%of the volume of fine aggregate and 2%of the volume of concrete,respectively.(iii)The toughness of pavement concrete material includes the toughness regarding bending,impact and fracture.The toughness of cement concrete for highway and municipal pavement is generally evaluated by bending and fracture toughness,while the toughness of airfield pavement concrete is more focused on impact toughness.(iv)The toughening measures of cement concrete for road pavement are mainly mixed with rubber or fiber,while these two materials have their defects,and the application of hightoughness cement concrete in the actual road still faces many challenges.For example,the synergistic effect of rubber and fiber,the development and application of new flexible admixtures,and the formulation of the toughness index of pavement cement concrete materials need further research.
文摘For a comprehensive experimental evaluation of the material quality, forecast of the properties and parameter change of the bituminous material was made at the time under the impact of external factors, they are subjected to the necessary tests. In the article the automated set “Tomsk-Asphalt-Test” for determining the elastic modulus of the specimens made of bituminous materials was used in road pavements, maximally close to natural conditions of operation of highways of the Siberian region inRussiaare described. The automated set contains: electromechanical, climate, electronic, PC and software subsystem. The operation principle is a short-time deformation of the asphalt specimens;measurement of physical values: the stress, strain, variation of the size line and temperature of the asphalt pavement material test specimen, converting the measured values into electrical signals, their program processing and visualization. The control of testing and viewing results of measurements is carried out in accordance with the menu software subsystem. The results of calculations: the maximum values of vertical load the difference between the maximum horizontal deformation value and the value measured last after specimen of asphalt material loading for each test cycle, the sum of the differences of the horizontal deformation values of the two sensors and modulus of elasticity.
文摘The wearing course conditions strongly affect road pavements quality in terms of traffic safety and overall functionality.Surface texture can be considered a very strategic aspect to assess road pavement status,in order to predict its degradation and to define an effective maintenance program.Nowadays,common texture assessment approaches are mainly empirical and based on in-situ and/or laboratory direct measurements,thus the quantity and quality of the obtainable information are limited.On the other hand,advanced contactless techniques require expensive and often complicated equipment that can be hardly used in common applications.In this regard,a low budget close-range photogrammetry technique for road pavements 3D surface texture analysis is here proposed.14 areal texture parameters including depth,volume,distribution and feature indicators have been determined by analysing the 3D models.The outcomes have been compared with those found with the traditional volumetric patch and pendulum tests,and a complete pairwise correlation matrix has been obtained.Volume patch test exhibits a high relationship with different volume and height surface texture parameters,while lowcorrelations have been found comparing pendulum test with the intrinsic and statistical indicators.The results and their relationships have been commented in-depth along with proposed further research activities.
文摘The purpose of the paper is to analyse the effectiveness of a solution known as road condition tool(RCT)based on data crowdsourcing from smartphones users in the transport system.The tool developed by the author of the paper,enabling identification and assessment of road pavement defects by analysing the dynamics of vehicle motion in the road network.Transport system users equipped with a smartphone with the RCT mobile application on board record data of linear accelerations,speed,and vehicle location,and then,without any intervention,send them to the RCT server database in an aggregated form.The aggregated data are processed in the combined time and location criterion,and the road pavement condition assessment index is estimated for fixed 10 m long measuring sections.The measuring sections correspond to the sections of roads defined in the pavement management systems(PMS)used by municipal road infrastructure administration bodies.Both the research in question and the results obtained by the method proposed for purposes of the road pavement condition assessment were compared with a set of reference data of the road infrastructure administration body which conducted surveys using highly specialised measuring equipment.The results of this comparison,performed using binary classifiers,confirm the potential RCT solution proposed by the author.This solution makes it possible to global monitor the road infrastructure condition on a continuous basis via numerous users of the transport system,which guarantees that such an assessment is kept up to date.
基金the government of Saint-Petersburg for financial support of the research as scientific grant
文摘Influence of the type and quantity of polyolefin fibers on the strength properties(compression strength,tensile strength in bending,strength in uniaxial tension),the deformation properties(elastic modulus,Poisson’s coefficient)and the abrasion resistance of cement concrete with water-to-cement ratio within 0.31 e0.55 were stated in the paper.The ways of fibers introduction into fresh concrete were investigated.It was shown that the fibers introduction method and procedure of mixing are the ways to improve the fibers uniform distribution in fresh concrete.The increase of the bending tensile strength and the uniaxial tensile strength of concrete with fibers reinforcement in comparison with the reference concrete was observed with the water-to-cement ratio decrease.The increase of uniaxial tensile strength at age of 28 days for concrete with macrofibers in amount of4.5 kg/m^3 was 23%and 29%;for macrofibers in quantity of 3 kg/m^3 was 19%and 26%with water-cement ratio equal to 0.49 and 0.31,respectively.The maximum reduction of abrasion in the range of 7.5%e10%was observed in concrete with water-to-cement ratio within0.44 e0.55 for all investigated types of fibers.The influence of fibers on the concrete abrasion with lower W/C ratio was negligible.The results can contribute to the rational use of modified polyolefin fibers in road pavement concrete.
