In agricultural farms in Indiawhere the staple diet formost of the households is potato,plant leaf diseases,namely Potato Early Blight(PEB)and Potato Late Blight(PLB),are quite common.The class label Plant Healthy(PH)...In agricultural farms in Indiawhere the staple diet formost of the households is potato,plant leaf diseases,namely Potato Early Blight(PEB)and Potato Late Blight(PLB),are quite common.The class label Plant Healthy(PH)is also used.If these diseases are not identified early,they can causemassive crop loss and thereby incur huge economic losses to the farmers in the agricultural domain and can impact the gross domestic product of the nation.This paper presents a hybrid approach for potato plant disease severity estimation and classification of diseased and healthy leaves,combining the strengths of classical image processing,computer vision,and deep learning.We propose a pipeline that initially employs OpenCV’s cv2 led color-based image segmentation to isolate and highlight diseased brown,yellowcolored lesions or regions and healthy green colored lesion areas associated with various potato leaf diseases.Adaptive Thresholding for illumination and texture feature extraction and U-Net Segmentation for mask refinement for severity estimation.It has a mathematical framework for quantifying the severity based on the spatial area distribution of these regions.This allows for both visual representation of the segmented regions in the form of overlay masks and quantification of distinct disease severity.We detail the implementation of the approach,including color space selection,segmentation strategies,mask creation,area calculation,and a potential mathematical model for severity calculation.Overlay masks generated are then used as input to a CBAM-EfficientNetB0 model,leveraging transfer learning for improved classification accuracy and efficiency.For the Plant Village dataset,the test accuracy achieved is 0.99,whereas the test loss is 0.02,respectively.For the Plant Doc dataset,the test accuracy achieved is 0.97,whereas the test loss is 0.06,respectively.Also,the CBAM attention mechanism model lays emphasis on relevant features within the lesions and overall image context.The results achieved with the Plant Village dataset are slightly better in comparison to the Plant Doc dataset.展开更多
A case of Meropenem as a novel antibacterial agent to suppress and eliminate Agrobacterium tumefaciens in the Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of orchid protocorm-like bodies （PLBs） has been reported in this ar...A case of Meropenem as a novel antibacterial agent to suppress and eliminate Agrobacterium tumefaciens in the Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of orchid protocorm-like bodies （PLBs） has been reported in this article. The in vitro activities of meropenem and four comparator antibacterial agents against three Agrobacterium tumefaciens strains, LBA4404, EHA101, and GV3101, were assessed. In addition, the effect of meropenem on the growth of Dendrobium phalaenopsis PLBs was determined. Compared with other commonly used antibiotics （including ampicillin, carbenicillin, cefotaxime, and cefoperazone）, meropenem showed the highest activity in suppressing all tested A. tumefaciens strains （minimum inhibitory concentration [MIC] 〈 0.5 mg L^-1, which is equal to minimum bactericidal concentration [MBC]）. Meropenem, at all tested concentrations, except for 10 mg L^-1 concentration, had little negative effect on the growth of orchid tissues. The A. tumefaciens strain EHA101 in genetic transformation with vector plG121Hm in infected PLBs of the orchid was visually undetectable after a two-month subculture in 1/2 MS medium with 50 mg L^-1 meropenem and 25 mg L^-1 hygromacin. The expression and incorporation of the transgenes were confirmed by GUS histochemical assay and PCR analysis. Meropenem may be an alternative antibiotic for the effective suppression of A. tumefaciens in genetic transformation.展开更多
基金done under Department of Biotechnology(DBT)project titled“Application of Machine Learning for Hyperspectral Imaging and Remote Sensing aimed at Early Detection of Fungal Foliar Diseases and Bacterial Wilt Diseases in Potato Crop”,DBT/Reference.No.BT/PR45388/133/58/2022.
文摘In agricultural farms in Indiawhere the staple diet formost of the households is potato,plant leaf diseases,namely Potato Early Blight(PEB)and Potato Late Blight(PLB),are quite common.The class label Plant Healthy(PH)is also used.If these diseases are not identified early,they can causemassive crop loss and thereby incur huge economic losses to the farmers in the agricultural domain and can impact the gross domestic product of the nation.This paper presents a hybrid approach for potato plant disease severity estimation and classification of diseased and healthy leaves,combining the strengths of classical image processing,computer vision,and deep learning.We propose a pipeline that initially employs OpenCV’s cv2 led color-based image segmentation to isolate and highlight diseased brown,yellowcolored lesions or regions and healthy green colored lesion areas associated with various potato leaf diseases.Adaptive Thresholding for illumination and texture feature extraction and U-Net Segmentation for mask refinement for severity estimation.It has a mathematical framework for quantifying the severity based on the spatial area distribution of these regions.This allows for both visual representation of the segmented regions in the form of overlay masks and quantification of distinct disease severity.We detail the implementation of the approach,including color space selection,segmentation strategies,mask creation,area calculation,and a potential mathematical model for severity calculation.Overlay masks generated are then used as input to a CBAM-EfficientNetB0 model,leveraging transfer learning for improved classification accuracy and efficiency.For the Plant Village dataset,the test accuracy achieved is 0.99,whereas the test loss is 0.02,respectively.For the Plant Doc dataset,the test accuracy achieved is 0.97,whereas the test loss is 0.06,respectively.Also,the CBAM attention mechanism model lays emphasis on relevant features within the lesions and overall image context.The results achieved with the Plant Village dataset are slightly better in comparison to the Plant Doc dataset.
文摘A case of Meropenem as a novel antibacterial agent to suppress and eliminate Agrobacterium tumefaciens in the Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of orchid protocorm-like bodies （PLBs） has been reported in this article. The in vitro activities of meropenem and four comparator antibacterial agents against three Agrobacterium tumefaciens strains, LBA4404, EHA101, and GV3101, were assessed. In addition, the effect of meropenem on the growth of Dendrobium phalaenopsis PLBs was determined. Compared with other commonly used antibiotics （including ampicillin, carbenicillin, cefotaxime, and cefoperazone）, meropenem showed the highest activity in suppressing all tested A. tumefaciens strains （minimum inhibitory concentration [MIC] 〈 0.5 mg L^-1, which is equal to minimum bactericidal concentration [MBC]）. Meropenem, at all tested concentrations, except for 10 mg L^-1 concentration, had little negative effect on the growth of orchid tissues. The A. tumefaciens strain EHA101 in genetic transformation with vector plG121Hm in infected PLBs of the orchid was visually undetectable after a two-month subculture in 1/2 MS medium with 50 mg L^-1 meropenem and 25 mg L^-1 hygromacin. The expression and incorporation of the transgenes were confirmed by GUS histochemical assay and PCR analysis. Meropenem may be an alternative antibiotic for the effective suppression of A. tumefaciens in genetic transformation.