文摘Road pavement surfaces need routine and regular monitoring and inspection to keep the surface layers in high-quality condition.However,the population growth and the increases in the number of vehicles and the length of road networks worldwide have required researchers to identify appropriate and accurate road pavement monitoring techniques.The vibration-based technique is one of the effective techniques used to measure the condition of pavement degradation and the level of pavement roughness.The consistency of pavement vibration data is directly proportional to the intensity of surface roughness.Intense fluctuations in vibration signals indicate possible defects at certain points of road pavement.However,vibration signals typically need a series of pre-processing techniques such as filtering,smoothing,segmentation,and labelling before being used in advanced processing and analyses.This research reports the use of noise-cancelling and datasmoothing techniques,including high pass filter,moving average method,median,Savitzky-Golay filter,and extracting peak envelope method,to enhance raw vibration signals for further processing and classification.The results show significant variations in the impact of noise-cancelling and data-smoothing techniques on raw pavement vibration signals.According to the results,the high pass filter is a more accurate noise-cancelling and data smoothing technique on road pavement vibration data compared to other data filtering and data smoothing methods.
文摘Urban centers are consistently exhibiting higher temperature than its surrounding suburban rural areas. The large amount of heat generated from urban structures such as road materials and pavement materials and other anthropogenic heat sources are the main causes of Urban Heat Island (UHI). The sources of data for this research included primary and secondary sources. Other techniques employed for data collection were direct measurement and readings on the road and pavement materials. The research found out that, there was consistency in rising temperature at different time of the day by the different road and pavement materials. Asphalt has the greatest effect of increasing the urban temperature four degrees higher, followed by concrete, three degree rise in temperature, and earth (ordinary ground) by two degree rise and vegetation (grass) by one degree rise in temperature. The overall effect on the residents of the study area ranges from increase in hotness of the day;44.6% respondents agrees;while 34.3% says it affects the ambient air quality of the area, and other effects such as increased ground level ozone, suffocation, sleeplessness and restlessness as a result of excessive high temperature especially at night are identified in this paper. The research recommends the review or redesigning of the entire Port Harcourt city Master Plan to make provision for creation of more green areas rather than pavements and concreted areas to reduce the effects of (UHI) and ultimately improve the comfort and living conditions of the people in a the garden city Port Harcourt.
文摘The main goal of landscape engineering construction is to improve the urban ecological environment, create a good and comfortable living environment for people and improve the quality of life. In order to better carry out the construction of garden projects and guarantee the ultimate quality and effect of garden construction, in the actual construction stage, it is necessary to comprehensively manage the construction, consider the key elements and mitigation in the construction, and strengthen the attention and improvement of various construction problems. Judging from the current construction situation, it is necessary to make professional selection of pavement materials and strengthen the application of brand-new construction techniques in the construction of garden projects, so as to ensure the environmental protection and energy conservation of the construction, and on a certain basis, to strengthen the effect and quality of garden pavement construction. This paper mainly analyzes the application of new materials and techniques for pavement of garden roads in garden projects, hoping to improve the aesthetic and rationality of garden projects.
文摘On the basis of the equivalent axle load action frequency, the traffic classifications of rural roads as well as their corresponding types are classified. The asphalt pavement structure, road surface types and thickness of the rural roads are suggested for the various action frequency of the equivalent axle load. Furthermore, the roadbase thickness graphs are provided according to different equivalent axle load action frequency with different roadbed modulus and road surface modulus taken into account.
文摘In recent years, road piezoelectric energy harvesting (RPEH) has attracted great attention from industry and academia, as it can provide power to traffic ancillary facilities and low-power wireless sensor devices to support car networking and intelligent transportation. The output power of RPEH in a recent research project demonstrated a watt level RPEH. In this proposal, we propose to harvest energy from piezoelectric modules (also called stacks) to power selected highways, tolls, and bridges in Pennsylvania. The project incorporates electrical, mechanical, and civil engineering works. The proposed smart highway RPEH will be conducted using optimization parameters to evaluate the system performance and trade-offs. MATLAB will be used with other optimization solvers in problem modeling and optimization. During this project, an RPEH hardware system will be constructed. The system will include a piezoelectric module, rectifier (AC-DC), Storage battery, data acquisition system (DAQ), and computer. The captured data will be analyzed using MATLAB/Simulink. The results show that optimum harvested parameters were addressed when the thickness is selected as 2 mm.
文摘Dolerite is one of the most widely used road pavement construction materials in South Africa and is classified as a basic crystalline rock. The variable performance of road pavements constructed with such rocks in South Africa has frequently been linked to the durability of the freshly crushed dolerite which can undergo rapid deterioration in service. This poor durability affects the life cycle of the road as they can fail prematurely. The prevailing conditions under which rapid deterioration of dolerite occurred on the road are somewhat contradictory. The objective of this study was to provide insight into what influences rapid deterioration in dolerite when used in the base course of road pavements. The evaluation was completed by conducting surveys, field investigations and laboratory experiments comprising mineralogical analyses and engineering tests. Surveys were done to identify the investigation sites. Field investigations comprise visual condition assessment of road pavement surface and pavement structure using test pits. Field investigations were followed by a sampling of material from the identified investigation sites for laboratory material testing. Laboratory testing included standard engineering soil tests and specialised techniques for mineralogical analysis. Two approaches for durability investigations were followed. For each approach, two samples were used (control sample and investigated sample), and the results of the sample investigated were compared with the control sample results. Findings from both approaches were compared. An interesting finding was that, contrary to conventional wisdom, not all of the dolerites investigated contained discernible smectite contents.
